HAZARDS CAUSED BY HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA / EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE / SCIENCE 11 - MELC 18

Summary

This educational video delves into the significance of learning competency in utilizing hazard maps to identify areas susceptible to hydrometeorological hazards such as tropical cyclones, monsoons, floods, and IPO. It emphasizes the Philippines' vulnerability due to its location along the typhoon belt and the Pacific Ring of Fire. The video explains the formation and hazards of tropical cyclones, the impact of thunderstorms, floods, tornadoes, monsoons, El Niño, and La Niña. It also underscores the importance of hazard maps for community risk mitigation, promoting awareness, and planning evacuation strategies.

Takeaways

• 🌐 The Philippines is situated in a typhoon belt and experiences numerous natural disasters, including typhoons, earthquakes, and floods.
• 🌪️ Hydrometeorological hazards are atmospheric, hydrological, or oceanographic events that can lead to loss of life, property damage, and other disruptions.
• 🌀 Tropical cyclones, including typhoons, cyclones, and hurricanes, are severe weather disturbances with strong winds and heavy rains, forming around a low-pressure area.
• 🌀 The formation of tropical cyclones involves the evaporation of warm ocean water, the upward movement of moist air, and the condensation into rain clouds.
• 🌀 Super Typhoon Haiyan is an example of a powerful storm that caused extensive damage in the Philippines, highlighting the destructive potential of tropical cyclones.
• ⚡ Thunderstorms are violent weather events associated with lightning, thunder, heavy rain, or hail, and can lead to fires, injuries, and flash flooding.
• 💧 Floods occur when water overflows onto normally dry land, often due to heavy rainfall or the overflow of waterways, and can cause significant damage.
• 🌊 Storm surges are rises in water levels caused by storms, distinct from storm tides which include the effect of astronomical tides.
• 🌪️ Tornadoes, known locally as 'ipo', are rotating columns of wind that extend from thunderstorm clouds to the ground, causing destruction with high-speed winds.
• 🌬️ Monsoons are seasonal wind patterns affecting the Philippines, with the southwest monsoon bringing heavy rainfall and the northeast monsoon bringing cooler, drier conditions.
• 🌊 El Niño and La Niña are oceanic phenomena affecting weather patterns, with El Niño typically causing drought and La Niña leading to increased rainfall.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the video?

The main focus of the video is to discuss learning competency using hazard maps to identify areas prone to hazards caused by tropical cyclones, monsoons, floods, or IPO.

What are the two main outcomes expected from the lesson?

By the end of the lesson, viewers should be able to identify different types of hydrometeorological hazards and explain the hazards brought about by tropical cyclones, monsoons, floods, or IPO.

Why is the Philippines particularly prone to natural disasters?

The Philippines is located along a typhoon belt, also known as the Pacific Ring of Fire, which makes it susceptible to numerous deadly typhoons, earthquakes, and other natural disasters.

What are hydrometeorological hazards?

Hydrometeorological hazards are atmospheric, hydrological, or oceanographic processes or phenomena that can cause loss of life, injury, property damage, loss of livelihoods, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage.

What are the hazards caused by tropical cyclones?

The hazards caused by tropical cyclones include strong winds, heavy rains, floods, and storm surges.

How do tropical cyclones form?

Tropical cyclones form through a natural process where warm moist air from the ocean rises, condenses to form clouds, and with the right conditions, organizes into a system with a low-pressure area that can intensify into a tropical depression and eventually a typhoon.

What is the difference between a tropical depression, a tropical storm, and a typhoon?

A tropical depression is characterized by maximum sustained wind speeds of 64 kilometers per hour, a tropical storm by 118 kilometers per hour, and a typhoon by wind speeds greater than 200 kilometers per hour.

What are the characteristics of a thunderstorm?

Thunderstorms are violent, short weather disturbances associated with lightning, thunder, dense clouds, heavy rain or hail, and strong gusty winds. They arise when warm moist air rises to cooler regions of the atmosphere.

What is a flash flood and how does it form?

A flash flood is an overflow of water onto normally dry land caused by heavy or excessive rainfall in a short period of time, usually less than six hours. It is characterized by fast-moving water that can rapidly change small creeks into raging torrents.

What is the difference between a storm surge and a storm tide?

A storm surge is a rise in water levels generated by a storm above the predicted astronomical tides, while a storm tide is the water level rise due to the combination of storm surge and astronomical tide.

What is a tornado and how does it form?

A tornado, locally known as IPO, is a narrow funnel or cylindrical-shaped, intensely rotating column of winds that form during powerful thunderstorms and extend from the base of a cumulonimbus cloud to the ground. They rotate usually in a counterclockwise direction and can reach speeds of up to almost 500 kilometers per hour.

What are the two main monsoon patterns in the Philippines and what are their characteristics?

The two main monsoon patterns in the Philippines are the southwest monsoon (Habagat), characterized by a strong west or southwest breeze bringing significant rainfall, and the northeast monsoon (Amihan), which features a cooler, drier, and less strong east or northeast breeze with prolonged cloudless days.

What is El Niño and how does it affect weather patterns?

El Niño is a prolonged unusual warming of sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific that occurs irregularly and can last up to two years. It results in warmer water in the west and colder water in the east, potentially causing severe drought, stronger thunderstorm disturbances, and massive storms.

What is La Niña and how does it differ from El Niño?

La Niña is the opposite of El Niño, characterized by a prolonged unusual cooling of sea temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific. It can last for one to three years and is associated with above-normal rainfall.

Why are hazard maps important in mitigating the risks of natural disasters?

Hazard maps are important because they highlight areas affected by or vulnerable to specific hazards, promoting risk awareness, aiding in the design of evacuation procedures, and assisting in the decision-making for the locations of evacuation facilities and shelters.

Outlines

00:00

🌀 Understanding Hydrometeorological Hazards

This paragraph introduces the concept of hydrometeorological hazards, focusing on the Philippines' vulnerability due to its location along the typhoon belt and the 'Ring of Fire.' It explains that these hazards include tropical cyclones, monsoons, floods, and IPO, which can cause loss of life, property damage, and social disruption. The paragraph also describes the formation of tropical cyclones, detailing the process from evaporation to the development of a typhoon, including the role of warm ocean waters and converging winds. The video script mentions Super Typhoon Haiyan as an example of a powerful storm, highlighting its devastating impact on the Philippines.

05:08

🏠 Impact of Tropical Cyclones and Other Hazards

Paragraph 2 discusses the aftermath of a tropical cyclone, emphasizing the destruction of homes and infrastructure. It mentions the challenges faced by government officials and the difficulties in accessing devastated areas for rescue and aid efforts. The paragraph also covers different types of weather disturbances, including thunderstorms, floods, storm surges, and tornadoes (IPO). Each of these phenomena is described in terms of its formation, characteristics, and potential dangers. The paragraph provides a comprehensive overview of the various hydrometeorological hazards and their impacts on human life and property.

10:10

🌦️ Weather Patterns and Hazard Mitigation

The final paragraph delves into the monsoon patterns in the Philippines, distinguishing between the southwest (habagat) and northeast (amihan) monsoons. It also explains the El Niño and La Niña phenomena, which affect weather patterns and can lead to droughts or excessive rainfall. The paragraph concludes by emphasizing the importance of hazard maps in mitigating the risks associated with these natural hazards. Hazard maps are described as tools for risk awareness, evacuation planning, and the strategic placement of shelters. The video script encourages community action and understanding of these maps to prevent disasters or minimize their effects.

Keywords

💡Hydrometeorological Hazards

Hydrometeorological hazards refer to natural events that originate from atmospheric, hydrological, or oceanographic processes and can lead to significant impacts such as loss of life, property damage, and economic disruption. In the video, these hazards are exemplified by tropical cyclones, monsoons, floods, and IPO, which are all threats that the Philippines faces due to its geographical location. The video emphasizes the importance of understanding these hazards to mitigate their effects on communities.

💡Tropical Cyclones

Tropical cyclones are intense low-pressure weather systems characterized by strong winds and heavy rains that revolve around a central low-pressure area. The video explains that they form over warm ocean waters and can escalate into powerful storms like typhoons or hurricanes, depending on the region. The Philippines experiences an average of 20 such storms annually, highlighting the significance of tropical cyclones in the country's weather patterns and disaster preparedness.

💡Storm Surges

Storm surges are the abnormal rise in sea level during a storm, which can lead to coastal flooding. The video mentions that storm surges are a hazard brought about by tropical cyclones, as they can cause significant damage to coastal areas. The script provides an example of Super Typhoon Haiyan, which caused a storm surge that devastated parts of the Philippines, illustrating the destructive power of this phenomenon.

💡Thunderstorms

Thunderstorms are violent weather disturbances associated with lightning, thunder, heavy rain, or hail, and strong winds. The video describes how thunderstorms form when warm moist air rises and condenses in cooler regions of the atmosphere. They can lead to various hazardous conditions, such as flash flooding and property damage, emphasizing their role in the hydrometeorological hazards discussed.

💡Floods

Floods are defined as an overflow of water onto normally dry land, often caused by heavy rainfall or the overflowing of water bodies like rivers and streams. The video explains that flash floods, which occur due to excessive rainfall in a short period, can be particularly dangerous due to their rapid and forceful nature. Floods are a key hazard in the context of the video, showcasing the need for community preparedness and hazard mapping.

💡Tornadoes (IPO)

Tornadoes, locally known as IPO in the Philippines, are narrow, funnel-shaped, and intensely rotating columns of winds that extend from thunderstorm clouds to the ground. The video describes tornadoes as a dangerous force of nature, capable of causing significant damage by flattening houses and lifting objects like cars. The concept is used to illustrate the variety of hydrometeorological hazards that communities must be aware of and prepare for.

💡Monsoon

Monsoon refers to a seasonal wind pattern that brings significant rainfall to the Philippines. The video distinguishes between the southwest monsoon (Habagat), which brings heavy rains, and the northeast monsoon (Amihan), which is cooler and drier. Understanding monsoon patterns is crucial for predicting and preparing for the associated weather hazards, such as floods and storm surges.

💡El Niño

El Niño is a climate phenomenon characterized by the warming of sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific. The video explains that El Niño occurs irregularly and can lead to severe droughts, stronger thunderstorms, and other weather disturbances. It is an important concept in the video as it illustrates how global climate patterns can influence local weather hazards.

💡La Niña

La Niña is the opposite of El Niño, representing a cooling of sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific. The video suggests that La Niña can lead to above-normal rainfall, which can result in increased flooding risks. Understanding La Niña is essential for communities to anticipate and prepare for potential weather-related hazards.

💡Hazard Maps

Hazard maps are tools used to identify areas vulnerable to specific natural hazards, such as earthquakes, floods, and tsunamis. The video emphasizes the importance of hazard maps in promoting risk awareness, designing evacuation procedures, and deciding the locations of evacuation facilities. They are depicted as essential for community preparedness and disaster mitigation, helping to reduce the impact of hydrometeorological hazards.

Highlights

Learning competency using hazard maps to identify areas prone to hazards caused by tropical cyclones, monsoons, floods, or IPO.

The Philippines is located along a typhoon belt and suffers from numerous natural disasters.

Hydrometeorological hazards are atmospheric, hydrological, or oceanographic processes that may cause loss of life and property damage.

The Philippines experiences an average of 20 storms and typhoons annually.

Tropical cyclones are characterized by strong winds and heavy rains revolving around a central low-pressure area.

The formation of tropical cyclones is a natural process for energy transfer from the equator to colder regions.

Typhoons form from the evaporation of water molecules from the ocean, leading to cloud formation and precipitation.

Super Typhoon Haiyan's direct hit on the Philippines caused widespread destruction and was one of the strongest storms in recorded history.

Thunderstorms are violent weather disturbances associated with lightning, heavy rain, or hail.

Flooding can occur due to heavy rainfall in a short period, causing flash floods and substantial damage.

Storm surge is a rise in water levels generated by a storm, distinct from storm tide which includes astronomical tides.

Tornadoes, known locally as IPO, are rotating columns of winds that can cause significant destruction.

Monsoon patterns in the Philippines include the southwest monsoon (Habagat) and the northeast monsoon (Amihan).

El Niño is a warming of sea surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific, leading to drought and stronger storms.

La Niña is the cooling of sea temperatures in the equatorial Pacific, often resulting in above-normal rainfall.

Hazard maps are tools for risk awareness, evacuation planning, and determining locations for evacuation facilities and shelters.

Hazard maps should be easy to understand and use, with users aware of their limitations and uncertainties.

Transcripts

[Music]

in this video we will focus our

discussion

on the learning competency using hazard

maps

identify areas prone to hazards brought

about by tropical cyclones

monsoons floods or ipo

at the end of the lesson you should be

able to one

identify the different types of

hydrometeorological hazards

and number two explain the hazards

brought about by tropical cyclones

monsoons floods or ipo

the philippines is located along a

typhoon belt or the so-called pacific

ring of fire

it has suffered from a countless number

of deadly typhoons

earthquakes and other natural disasters

all these natural disasters are hazards

that our country

experienced we define

hydrometeorological hazards as a process

or phenomenon of atmospheric

hydrological or oceanographic nature

that may cause

loss of life injury or other health

impacts

property damage loss of livelihoods and

services

social and economic disruption or

environmental damage

this hydro meteorological hazards

include tropical cyclones

thunderstorms tornadoes el nino and la

nina

monsoons storm surges and floods

tropical cyclone is a severe weather

disturbance characterized by strong

winds and heavy rains

which revolve around a central low

pressure area

the philippines is used to powerful

storms it is hit by an average of 20

storms and typhoons a year

now what are the hazards caused by

tropical cyclones and how does it form

let's watch this strong winds

heavy rains floods storm surges

these are just some of the hazards that

are brought by tropical cyclones

the formation of tropical cyclones is a

natural phenomenon

that is used by the earth to attain

balance or equilibrium

transferring energy from the equator to

colder parts of the earth

they are called by various names in the

northwest pacific

we call them typhoons in the indian

ocean and southwest pacific

they're called cyclones and in the

atlantic they're called hurricanes

they're often found to form within the

inter-tropical convergence zone

or the itcz where the north east and

southeast trade winds meet

typhoons form just like how ordinary

rain clouds form

they start from the evaporation of water

molecules from the ocean

because this moist air is warm they

travel upwards

until they meet with cold air at this

point

they start to condense and form clouds

resulting in rain showers

the clouds dissipate and vanish after

precipitation is completed

with a very active system clouds can

group together

into large clusters of thunderstorms

these cluster of clouds are areas of low

pressure in the atmosphere

when combined with warm ocean waters

typically over 26 degrees celsius

they join two of the key ingredients in

transforming ordinary clouds into deadly

typhoons

converging winds also help the movement

of warm moist air from the ocean upwards

and contribute to the circulation of the

typhoon

with an organized circulation the low

pressure area

becomes a tropical depression as the

tropical depression drifts

it may encounter areas of the ocean

where it is exceptionally warm

this will further drive the increase of

its circulation

transforming it into a typhoon and when

conditions are ideal

the system starts to rotate even faster

and now on a clear center the eye of the

title

this is a look inside perhaps one of the

strongest storms in recorded history

super typhoon haiyan has made a direct

hit on the island

[Music]

the typhoon slammed into the philippines

at 4 30 a.m friday morning

with winds of 195 miles per hour

and gusts of 235 miles an hour that's

higher than the winds from hurricane

sandy

and katrina combined

the powerful storm plowed through the

island leaving homes and buildings

destroyed

government officials say many devastated

areas will be uninhabitable for months

the country's president says they are

facing a calamity

this was the scene in tacloban city

which was in the direct path of the

storm

this reporter from cnn affiliate abs-cbn

was forced inside as the storm barreled

in

and watched the street below him become

a flood zone

water from the storm as high as 10 feet

in some areas

two barges near the city of behall were

left stranded

the huge waves prevented rescue crews

from reaching them

crew members abandoned ship by jumping

into the churning water

trying to scramble back to land as of

now one of the crew remains missing

the typhoon came with warning 125

thousand people were able to seek refuge

and evacuation shelters

and in some places the cleanup has

already begun

but aid workers have not been able to

reach some of the hardest hit areas

to the full picture of the devastation

from this powerful storm

is still unknown the type of tropical

cyclone is characterized by the maximum

sustained wind speed

64 kilometers per hour it is called

tropical depression

118 tropical storm 200

typhoon and greater than 200 is called

super typhoon next is thunderstorm

a violent short weather disturbance that

is almost always associated with

lightning

thunder dense clouds heavy rain or hail

and strong gusty winds thunderstorms

arise when layers of warm moist air rise

to cooler regions of the atmosphere

the moisture condenses to form towering

chameleon nimbus clouds and eventually

precipitate

electrical charges accumulate on cloud

particles

lightning discharges occur when the

accumulated electric charge becomes

sufficiently large

lightning hits the air it passes through

so intensely and quickly that shock

waves are produced

these shock waves are heard as claps and

rolls of thunder

severe thunderstorms can cause injury or

death and can also result in substantial

property damage

many hazardous weather events are

associated with thunderstorms

lightning is responsible for several

fires around the world each year

as well as causing deaths when people

are struck

under the right conditions rainfall from

thunderstorms can cause

flash flooding which can change small

creeks into raging torrents in a matter

of minutes

washing away large boulders and man-made

structures

next we have floods an overflow of water

onto normally dry land

the outpouring of a normally dry area

caused by rising water in an existing

waterway

such as a river stream or drainage

waterway

a flood caused by heavy or excessive

rainfall in a short period of time

generally less than six hours is called

flash flood

these are usually characterized by

raging fast moving water

after heavy rains that rip through river

beds

urban streets or mountain valleys

sweeping everything before them

storm surge is a typical rise of water

generated by a storm

over and above the predicted

astronomical tides

storm surge should not be confused with

storm tide which is defined as the water

level rise due to the combination of

storm surge and the astronomical time

[Music]

next we have tornado locally known as

ipo ipo

having narrow funnel or cylindrical

shaped and intensely rotating columns of

winds that form

during powerful thunderstorms and

extends from the base of the communist

cloud down to the earth's surface

tornadoes are a dangerous force of

nature

it rotates usually in a counterclockwise

direction and reach

speeds of up to almost 500 kilometers

per hour

tornadoes can flatten houses and lift

cars

off the ground

[Music]

next we have monsoon a weather pattern

in the philippines we have the southwest

monsoon and the north is

monsoon southwest monsoon or summer

monsoon locally called habagat

is characterized by a strong generally

west or southwest breeze

that is responsible for bringing

significant rainfall to the asian

subcontinent

and to south and east asia

northeast monsoon or winter monsoon

locally called the amihan

this weather features a generally less

strong

east or northeast breeze that is cooler

and drier

with prolonged periods of successive

cloudless days

next we have el nino a prolonged unusual

warming of sea surface temperature in

central in eastern equatorial pacific

this natural phenomenon occurs at

irregular intervals of two to seven

years and lasts for nine months or two

years at most

it results to the warmer water

concentrated in the west

in colder water in the east el nino will

most likely bring severe drought

it is believed that it causes stronger

thunderstorm disturbance and massive

storms

it also causes the decrease in the

population of some species

la nina is the opposite of el nino it is

a prolonged unusual cooling of sea

temperatures in central and eastern

equatorial pacific that may last for one

to three years

people will likely experience above

normal rainfall during la nina

in order to mitigate the hazards and

risks in your community

hazard maps are used it encourages

everyone in the community to take action

to prevent a possible disaster or reduce

its effect if it happens

hazard map is a map that highlights

areas that are affected by

or are vulnerable to a particular hazard

normally created for natural hazards

such as earthquakes

volcanoes landslides flooding and

tsunamis

hazard maps help prevent serious damage

and deaths

hazard maps are effective tools for

promoting risk awareness

for designing evacuation procedures and

for deciding the locations of

evacuation facilities and shelters

hazard maps should be easy to understand

and easy to use for purposes of prompt

evacuation

and users should be aware of the

limitations and uncertainties

of the information they contain

and that ends our lesson i hope you

learned something today congratulations

thank you for watching

[Music]