DEMOKRASI LIBERAL DI INDONESIA

Summary

This historical video explores the life and politics of the Indonesian people during the era of liberal democracy. It discusses the implementation of a parliamentary system, the rise of political parties, and the frequent changes in cabinets. Key cabinets such as those led by Natsir, Sukiman, Wilopo, Ali Sastroamidjojo, Burhanuddin Harahap, and the non-partisan Karya cabinet under Juanda are highlighted. The video also touches on significant events like Indonesia's membership in the United Nations, the Bandung Conference, and the declaration of a 12-mile territorial sea limit. It concludes with President Soekarno's dissolution of the Constituent Assembly and the end of liberal democracy in Indonesia, marking a shift towards guided democracy.

Takeaways

• 📜 The script discusses the political life of Indonesia during the era of liberal democracy.
• 🏛 Indonesia shifted from a united state to a federation, known as the Republic of Indonesia Federation, after the 1949 Round Table Conference.
• 🗣️ The Indonesian people demanded a return to a united form of state, leading to the change back to the Republic of Indonesia with the UUD 1950 as the temporary constitution.
• 🌟 The era of liberal democracy was marked by the flourishing of political parties and a multi-party system, with notable parties including Masyumi, PNI, and PKI.
• 🏢 The parliamentary system meant that the president was a symbolic head of state, with a prime minister leading the government, which was accountable to the parliament.
• 🔄 There were seven cabinet changes within nine years, reflecting the instability and frequent shifts in government during this period.
• 📉 The first cabinet under liberal democracy, the Natsir cabinet, faced challenges including the West Irian issue and a lack of confidence from PNI, leading to its short tenure.
• 🤝 The Sukiman cabinet is noted for initiating cooperation with the United States under the Mutual Security Act, which was controversial due to its contradiction with Indonesia's neutral and active foreign policy.
• 📊 The Wilopo cabinet managed to last longer due to being a coalition of PNI and Masyumi, but faced economic crises and social unrest, including the South Sumatra Uprising.
• 🌍 The Ali Sastroamidjojo cabinet played a significant role in international affairs, notably hosting the Asia-Africa Conference in Bandung and canceling the Round Table Conference's outcomes related to Dutch debts.
• 🛑 President Soekarno eventually declared that liberal democracy was unsuitable for Indonesia, leading to the formation of the extra-parliamentary 'Karya' cabinet under Prime Minister Juanda, which was composed of non-partisan experts.

Q & A

What was the political system implemented in Indonesia during the period of liberal democracy?

During the period of liberal democracy, Indonesia implemented a parliamentary system of government.

What was the significance of the Round Table Conference in 1949 in Indonesia's history?

The Round Table Conference in 1949 resulted in Indonesia changing its form of state from a union to a federation, known as the Republic of Indonesia Federation.

Why did the Indonesian people demand a change from the federal system to a unitary state?

The Indonesian people demanded a change from the federal system to a unitary state because they realized that the federal system was a Dutch tactic to divide and weaken the Indonesian nation.

When did Indonesia revert to a unitary state, and what was the legal basis at that time?

Indonesia reverted to a unitary state on August 17, 1950, and the legal basis at that time was the Provisional Constitution of 1950, also known as the UUDS 50.

How did the political party landscape look like during the liberal democracy era in Indonesia?

During the liberal democracy era, there was a flourishing of political parties due to a multi-party system. Some of the notable parties included Masyumi, PNI, and PKI.

What was the role of the President and the Prime Minister in the parliamentary system during Indonesia's liberal democracy?

In the parliamentary system, the Prime Minister held the executive power, while the President served as a symbolic head of state without the authority to run the government.

How frequent were cabinet changes during the liberal democracy period in Indonesia?

During the liberal democracy period, Indonesia experienced seven cabinet changes within a span of nine years, from 1950 to 1959.

What was the main reason for the fall of the Natsir cabinet?

The Natsir cabinet fell due to the failure to resolve the West Irian issue and a vote of no confidence from PNI concerning the revocation of Government Regulation No. 39 of 1950, which was seen as favoring Masyumi.

Which cabinet was able to last more than a year and what were some of its achievements?

The Wilopo cabinet lasted more than a year. It was a coalition of PNI and Masyumi parties. One of its achievements was the formation of a 'cabinet of experts' and handling the economic crisis and separatist movements.

What significant international event was held during Ali Sastroamidjojo's first cabinet, and what was its impact?

The first cabinet of Ali Sastroamidjojo held the Asia-Africa Conference in Bandung in 1955. This conference was significant for Indonesia's international standing and for fostering South-South cooperation.

What was the main reason for the fall of Burhanuddin Harahap's cabinet?

The Burhanuddin Harahap cabinet ended its term not because of a vote of no confidence or resignation, but because its task was considered completed, including successfully conducting the first general elections in Indonesia.

What was the role of the 'Karya' cabinet, and why was it formed?

The 'Karya' cabinet, also known as the Djuanda cabinet, was formed because of the inability to reconcile the views of different political parties. It was an extra-parliamentary cabinet with a non-partisan engineer, H. Juanda, as Prime Minister.

What were the key issues faced by the Djuanda cabinet, and what was its major achievement?

The Djuanda cabinet faced issues such as the attempted assassination of President Soekarno and the unfinished Constitutional Assembly. Its major achievement was the declaration of Indonesia's territorial sea expansion from three to twelve miles, known as the Djuanda Declaration.

What event marked the end of liberal democracy and parliamentary government in Indonesia?

The end of liberal democracy and parliamentary government in Indonesia was marked by President Soekarno's issuance of a Presidential Decree on July 5, 1959, dissolving the Constitutional Assembly, reinstating the Constitution of 1945, and forming a Provisional Supreme Advisory Council and a Provisional People's Consultative Assembly.