Module 4: Representative Texts and Authors from Latin America (21st Century) Group 1

Summary

This video presentation discusses Latin American literature, focusing on Module 4, with Modules 5 and 6 to follow. It covers the evolution from oral traditions to the boom of the 20th century, highlighting magical realism and universal themes like poverty and social protest. Key authors like Gabriel García Márquez, Carlos Fuentes, and Mario Vargas Llosa are featured, with an emphasis on their influential works such as 'One Hundred Years of Solitude' and 'The Death of Artemio Cruz.' The presentation also touches on post-boom literature, showcasing a diverse and vibrant literary scene.

Takeaways

• 📚 Module 4, 5, and 6 are being discussed, focusing on Latin American literature, its themes, and notable authors.
• 🌐 Latin American literature includes oral and written works in various languages such as Spanish, Portuguese, and indigenous languages.
• 🎭 Magical realism is a significant narrative style in Latin American literature, characterized by the blend of fantastical elements with realistic fiction.
• 🌟 The Latin American Boom was a literary movement in the 1960s and 1970s that brought international recognition to authors like Gabriel García Márquez.
• 🌱 Themes in Latin American literature include universal concerns influenced by experiences such as poverty, family, loyalty, gender roles, social protest, and religion.
• 📈 The Post-Boom period started in the 1980s, marked by a more accessible narrative and a significant presence of female authors.
• 🏆 Gabriel García Márquez is a Nobel Prize-winning author known for his magical realism and works like 'One Hundred Years of Solitude'.
• 📖 Carlos Fuentes is recognized for novels like 'The Death of Artemio Cruz' and his influence on Latino literature.
• 🏛 Mario Vargas Llosa is a Peruvian writer awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, known for works such as 'The Feast of the Goat'.
• 👩‍💻 Julia Alvarez is a critically acclaimed Latina writer who explores themes of immigration, identity, and bicultural experiences.
• ❤️ 'Love in the Time of Cholera' by Gabriel García Márquez is highlighted as a significant work that explores the enduring nature of love.

Q & A

What are the main objectives of discussing Module 4, 5, and 6?

The main objectives are to discuss representative facts relating to America, identify representative texts from Latin America, understand the details, and develop an appreciation for literary texts from the region.

What is the significance of Latin American literature?

Latin American literature is significant because it consists of oral and written literature in diverse languages like Spanish, Portuguese, and indigenous languages, and it has gained international popularity, particularly through the style known as magical realism.

What are the universal themes commonly found in Latin American literature?

Universal themes in Latin American literature include poverty, family and relationships, loyalty, gender roles, social protest, and exfoliation, as well as religion and magical realism.

What are the four major themes of Latin American literature mentioned in the script?

The four major themes are romanticism, realism, naturalism, and emerging literary trends related to identity, resistance, and human rights.

How did Latin American literature begin?

Latin American literature began with the first novels appearing in the 19th century, where early writers posed questions about national identities and the influence of European customs on local traditions.

What is the Latin American Boom, and what was its impact on literature?

The Latin American Boom was a literary movement of the 1960s to 1970s when the work of a group of relatively young Latin American novelists became widely circulated worldwide, influencing the global perception of Latin American literature.

What is magical realism, and how is it incorporated into Latin American literature?

Magical realism is a primarily Latin American narrative strategy characterized by the casual incorporation of fantastic or mythical elements into realistic fiction, creating a richly composed world of imagination.

Who are some of the notable authors mentioned in the script, and what are their contributions?

Notable authors include Gabriel García Márquez, known for works like 'One Hundred Years of Solitude'; Carlos Fuentes, author of 'The Death of Artemio Cruz'; Mario Vargas Llosa, who wrote 'The Feast of the Goat'; and Julia Alvarez, known for 'How the García Girls Lost Their Accents'.

What is the significance of 'One Hundred Years of Solitude' by Gabriel García Márquez?

'One Hundred Years of Solitude' is significant as it established Márquez as a leading author and is often cited as one of the supreme achievements in literature, telling the multi-generational story of the Buendía family.

How does the script describe the transition from the Latin American Boom to Post-Boom literature?

The script describes the transition by noting that Post-Boom literature is more accessible to a wider audience, with a strong presence of female authors and a return to more traditional narrative structures, whereas Boom writers were criticized for being too experimental.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to Latin American Literature

The script introduces the discussion of Module 4, 5, and 6, focusing initially on Module 4. It emphasizes the importance of understanding Latin American literature, which includes oral and written works in various languages like Spanish, Portuguese, and indigenous languages. The module aims to help learners identify and appreciate the literary texts from Latin America. Latin American literature is known for its magical realism and its exploration of universal themes such as poverty, family, loyalty, gender roles, social protest, and religion. The script also touches on the historical development of Latin American literature, mentioning the Latin American Boom and influential authors like Gabriel García Márquez.

05:01

🌐 Historical Development and Themes

This paragraph delves into the historical development of Latin American literature, starting from the 19th-century foundational fiction that aimed to establish a sense of place and national identity. It discusses the rise of women's education and writing, the modernist and avant-garde movements, and the economic prosperity that led to a literary boom. The paragraph highlights the Latin American Boom of the 1960s and 1970s, where works by authors like Julio Cortázar and Mario Vargas Llosa gained global recognition. It also mentions post-Boom literature, which is more accessible and includes a significant number of female authors. The paragraph concludes with examples of works by Isabel Allende and Giannina Braschi.

10:02

🏆 Prominent Authors and their Works

The script focuses on the works of prominent Latin American authors such as Gabriel García Márquez, Carlos Fuentes, and Mario Vargas Llosa. It mentions Márquez's Nobel Prize in Literature and his notable works like 'One Hundred Years of Solitude' and 'Love in the Time of Cholera.' Carlos Fuentes's 'Aura' and 'The Death of Artemio Cruz' are highlighted, emphasizing their significance in the Latin American Boom. Mario Vargas Llosa's commitment to social change and his works like 'The Feast of the Goat' and 'The Bad Girl' are also discussed. The paragraph provides insights into the authors' contributions to literature and their exploration of themes like power, identity, and social issues.

15:05

📖 Post-Boom Literature and Contemporary Authors

This section discusses the transition from the Boom period to Post-Boom literature, which is characterized by more accessible narratives and a stronger presence of female authors. It mentions authors like Isabel Allende and her works that explore themes of immigration, identity, and bicultural experiences. The paragraph also covers Vargas Llosa's later works, such as 'The Dream of the Cell' and 'The Discrete Hero,' which continue to address Peruvian society and politics. The narrative style and thematic concerns of Post-Boom literature are highlighted, showing a shift towards more diverse and inclusive storytelling.

20:07

💌 The Enduring Power of Love in Literature

The final paragraph of the script summarizes the key lessons from Gabriel García Márquez's 'Love in the Time of Cholera.' It emphasizes the novel's portrayal of love as a force that endures despite life's challenges and disappointments. The summary provides an overview of the novel's plot, focusing on the long-awaited love story between Florentino Ariza and Fermina Daza, and the impact of Dr. Juvenal Urbino's death. The paragraph concludes the module by encouraging learners to appreciate the beauty of patience and timing in love and life.

Keywords

💡Latin American Literature

Latin American Literature refers to the oral and written literature of Latin America, encompassing a diverse range of languages such as Spanish, Portuguese, and indigenous languages. It is characterized by its rich cultural and social commentary, often reflecting universal themes influenced by experiences like poverty, family, and social protest. In the video, this term is central as it discusses the evolution and characteristics of literature from this region, including magical realism and the Latin American Boom.

💡Magical Realism

Magical Realism is a narrative style primarily associated with Latin American literature, where fantastic or mythical elements are incorporated seamlessly into realistic fiction. It often results in a blend of the ordinary and the extraordinary, creating a unique storytelling approach. The video mentions magical realism as a significant characteristic of Latin American literature, particularly highlighting its association with the Latin American Boom and authors like Gabriel García Márquez.

💡Universal Themes

Universal Themes are central ideas about the human condition that connect ideas across different disciplines and cultures. They often discuss basic human concerns and are influenced by experiences such as poverty, family, and social issues. The video emphasizes that Latin American literature, like many other cultures, is rich in these themes, making it relatable and impactful globally.

💡Latin American Boom

The Latin American Boom was a literary movement in the 1960s and 1970s that brought international recognition to Latin American literature. It was characterized by innovative narrative techniques and a focus on social and political issues. The video discusses this period as a significant moment in the history of Latin American literature, mentioning authors like Gabriel García Márquez and their contributions.

💡Post-Boom Literature

Post-Boom Literature refers to the literary period following the Latin American Boom, characterized by a more accessible narrative style and a strong presence of female authors. The video highlights this period as a shift from the experimental nature of Boom literature to a more reader-friendly approach, with a focus on themes of identity, immigration, and bicultural experiences.

💡Gabriel García Márquez

Gabriel García Márquez was a Colombian novelist, short-story writer, and journalist, known for his works that combined the fantastic with the realistic, reflecting the life and conflicts of Latin America. He is a central figure in the video, being awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1982, and his works like 'One Hundred Years of Solitude' and 'Love in the Time of Cholera' are discussed as significant contributions to Latin American literature.

💡Carlos Fuentes

Carlos Fuentes was a Mexican novelist, regarded as one of the most influential Spanish-speaking authors. His works, such as 'The Death of Artemio Cruz' and 'Aura,' are mentioned in the video as examples of the Latin American Boom's literature, characterized by their exploration of cultural identity and the use of innovative narrative techniques.

💡Mario Vargas Llosa

Mario Vargas Llosa is a Peruvian writer known for his commitment to social change and his exploration of themes like identity and power. The video discusses his works, including 'The Feast of the Goat,' which portrays the assassination of a Dominican dictator, illustrating his focus on historical and political events in Latin America.

💡Julia Alvarez

Julia Alvarez is a Dominican-American writer whose work often deals with themes of immigration, identity, and the experience of bicultural individuals. The video mentions her works such as 'How the García Girls Lost Their Accents' and 'In the Time of the Butterflies,' which explore the complexities of navigating two cultures and the human capacity for resilience.

💡Cervantes Prize

The Cervantes Prize is an annual Spanish award given to a Spanish-language author for their lifetime achievement in Spanish literature. The video mentions this prize in the context of Mario Vargas Llosa and Isabel Allende, highlighting the recognition and prestige associated with their contributions to Latin American literature.

💡Identity

Identity is a central theme in Latin American literature, often explored through the experiences of characters grappling with cultural, social, and personal identities. The video discusses how authors like Julia Alvarez and Mario Vargas Llosa delve into the complexities of identity, particularly in the context of biculturalism and the search for self within a broader social and political landscape.

Highlights

Discussion of Module 4, 5, and 6 in Latin American literature

Module 4 focuses on representative facts in Latin American literature

Latin American literature includes oral and written works in Spanish, Portuguese, and indigenous languages

Magical realism became internationally popular in the second half of the 20th century

Latin American literature is rich in cultural and social commentary

Universal themes in literature connect ideas across disciplines

Themes include poverty, family, loyalty, gender roles, social protest, and religion

Magic realism is a narrative strategy with a mix of fantastical elements in realistic fiction

Themes of Latin American literature: romanticism, realism, naturalism, and emerging literary trends

The Latin American wars of independence influenced themes of identity and resistance

First novels in Latin American literature appeared in the 19th century

The Latin American Boom was a literary movement in the 1960s and 1970s

Post-Boom literature began in the 1980s with a focus on humor and popular genres

Gabriel García Márquez is a renowned Colombian author known for magical realism

Carlos Fuentes is a Mexican novelist known for his exploration of cultural heritage

Mario Vargas Llosa is a Peruvian writer with a commitment to social change

Julia Alvarez is a Dominican-American writer exploring themes of immigration and identity

Love in the Time of Cholera by Gabriel García Márquez teaches about the enduring nature of love

End of Module 4 presentation, with a hope that viewers have learned valuable insights

Transcripts

good day everyone i'm always in

escaranto with my groupmates we are

going to discuss the module assigned to

us

module 4

5 and 6.

moving on

module 4 has a long discussion

in this video presentation we are just

going to discuss module 4 and the other

2 module in the next video

thank you

so let's start

would you far entitled representative

facts in other words relating america

after discussions you are expected to

identify representatives texts and

others from latin america

really understand the details even and

develop appreciation of literary texts

and others from latin american

latin american literature

consists of oral and written literature

of latin american in diverse language

like spanish portuguese and the

indigenous language

of the american in particular

basically latin is the best language of

spanish italian portuguese and french

it became blueberry prominent during the

second half of 20th century

legislated the international popularity

of style known as magical realism

since the region's literature was much

associated only with 20th century

literary

movement known as latin american boom

which was actively supported by gabriel

garcia marquez

latin american stories revolve around

universal teams

latin american literature just like of

many other cultures is rich in cultural

and social commentary

universal themes are ways to connect

ideas across all disciplines

it is a central idea about the human

condition

it is a generalization about life or

human nature

they discuss basic human concerns

influenced by experience such as poverty

family and relationship loyalty gender

roles social protest and exfoliation

religion and magical realism

magic realism is a primarily latin

american narrative strategy

characterized by the casualty

incorporation of fantastic or mythical

elements is a similarly realistic

fiction

four major themes of latin-american

literature

first

romanticism a celebration of nature

and the common man affah who's an

individual experience an idealization of

human and an embrace of isolation and

melancholy are all common

characteristics

second

realism

instead of using filters or fantasy to

create a fictional world realism is

based on real everyday life

explores real life stories

third

naturalism digital portrayal of modern

society frequently featuring lower class

characters

in urban settings are a panoramic view

of the slice of contemporary life

emerging literary trends

the latin american wars of independence

that occurred in the early 19th century

in latin america lead of literary teams

of identity resistance and human rights

how did the latin american literature

began

the first novels began to appear in

latin american literature during the

19th

century early writers pose questions

about national identities or whether

european customs should replace local

traditions jose hernandez an argentinian

writer wrote the first latin american

epic poem during this period

the latin american boom spanish boon

latin americano

was a literary movement of the 1960s to

1970s when the work of a group of

relatively young latin american

novelists

became widely circulated in europe and

throughout the world

in american litigation

has a rich complex literary tradition

dates back hundreds of years

pray colombian

little was primarily oral

with the aesthetics and mayans being

exemption-related elaborate rate

codices

colonial

ritual

when you europeans first arrived in the

new world

they were greeted by early explorers

and

conquistadores

who do street and accounts of their

experiences

such as crony sash

the period of foundational fiction was

the 19th century

novels published in the romantic or

naturalist traditions

which though to establish a sense of

place national identity

with a focus on the role and rights of

indigenous peoples

civilization versus barbarism they got

to be a period of god will rise

in women's education and writing

brought more female authors to the

forefront

in the late century modern is more the

vanguards and boom producers emerged the

nicaraguan bandais azul was the founding

text of the century poetic movement

avant-garde or vanguard and spanish was

the next significant artistic movement

in not in america this movement was

influenced by several european movements

particularly seriously

that in america experientializing

economic prosperity and a new fund sense

of security it also sparked a literary

boom

boom writers experimented with guinness

other than traditional factions

narrative structures that incorporate

non-linearity and experimental narration

and the american literature was launched

into the global stage and it was held a

success

this in american blue was a literary

movement that the flourish had in the

1960s and 1970s

it became where the works of primarily

militant american others such as

julia cortez are

mario brothers

mercedes

artist planters and the brothers here

marquez became widely circulated in

really

vertically in paris and barcelona

one of the works in the film aurora

regardless frances

first published head in 1962 the short

note alba carlos fantastic linear of can

be called the cervantes prize

is one of the most particular and

eccentric novels of this racial

literature

one unique characteristics of this novel

is that it is written in the second

person which gives the sense that

francis is talking right to you as a

reader

this is the ghostly love story between

ayanna filled with montero and a young

woman hora appearing to him as a host

famous works of carlos santos

post boom and contemporary literature is

distinguished by a proclivity for humor

as well as the use of popular genres

some authors believe that boom success

to be a burden and vehemently denounce

the caricature that latin american

literature is reduced to magical realism

in today's literature the region is

vibrant and diverse with books ranging

from the best-selling paolo coelho

post boom began in the 1980s

it's different from the boom in many

ways the most notable being a strong

presence of female authors isabel

allende roberto bolano christina pero

rossi and giannina brashi are some

examples of post boom authors

one of the work in post boom literature

these are not sweet girls poetry by

latin american woman isabelle iron day

despite cultural maxims encouraging them

to be silent women continue to speak

often through the language of poetry

where there is an abundance of intuition

and the possibility of reclaiming power

through language

in the work included here we see how the

common threads of courage and

inventiveness can be woven into a bright

tapestry of woman's voices that presents

a true picture of a culture that must

create its own history

here is an example of work done by

isabel ion day

the difference between boom and post

boom literature is that boom writers

were criticized for being too

experimental and difficult to read

the post bomb period is more accessible

to a wider audience

some authors returned to a more plaid

centered clearly structured narrative

boom faded away in the 1970s and 1980s

though many of the writers continued to

produce excellent novels and was

replaced by an even bigger and more

complex grouping known as post boom

21st century representative texts and

authors from latin america

first author stated in the module is

gabriel garcia marquez

he became famous journalist and is known

as the best novelist and colombia short

story writer journalist and screenwriter

he was awarded as the nobel prize winner

in 1982 for his novels and short stories

in which the fantastic and the realistic

are combined in a richly composed world

of imagination reflecting a continent's

life and conflicts

he is known as gabo or gabito and

considered as one of the greatest

authors of the 20th century he had

written the most endearing and memorable

stories of magic realising in

latin-american fiction

some of notable work done by gabrielle

garcia marquez

100 years of solitude

is a 1967 first novel that established

that tells the multi-generational story

of the bendiya family was patriarch jose

arcadio buendia founded the town of

makondo

the novel is often cited as one of the

supreme achievements in literature

chronicle of ida foretold

and vela it tells in the form of

pseudo-journalistic reconstruction the

story of the murder

love in time of cholara

the novel written in spanish a nobel

prize winning piece and publish in 1985.

this novel is an emotional and physical

plague that suffer from the lovesickness

and feel pains

autumn of the patriarch

is a novel written in 1975

a poem that solitude of power

according to the author

the novel is a flowing track on the life

of an eternal dictator

next author is

he is a

mexican novel listening scs

who has been highest awarded in mexico

is the highest owner and he has also

received numerous liberal owners for his

novel achievements

he was offering a candidate for the

nobel prize in literature but otherwise

he did not win but even so he was

described by the new york times as one

of the most admirers in spanish speaking

world

and an important influence on the latino

ending

example work done by carlos ventus

mashas

the death of artemiu cruz

this is a novel that written in 1962

it is a milestone in the latin american

boom

which presents the agony of the last

hours of a wealthy survivor of the

american revolution

was translated into several languages

and established

aura in mexico he published the first

edition in 1962.

this novel is regarded as fantastic

literature due to its remarkable

description of dream-like themes and the

characters complexion of double identity

dara nostra explorers of the cultural

substrata of new and old worlds as the

author

using jungian archetypal symbolism seeks

to understand his cultural heritage old

gringo

the first novel published of carlos

fuentes in 1985

its english language translation of the

same year was the first novel by a

mexican author to be a us bestseller and

was one of the three nominees for the

reits paris hemingway award as best

novel of 1985.

christopher unborn

is the tenth novel of carlos fuentes

originally published by the fonda de

cultura economica in 1987.

the first u.s edition was published in

1989 by farrar israel's and gerox

moving on next opening the module is

mario vargas-nosa when he became a

writer he already composed or produced

many novels and was known as peruvian

spanish writer whose commitment to

social change is evident in mrs noble's

place and essays

he was awarded the nobel prize in

literature in 2010 for his novel

he wrote a novel about his experiences

and its title was a fish in the water a

memoir

and became a citizen of spain and was

awarded the cervantes prize of the same

year despite his new nationality he

continued to write about peru in such

novels

in 2015 vargas lusa also made his acting

debut at the theatre royale in madrid

where he appeared as a duke in tales of

the fleet absolutely his stage

adaptation of giovanni professors

the camera

some of mario vargas lewis are amazing

works the notebooks of dundee roberta

the novel tells of a love story whose

participants may be the fictional

characters of daniel alberta

with the usual sly assurance vargas law

subject the reader guessing which

episodes are real and which issues from

the god's imagination the resulting

novel and aggregate of reality and

fantasy is sexy funny biscuiting and

unfailing compelling

the feast of the goat

a novel by the peruvian nobel prize in

literature laura de mario vargas rosa

the book is set in the dominican

republic and portrays the assassination

of dominican dictator rafael treville

and its aftermath from two distinct

standpoints a generation apart during

and immediately after the assassination

itself in may 1961 and 35 years later in

1996 throughout there is also extensive

reflection on the heyday of the

dictatorship in 1950s

and its significance for the island and

its inhabitants

the way to paradise is a novel published

in

2003. the novel is a historical double

biography of post-depressionist painter

paul galdin and his grandmother flora

tristan one of the founders of feminism

the bad girl originally published in

2006 in spanish as travis de la nina's

mala is a novel who won the nobel prize

in literature in 2010.

other examples of his notable works the

dream of the cell 2010 the noble was

presented to the public november 3 2010

during a special ceremony held in the

casa the american museum and cultural

center in madrid

that same day it appeared in book stores

the discrete hero 2013

a tale of two cities fiora and lima

rocked by scandal and the disintegrating

bonds of loyalty between the generations

the neighborhood 2016 a political

mystery which takes place in lima and a

twist being an unpredictable tale

tales of plague

is a gameplay that blames action and

adventure phases of story featuring by

two young orphans of the run from the

acquisition

that they should survives against a

great danger

supernatural swarms of rats that

appeared with the green lagoon

last writer in the module is julia

alvarez

she has written novels poetry essays and

fiction for children and young adults

much of her work deals with teams such

as

immigration identity and the experience

of bicultural individuals

she was born in new york city on march

27

1950 shortly after her birth

her parents moved back to their home in

the dominican republic

where alvarez would live for the first

10 years of her life

recognized for her extraordinary

storytelling

and poetry in pros

miss albarez explores themes of identity

family and cultural divides and also

illustrate the complexity of navigating

two worlds and reveals the human

capacity first trend in the face of

oppression

regarded as one of the most critically

and commercially successful

latina writers of her time

her published works include five novels

a book of essays three collections of

poetry

for children's books

and two works of adolescent fiction

alvarez has received grants from the

national endowment for the arts in the

ingram miral foundation

some of her poetry manuscripts now have

a permanent home in the new york public

library

example of amazing works done by julia

alvarez how the garcia girls lost their

absence

1991

in the time of the butterflies 1994

in you 1997

her works as a poet include homecoming

1984

and the human i keep to myself 2004

and something to declare 1998 the secret

footprints in the name of

[Music]

in the last part of the lesson in module

we can see a work done by gabriel garcia

marquez titled love in the time of

most important lesson this book teaches

us is that love is not something to be

disappointed with

life is full of opportunities

one should not be disappointed when he

encounters difficulties in his life

even if he spends half of it in sorrow

waiting for the right moment is the most

beautiful thing

the novel's main plot revolves around

florentino ariza and fermi nadas love

story their long wait and their marriage

after 50 years

the rising action is dr juvenal orbino's

death when he falls from the ladder on

pentecost sunday

after 50 years of waiting florentino

ariza proposes to and paris firmino dasa

in the following action

that's all for this video presentation

we finish the module 4

hope you learned many things from us

thank you