Norwegian Salmon Farm, This is Why Arctic Char is So Expensive - Modern Fish Processing Factory
Summary
TLDRThe video explores the lifecycle and methods of farming and harvesting salmon, contrasting farmed and wild-caught salmon. It highlights how farmed salmon are raised in controlled environments, while wild salmon are caught using nets as they migrate. The script discusses environmental concerns related to fish farming, such as waste and disease, as well as the advantages of aquaponics and land-based systems. It compares the nutritional and environmental differences between farmed and wild salmon, with an emphasis on sustainability, health benefits, and the impact of aquaculture on marine ecosystems.
Takeaways
- 🐟 Farmed salmon are raised in two stages: first in freshwater tanks for 12-18 months, and then transferred to ocean pens for further growth.
- 🌊 Wild salmon are usually caught in purse seines or gill nets as they migrate along the shorelines to spawn.
- ⚙️ Farmed salmon are harvested using wet-well ships, ensuring quality by killing them with a pneumatic piston and bleeding them at the gills.
- 🦠 High population density in farmed salmon pens leads to issues like parasites and diseases, which can spread to nearby wild populations.
- 💊 Farmed salmon are often treated with antibiotics and chemicals to control disease outbreaks, which can pose health concerns for consumers, especially if eaten raw.
- 💲 Farmed salmon are more affordable and available than wild-caught salmon, but wild salmon are generally considered healthier with fewer calories and contaminants.
- 🌍 Farmed salmon production accounts for about 73% of the global salmon supply, and the largest producers are Norway, Chile, Scotland, and Canada.
- 🧬 Escaped farmed salmon can breed with wild stocks, reducing genetic diversity, or compete with native species if they are non-native.
- 🚢 Bycatch, the accidental catching of non-target species like dolphins and whales, is a concern in wild-caught salmon fisheries, although it is less significant in salmon fishing.
- ♻️ Innovations like land-based aquaculture and recirculating systems are emerging to reduce the environmental impact of salmon farming, offering more sustainable production methods.
Q & A
What are the two main stages in the farming process of salmon?
-The first stage is hatching and raising the eggs in freshwater tanks on land for 12 to 18 months to produce juvenile salmon, called smolt. The second stage is transferring the smolt to floating ocean pens, where they grow for another year or two.
How are farmed salmon typically harvested?
-Farmed salmon are transported to processing facilities using wet well ships. They are killed by a blow to the head with a pneumatic piston and then bled at the gills to maintain the quality of the meat.
How does the harvesting of wild salmon differ from that of farmed salmon?
-Wild salmon are usually caught in purse seine nets and gill nets in their natural ocean habitats, often as they migrate to their spawning grounds. Once caught, they are stored in refrigerated seawater systems to keep them fresh until delivery to processing facilities.
What are the main health and nutritional differences between farmed and wild salmon?
-Wild-caught salmon have fewer calories, less fat, and more minerals compared to farm-raised salmon. Farmed salmon have more omega-3 fatty acids but also higher concentrations of foreign chemicals and may require artificial dye to avoid a pale gray color.
What environmental concerns are associated with salmon farming?
-Salmon farming can lead to water pollution from waste materials, outbreaks of parasites like sea lice, and the spread of diseases to wild fish populations. Escaped farmed fish may also compete with or genetically dilute wild stocks.
How does the use of antibiotics and pesticides in salmon farming impact the environment and consumer health?
-Farmed salmon are often treated with antibiotics and pesticides to control outbreaks of parasites and diseases. This can negatively affect nearby wild fish and raise health concerns for consumers, especially when the fish are eaten raw.
What innovations are being made to improve the sustainability of salmon farming?
-Innovations such as the use of antimicrobial copper alloys in netting, and the development of land-based aquaculture systems, are helping to reduce pollution and contamination in salmon farming.
What is the impact of fishmeal and fish oil used in salmon farming on global fisheries?
-One-third of global commercial fishing production goes towards fishmeal and fish oil, which puts significant pressure on worldwide fisheries to meet the demand for farmed salmon.
What are land-based salmon farming systems, and how do they address some of the issues with traditional ocean-based salmon farming?
-Land-based systems use recirculating aquaculture to raise salmon in controlled environments. These systems prevent fish from escaping, reduce the risk of spreading diseases to wild populations, and lower the environmental impact by recycling waste.
Why is wild-caught salmon considered a healthier and more environmentally sustainable option by many experts?
-Wild-caught salmon is often considered healthier because it contains fewer foreign chemicals, is richer in certain nutrients, and does not face the same environmental issues as farmed salmon, such as water pollution and the spread of diseases.
Outlines
🐟 Farming and Harvesting Salmon: Two-Stage Process
Farmed salmon are raised in two main stages: eggs hatch and grow in freshwater tanks for 12-18 months, producing juvenile salmon (smolts). These smolts are then transferred to ocean pens where they grow for another year or two, with large sea pens holding up to 990,000 fish. Modern harvesting techniques use wet well ships to transport fish, and they are killed by a blow to the head, ensuring the quality of the meat. In contrast, wild salmon are typically caught using purse seine and gill nets, often freezing or suffocating in the fish holds. Alaska is highly productive in wild salmon catches during spawning seasons.
🌊 Farmed vs. Wild Salmon: Nutritional and Environmental Impacts
Wild-caught salmon is considered a healthier and more environmentally friendly choice compared to farmed salmon. Farmed salmon, while more affordable and widely available, often contains more chemicals and parasites due to farming density. To counteract diseases like sea lice, farmed fish are treated with antibiotics, which raises health concerns. Escaped farm fish can harm wild stocks by reducing genetic diversity. Despite progress in improving farm conditions, such as antimicrobial copper netting, wild salmon remain the preferred choice for many ocean and nutrition experts.
🎣 Fishing Methods and Bycatch in Salmon Fisheries
Commercial salmon fisheries primarily use purse seine and gill nets to catch migrating fish. These nets are non-selective, meaning they capture not only target species but also protected species like dolphins, whales, and sea turtles. While some bycatch can be released, many animals are injured or killed. The global commercial fishing industry contributes to environmental harm, including bycatch deaths and oil spills. Despite this, wild salmon fishing is a vital industry for Pacific coastal communities, with small, family-run boats dominating wild salmon catches.
🌍 Global Salmon Farming: Environmental Challenges
Farmed salmon accounts for 73% of the world’s salmon supply, with major producers in Norway, Chile, Scotland, and Canada. The farming process involves raising salmon in marine cages, which leads to pollution from fish waste and disease outbreaks that can spread to wild populations. Sea lice, a particular threat to both farmed and wild salmon, are often treated with pesticides in fish feed. As global salmon consumption increases, the environmental impact of fish farming is becoming more evident, particularly with issues like pollution and ecosystem damage.
🏞️ Land-Based Aquaculture: The Future of Salmon Farming?
New innovations in salmon farming include land-based systems, which use recirculating aquaculture to raise salmon in controlled environments. These farms, like Superior Fresh in the U.S., combine fish farming with hydroponics, creating a sustainable system where fish waste is used to grow plants. This method eliminates environmental contamination, reduces carbon footprint, and prevents interactions with wild populations. With projections for significant growth, land-based farming could become a major source of sustainable, fresh salmon while minimizing environmental impacts.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Farmed Salmon
💡Wild Salmon
💡Smolt
💡Sea Lice
💡Antibiotics
💡Pneumatic Piston
💡Purse Seine Nets
💡Bycatch
💡Fish Meal
💡Aquaponics
Highlights
Farming salmon starts with hatching eggs in freshwater tanks for 12 to 18 months before transferring juvenile salmon to ocean pens.
Large sea pens can hold up to 990,000 fish, and modern harvesting techniques involve transporting them using wet well ships.
Farm-raised salmon are usually killed by a blow to the head and bled at the gills to maintain meat quality.
Wild salmon are primarily caught using purse seine nets and gill nets from their natural habitats as they return to spawn.
Refrigerated seawater systems on commercial boats keep wild-caught salmon near freezing until processing.
Fish processing plants produce fresh, frozen fillets, and smoked fish, while entrails, bones, and skin are turned into fish meal.
Ranching involves artificially stocking streams and lakes with juvenile salmon, which then mature and return naturally to spawn.
Wild salmon are considered more nutritionally pure than farmed salmon, with fewer calories, less fat, and lower sodium content.
Farmed salmon often contains more omega-3 fatty acids but is known to have higher concentrations of foreign chemicals.
Parasites and diseases are common in farmed fish due to the density in aquaculture environments, posing a threat to nearby wild populations.
Escaped farm fish can reduce the genetic diversity of wild stocks if they breed, or compete if non-native species.
Over 90% of seafood consumed in the U.S. is imported, with salmon being a major import.
Land-based aquaculture systems use recirculating tanks to raise salmon in controlled environments, minimizing disease and environmental contaminants.
Superior Fresh, a U.S.-based company, combines aquaponics and recirculating aquaculture to grow both organic greens and salmon.
Land-based systems reduce the carbon footprint by eliminating the need to transport salmon over long distances, while preventing fish from escaping into wild ecosystems.
Transcripts
farmed salmon is generally raised in two
stages first the eggs are hatched and
raised on land in freshwater tanks for
12 to 18 months producing smult juvenile
salmon the smol are then transferred to
floating Nets or pens in the ocean where
they are fed pellets and grow for
another year or two a single large sea
pen can hold up to 990,000 fish
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modern harvesting techniques involve
using wet well ships to transport the
fish to the processing facility and fish
are usually killed by a blow to the head
with a Pneumatic piston and bled at the
gills this tightly controlled harvesting
process ensures that the quality of the
meat is not needlessly degraded once the
fish is dead most wild salmon are caught
in purse sen Nets and Gil Nets from the
natural ocean habitat usually as they
swim along the shoreline to return to
their home streams to spawn
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most commercial salmon boats have
refrigerated seawater systems to keep
the fish near freezing until delivery to
a processing facility or Tender quality
control varies by region and individual
vessels most fish freeze to death or
suffocate in the fish holds a single
vessel in Alaska may catch more than 1
million pounds during a productive
summer the season when Salmon spawn fish
processing plants May produce fresh and
frozen fillets smoke Oren the fish
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the entrails Bones skin of the fish are
often turned into fish meal in some
species of salmon the eggs are of
particular value many of the wild stocks
of salmon are at times enhanced with
Hatchery fish just as fish farms are
supplied with smol some streams and
lakes are artificially supplied with
smol this is called ranching these
juveniles mature in the wild and
naturally return to the streams where
they were stopped these fit
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are essentially ranched fish but are
considered Wild by the USDA in processes
enhanced Fisheries have been highly
productive in Alaska Russia and Japan
wild CT salmon are considered the fish
industry equivalent of organic produce
and are said to be more nutritionally
and chemically pure than farmed salmon
the primary benefit of farmed salmon to
Consumers is in price and availability
the large- scale production achieved by
Fish Farms makes salmon available to
more consumers and drives down the price
of wild caught salmon while
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farm raised salmon is certainly a
healthy food USDA nutritional data shows
wild caught salmon to be a healthier
choice than farm raised wild caught
salmon has less calories less fat and
saturated fat more minerals and less
sodium than farm raised salmon farm
raised salmon also contain higher
concentrations of foreign chemicals and
without artificial dye the meat would be
a pale gray color
however farm-raised salmon are often
known to have more omega-3 fatty acids
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the general consensus among ocean and
nutrition EXP B certainly lands on the
side of wild caught salmon is a
healthier and more environmentally
viable Choice than farm- raised salmon
however the aquaculture industry is
taking steps to address the issues that
plague the process in other words if
farmed with extremely stringent quality
conditions like in Norway farmed salmon
may be a better choice as it contains
more
omega-3 the inherent density of biomass
in fish farming leads to common problems
with parasites and disease among Farm
fish problems which often spread to
nearby wild stocks
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n
to combat these threats Farm fish are
often doused with antibiotics and drugs
to control outbreaks sea lice and
bacterial diseases have been found to
wipe out significant portions of wild
fish passing by even a relatively nassen
bacterial development when gone
undetected may be of serious health
concerns to the consumer especially when
eaten raw a major concern among critics
of aquiculture are the fish that escape
from pens during storms or accidents if
the fish are non-native species
they will compete with wild
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stocks if they are native they can breed
with wild stocks a reduce genetic
diversity Farm fish are often fed fish
meal and fish oil which puts pressure on
worldwide Fisheries as onethird of all
commercial fishing production goes
towards fish meal and fish oil watch
this eye openening video about salmon
when not farmed under proper conditions
while progress has been made in the
aquaculture industry to address the
pollution and contamination issues
associated with Fish Farms such as the
development of antimicrobial copper
Alloys for netting the consensus among
ocean Advocates remains that consumers
should avoid most Farm
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salmon in many areas of the world's
oceans commercial fishing has been poly
managed and has led to depleted stocks
While most Pacific salmon Fisheries are
well-run 2013 was the most productive
commercial salmon season in Alaska's
history there is always the risk of
mismanagement and depletion of wild
stocks commercial Fisheries also
inevitably lead to small and large oil
spills and other environmental pressures
that come with operating so many
vehicles on the ocean
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by catch catching non-targeted fish and
mammal species is another issue although
by catch tends to be a relatively small
issue with sammon purse sing and Gil
netting animal rights activists have
taken issue with the slow death that
many commercial caught fish face however
Recent research suggests that salmon
might lack an adequate nervous system to
feel pain the wild caught salmon
industry supports many Pacific Coastal
communities and provides a fairly
widespread of the profits in the
industry
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the commercial salmon industry remains
largely based on small and family run
boats most fish farms on the other hand
are owned by large Agricultural
conglomerates and
corporations the current worldwide
production of farmed and raised salmon
would provide about one serving of
salmon per year to each person on Earth
and 60 to 70% of that meat comes from
aquaculture if the various issues
associated with aquaculture are
mitigated farm salmon could fulfill its
theoretical promise of easing pressure
on wild stocks and providing an
affordable and healthy source of protein
around the world
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by the time it reaches the cooler it can
be hard to tell much about the salmon in
your Supermarket Seafood section some
retailers include information about
whether the fish was farmed or wild
caught domestic or imported Etc but as
we're about to learn the world of farm
fish is a nuanced one and not all salmon
is created equal us-based commercial
Fisheries landed over 1 billion pound of
salmon in 2017 the most recent year for
which national totals are available
Alaskan Fisheries account for 97% of
total Landings bringing in 985 m 89448
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C wild Atlantic salmon is an endangered
species fishing for it is prohibited in
most of the world this means that the
overwhelming majority of wild CAU salmon
sold in supermarkets are Pacific salmon
of which there are several distinct
species including pink Sakai coo Chum
and chuk wild Court chanuk salmon is
highly prized earning fishing fleets an
average of
$464 per pound in 2017 pink salmon is
the most plentiful variety accounting
for 49% of total Landings
495,000 cents per pound
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Pacific salmon are usually caught as
they migrate from the ocean back to
their freshwater spawning grounds while
coo and chuk salmon will strike baited
hooks or lurs Sakai and pink salmon
which eat primarily Krill and Plankton
generally won't commercial Fisheries use
two types of Nets to catch the majority
of the fish purse sen Nets and Gill Nets
these nets have common characteristics
they hang vertically in the water
stretched Tor between a weighted bottom
line and boy top line forming a sort of
curtain
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in the case of Gil Nets this curtain
extends horizontally fish swim into the
netting and become caught in the mesh
which is designed to allow the fish's
head to fit through but not its body
when the fish attempts to back out of
the net its gills become caught
increased agitation and struggling
typically results in the fish further
entangling itself in the net Pur sen
Nets are functionally similar to Gil
Nets in that they also suspended between
a boid Top Line and weighted bottom line
but rather than being extended
horizontally they encircle the fish
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these nets are equipped with a lead line
that allows the bottom of the net to be
drawn together much like a purse string
preventing the fish from escaping both
purse sen Nets and Gil Nets are
non-selective meaning they capture
anything that becomes caught in them
including protect species and marine
mammals species that are frequently
caught include bottlenose dolphins
humpback whales and sea turtles while it
is sometimes possible to extricate and
release these creatures in time for them
to survive they are often injured or
even killed by the sheer weight of the
catch or as a result of injury sustained
as they struggle against the net
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globally commercial Fisheries were
responsible for the deaths of 650,000
whales dolphins and seals each year
throughout the 1990s
as of 2018 Farm fish comprised roughly
73% of the world's salmon Supply when it
comes to Salmon the term farmed
generally refers to the practice of
raising fish in Marine cages large
enclosures located in sheltered Waters
such as fjs or Bays Atlantic salmon are
the primary species farmed although
small numbers of coo and chinuk salmon
are also produced
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the biggest Global producers of farmed
Atlantic salmon in Norway Chile Scotland
and Canada the salmon farming production
process takes about 3 years initially
salmon are kept in freshwater systems
after about a year they are relocated to
seawater cages where they undergo
smoltification and after roughly two
more years grow to harvest size salmon
Farms contain large numbers of fish in
close proximity to Natural marine
ecosystems this population density
combined with the fact that the fish are
unable to follow normal migratory
patterns leads to high concentration of
waste material polluting the water and
adversely affecting local marine life
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cage culture captures none of the waste
material which is dispersed or settles
below the cages in otherwise pristin
Coastal environments disease and
parasites proliferate quickly in crowded
net pens posing a threat to Wild
populations sea life parasites that prey
primarily on salmon are becoming
particularly problematic in this regard
a recent report from the Scottish salmon
producers organization sspo shows that
total sea lice numbers on Scottish
salmon Farms nearly doubled in a sing
single year April 2018 to April 2019 sea
lice outbreaks in caged salmon are often
treated by adding pesticides to the fish
feed Accord
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according to NOA over 90% of the seafood
consumed in the United States of America
is imported salmon is one of the main
imported species
387,000 was imported in 2018 the
resources required to transport so many
tons of fish over such great distances
are astronomical particularly when flown
in fresh from Chile or Norway way the
latest innovation in Salmon farming
land-based systems use recirculating
aquaculture to raise salmon in tanks
while this
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this method is still relatively new it
is projected that landbased Farms will
produce 500,000 metric tons of salmon by
2026 an amount equivalent to 21% of
2017's Global Production 2.3 million
metric tons Superior fresh is the first
land-based salmon producer in the US and
the largest aquaponic Farm in the world
an aquaponic system is when a
recirculating aquaculture system is
combined with a hydroponic system
aquaculture and aquaponics are related
but distinct for our purposes we will
explain how our aquaponic Farm works we
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incubate our eggs in our on-site
hatching room once they hatch our fish
are raised in a totally closed system
where we control all inputs and outputs
they are fed an organic diet rich in
fish meal and fish oil harvested from
sustainable Fisheries maintaining fish
welfare is Paramount throughout the
production process sea and obligate
pathogens are excluded to sustain fish
health rotational velocity of the water
in each tank is specific to the size of
the fish allowing them to swim
continuously and receive proper
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exercise waste material is perpetually
drawn out while fresh clean water is
added ensuring optimal water quality
when the fish are about 6 months old we
cue multif foration by controlling the
amount of light they receive to mimic
nature as the fish enter adolescence
they are moved to grout tanks where they
continue growing for another year once
they have reached 10 we Harvest and
process each fish by hand because the
fish are raised in a controlled system
they are protected from diseases and
environmental contaminants such as pcbs
and heavy metals found in river and
ocean environments
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then therefore our fish are never fed or
treated with antibiotics or
pesticides historically access to fresh
seafood has been limited to coastal
regions or has required transporting
food thousands of miles one of the
benefits of raising salmon on land is
that it can be done virtually anywhere
I.E adjacent to Major markets to supply
local fresh salmon eliminating the need
to transport the fish over long
distances and vastly reducing its carbon
footprint fish in controlled systems
cannot escape and do not interact with
or impact wild populations
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in a typical land-based aquaculture
system the waste material produced by
the fish must be removed treated and
sometimes discharged in aquaponics that
waste is repurposed nitrifying bacteria
convert ammonia into nitrites and then
nitrates resulting in nutrient-rich
water ideal for growing plants once the
plants absorb the nutrients clean water
is returned to the fish house at
Superior fresh we produce 3 million of
organic leafy greens and 160,000 lb of
Premium salmon each year and we do it
without wasting a single drop of
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