Akuntansi Pajak Aset Tetap

Summary

This video script discusses fixed asset accounting, highlighting differences between commercial accounting (PSAK 16) and tax regulations in Indonesia. It covers initial asset recognition, depreciation methods like straight-line and production-based, and the impact of asset life estimates on depreciation. The script also explores temporary differences, tax deferrals, and adjustments for asset revaluations or extensions of asset life, using examples to illustrate calculations and their implications for financial reporting.

Takeaways

• 📚 PSAK No. 16 and tax regulations are the main references for accounting and taxation of fixed assets.
• 🏦 Initial recognition of fixed assets can be based on acquisition cost or market value.
• 📈 Depreciation methods can vary between commercial accounting (straight-line, declining balance, etc.) and fiscal accounting (straight-line and declining balance).
• 📊 The useful life of an asset for accounting purposes can be estimated by management, while for tax purposes, it must comply with the Ministry of Finance regulations.
• 🚗 Example calculation: A company bought a car for 200 million on 01-01-2017, estimated to have a 4-year useful life. The annual depreciation for accounting would be 50 million.
• 💼 Temporary differences arise from the difference in depreciation calculations between commercial accounting and fiscal accounting.
• 💹 Deferred tax assets or liabilities emerge when there is a temporary difference between the accounting and tax values of an asset or liability.
• 🌱 Depreciation can start from the month an asset is used to generate income or maintain earnings, with approval from the Director General of Taxes.
• 🔄 If an asset is revalued, the new value becomes the basis for subsequent depreciation for both accounting and tax purposes.
• ⏫ An increase in the useful life of a fixed asset due to significant expenditure can extend the asset's life and change the depreciation calculation.
• 💰 Gains or losses from the sale of fixed assets can impact taxable income and may be subject to tax, depending on whether they exceed the asset's carrying amount.

Q & A

What does PSAK 16 refer to in the context of accounting for fixed assets?

PSAK 16 refers to the Indonesian Accounting Standard for Fixed Assets, which provides guidelines on how to account for fixed assets in financial statements.

How is the useful life of a fixed asset determined for tax purposes in Indonesia?

For tax purposes, the useful life of a fixed asset is determined according to the regulations set by the Ministry of Finance, as stipulated in the Indonesian tax law.

What are the two methods of depreciation recognized for tax purposes in Indonesia?

The two methods of depreciation recognized for tax purposes in Indonesia are the straight-line method and the declining balance method.

What is the difference between the commercial and fiscal life of an asset as mentioned in the script?

The commercial life of an asset is determined by management estimates, while the fiscal life is determined by tax regulations and is specific to the asset category as defined by the Ministry of Finance.

How is the depreciation expense calculated for a fixed asset that costs 200 million and has an estimated useful life of four years?

The depreciation expense is calculated by dividing the cost of the asset by the number of years of its useful life. So, for an asset costing 200 million with a four-year life, the annual depreciation expense would be 50 million.

What is a temporary difference and how does it arise between commercial and fiscal depreciation?

A temporary difference arises when the depreciation expense recognized for financial (commercial) accounting purposes differs from that recognized for tax (fiscal) accounting purposes due to different useful lives or methods of depreciation.

What is the tax consequence of a temporary difference where the commercial book value is greater than the fiscal book value?

When the commercial book value is greater than the fiscal book value, it results in a deferred tax asset, which represents the future tax benefit from the deductible temporary difference.

How is the start of depreciation for tax purposes determined if a company starts using an asset partway through the year?

With the approval of the Director General of Tax, the company can start depreciating the asset from the month it is used to generate income or when the asset starts generating revenue.

What is the fiscal correction for depreciation, and how does it affect the tax reporting?

Fiscal correction for depreciation is the adjustment made to align the depreciation expense for tax purposes with the accounting depreciation. It can result in either a positive or negative correction, affecting the taxable income and consequently the tax payable.

How does the extension of the useful life of a fixed asset affect its depreciation for accounting and tax purposes?

For accounting purposes, the extended useful life is added to the book value of the asset, and depreciation continues over the new life. For tax purposes, the expenditure to extend the life is treated as a new asset with its own depreciation period.

What are the implications of selling a fixed asset at a gain for tax purposes in Indonesia?

If a fixed asset is sold at a gain, the difference between the selling price and the book value is considered taxable income and is subject to Personal Income Tax (PPh) in Indonesia.