Adding Ratings to Components in ETAP Lesson (3) for Power System Engineering Courses

Summary

This video tutorial guides viewers on incorporating component ratings into an electrical single line diagram using ETA program. It covers adding system symbols like generators, defining their properties, and setting parameters such as kilovolt ratings, grounding types, and short circuit ratings. The video also details configuring transmission lines, transformers, cables, and loads, including selecting conductor types and sizing. It concludes with utilizing the presentation toolbar for cable management and creating different case studies within the same project.

Takeaways

• 🔌 To add components in an electrical single line diagram, start by placing a system symbol generator and position it as needed.
• ⚙️ Each component in the diagram, such as a generator, should have its properties defined, including name, connection to buses, phase type, and operational mode.
• 📊 The utility grid connected to the diagram can be set as a swing function, and its ratings like kilovolt and short circuit values should be specified based on the actual power system data.
• 🔗 For transmission lines, details such as name, connected buses, length, tolerance, conductor type, and configuration must be inputted into the diagram.
• 🌐 It's important to select the correct unit system (metric or English) when defining the properties of transmission lines, as it affects the available conductor types and cable sizes.
• 🔄 The configuration of transmission lines includes aspects like the arrangement (horizontal, vertical, triangular), cable height, and spacing between conductors.
• 💡 Transformers in the diagram need to be defined by their connection points, standard (NC or IEC), operation condition (in or out), type, and ratings including voltage transformation and power rating.
• 🔌 Transformers' impedance values and other characteristics can be inputted manually or automatically assigned using typical values based on the transformer type.
• 🏭 Loads and cables are other critical elements that require specification of connection points, conductor types, and ratings such as length and power demand.
• 📈 The presentation toolbar offers functionalities to manage and filter cables, and to create different presentations or case studies using the same single line diagram for various analyses.

Q & A

How do you add a generator to the electrical single line diagram?

To add a generator, locate the generator symbol from the elements, click on it, and place it on the desired location on the diagram. You can rotate it by selecting, right-clicking, and choosing rotate 180 degrees if needed.

What is the significance of defining the bus number for each component in the diagram?

Defining the bus number for each component is crucial as it establishes the electrical connections within the system, indicating which components are connected to which buses.

How do you set the utility grid's function in the single line diagram?

You can set the utility grid's function by double-clicking on the grid, selecting the mode (e.g., swing, voltage control), and specifying whether it's a three-phase or single-phase system.

What are the steps to define the ratings for a component like the utility grid?

To define ratings, double-click the component, specify the rated kilovolt, whether it's balanced or unbalanced, and input the short circuit rating and X/R ratio based on the actual power system data.

How do you specify the type of grounding for a component?

Specify the type of grounding by selecting the component, going to the configuration settings, and choosing between options like star grounded or delta.

What information is required to define a transmission line in the single line diagram?

To define a transmission line, you need to specify the line name, connected buses, length, tolerance, conductor type, conductor library, ground wire library, configuration (e.g., horizontal), cable height, and spacing between conductors.

How do you choose the conductor type for a transmission line?

Select the conductor type by clicking on the conductor library, choosing the appropriate system (metric or English), and selecting the desired conductor type from the available options.

What details are necessary when defining a transformer in the single line diagram?

Defining a transformer involves specifying the transformer name, connected buses, standard (e.g., IEC), condition (in or out of service), transformer type, primary and secondary voltage ratings, power rating, and impedance values.

How can you filter and manage cables in the single line diagram?

Use the cable manager tool from the presentation toolbar to view and filter cables based on parameters like AC/DC type, kilovolt rating, and single or three-phase configuration.

What is the purpose of the presentation toolbar in the single line diagram?

The presentation toolbar allows for different views and case studies using the same single line diagram, facilitating various analyses like load flow or short circuit studies without altering the original diagram.

How do you create a new load flow analysis using the single line diagram?

To create a new load flow analysis, right-click on the single line diagram, select 'create a new load flow,' and double-click to configure the settings for the new analysis.

Outlines

00:00

🔌 Adding Components to an Electrical Single Line Diagram

This paragraph explains how to add components to an electrical single line diagram. It starts with adding a generator to the system using the symbol generator tool. The generator is placed and rotated to the desired position. The video then moves on to defining each component's properties such as the utility grid's name, connection to the bus, phase type, and control mode. The swing function is assigned to the largest generator. Ratings for the utility grid, including kilovolts, balance, short circuit rating, and x over r ratio, are discussed and inputted into the system based on hypothetical values.

05:00

🚧 Configuring Transmission Lines and Conductors

The second paragraph delves into configuring transmission lines, starting with selecting the line and defining its connection points. It covers aspects like line length, tolerance, conductor type, and frequency system (50 Hz or 60 Hz). The importance of choosing the right conductor type based on the system's requirements is emphasized. The video also discusses selecting the ground wire, configuring the transmission line's physical layout, and setting parameters like cable height and spacing. The process of identifying and configuring a transformer, including its connection to buses, standards, type, and ratings, is also explained.

10:02

🔌 Setting Up Cables and Loads

This section focuses on setting up cables and loads within the diagram. It begins with editing cables, selecting their length, and choosing the type of conductor from a library. The video explains how to select the conductor size and configure the cable's physical attributes like height and spacing. The process of identifying and configuring loads, including their connection to buses, power rating, and power factor, is detailed. The video also covers selecting different cables and loads, adjusting their parameters, and inputting values based on the system's requirements.

15:05

🛠️ Finalizing the Single Line Diagram and Presentation Tools

The fourth paragraph concludes the setup of the single line diagram by selecting and configuring the generator. It discusses setting the operation mode, ratings, and modeling parameters for the generator. The video then moves on to demonstrate the use of presentation tools, such as the cable manager, which provides an overview of all cables used in the diagram, including their specifications and installation details. The paragraph also introduces filtering options to manage and display cables based on voltage, type, and phase. The video concludes by discussing the ability to create different case studies using the same single line diagram for various analyses.

20:06

📊 Exploring Presentation Modes and Case Studies

The final paragraph discusses the use of presentation modes and case studies within the software. It explains how to create a one-line view for different scenarios and how to add new case studies to the single line diagram for various analyses like load flow or short circuit analysis. The video highlights the project view's ability to create static cases and perform load flow analysis, showcasing the flexibility of the software in handling different electrical system configurations and analyses.

Keywords

💡Single Line Diagram

A single line diagram is a simplified representation of an electrical system, used to illustrate the connections between various components such as generators, transformers, and transmission lines. In the video, the host discusses how to add ratings and specifications to these components within the diagram, which is crucial for understanding the system's capabilities and limitations.

💡Generator

A generator is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. In the context of the video, the host explains how to add a generator symbol to the single line diagram and how to define its characteristics, such as being a swing generator, which typically refers to the largest generator in a power system that provides the system's frequency reference.

💡Bus

In electrical systems, a bus is a common connection point for multiple electrical components. The video script mentions assigning bus numbers to different components, which helps in organizing and understanding the flow of electricity within the system.

💡Ratings

Ratings refer to the maximum values that electrical components can handle, such as voltage or current. The video explains how to input these ratings for various components like generators and transformers, which is essential for ensuring the system operates within safe limits.

💡Transmission Line

A transmission line is used to transmit electrical energy from one point to another. The script describes the process of adding transmission lines to the diagram and specifying their parameters, such as length and type of conductor, which are vital for analyzing the system's performance.

💡Nominal Voltage

Nominal voltage is the voltage at which a device or system is designed to operate under normal conditions. The video mentions setting the nominal voltage for different components, which is important for matching the system's design specifications.

💡Short Circuit

A short circuit occurs when an unintended low-resistance path is created in an electrical circuit. The video discusses entering short circuit ratings for components, which is a critical safety consideration in electrical system design.

💡Transformer

A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled coils. The script includes instructions on how to add transformer details to the diagram, including its type and ratings, which are key to understanding how it will function within the system.

💡Power Factor

Power factor is a measure of how effectively electrical power is being used. The video script includes setting power factors for loads, which is important for calculating the real power in the system and ensuring efficient operation.

💡Load

In electrical systems, a load refers to the demand for electricity by devices or appliances. The video explains how to define loads, including their power ratings and power factors, which is essential for load flow analysis and ensuring the system meets the demand.

💡Case Study

A case study is a detailed analysis of a specific situation or system. The video mentions creating different case studies using the same single line diagram, which allows for various scenarios to be analyzed, such as different load conditions or system configurations.

Highlights

Introduction to adding ratings to components in an electrical single line diagram.

Adding a system symbol generator to the diagram.

Rotating the generator symbol for correct orientation.

Defining the properties of the utility grid, including name and connection to the bus.

Selecting the mode of the utility grid, such as swing or voltage control.

Setting the ratings for the utility grid, including kilovolt and balance.

Entering short circuit ratings and X over R values for the utility grid.

Editing the transmission line properties, including name, bus connections, and length.

Choosing the conductor type and parameters for the transmission line.

Configuring the transmission line's physical layout, such as horizontal or vertical.

Selecting the transformer's specifications and settings, including primary and secondary voltages.

Entering impedance values and choosing typical values for the transformer.

Configuring the cable properties, such as length and conductor type.

Setting the load values, including megawatt and power factor.

Adding the generator's ratings and operation mode to the diagram.

Using the presentation toolbar to manage and filter cables in the diagram.

Creating new case studies and load flow analyses using the single line diagram.

Conclusion of the tutorial on adding ratings to elements in ETAP program.

Transcripts

hey in this video we would like to

uh discuss how to add the ratings of the

components

inside our electrical uh la single line

diagram

okay so first i would like to add to

this

system symbol generator okay

so where can we find a generator from

this elements you will find the

generator here

this one okay click on it and

put it here now if i would like to put

it like this to the other side

then select it right click

and rotate rotate a

180 degree okay so now

go like this move this and

move this and you now have the point

here

okay so now we have a generator we have

our network

and etc now i would like to put

the definition for each of these

components

so going to the grid double click on the

grid

you will find here the name of the grid

here you will find

u1 which is the name of the utility grid

u1 and it's connected to which bus

bus number one here okay

so you can choose what bus it is

connected to but here it's connected to

bus number one

so i will leave it as it is and you can

see it is a three-phase of course

you can choose here the mood of the

uh the utility grid it is

a swing or a voltage control or a mega

bar or

power factor control or whatever

whatever it is according to your

configuration

uh or the type of the generator used

uh the function of the generator we will

choose

what of this okay usually the

largest generator in the power system is

added as a swing generator okay

so the utility here is selected as a

swing

function okay now second single would

like to go to the

ratings okay so what is that

a kilovolt for example we will make it

110 kilovolt

okay rated kilovolt 110 and is it

balanced or unbalanced

it is balance it okay

now we will go to the short circuit

you will find here that short searching

for the utility

all of these values which we are putting

inside any of these elements

you should know from the actual power

system you are doing the study on

okay so according to the power system

you are working you will know

what is the values of the utility what

is the values of cable transmission

lines

transformers and etc so we are assuming

the values

in this video okay so what is the type

of the grounding is it

a store grounded or it is a delta for

example

okay what we will choose a store

grounded okay

now what is the short circuit rating for

example this is according to the utility

we will assume

1000 okay

what's the x over r we can assume at 7

for example

okay again these values are from

according to the grid itself

okay then click on ok so now we will see

that 1000 mega volt

ampere as a short circuit and now the

bus number one is now 110

kilovolt it takes the value

automatically because it's connected to

the grid which we already identified

okay now going to transmission line

double click on this element so we have

the transmission line

and it's called the line number one this

is the name of the line

and you'll find this from n2 from pass

number one which is this bus

and two bus number two which is 110 kilo

volt

remember that the 110 is the

nominal voltage okay i

assume that you know of course what is a

nominal voltage you mean

okay now uh you will find here the

length

what is the length of your own

transmission line for example i will

assume i

five kilometer okay and what is that

tolerance for this line whatever it is

for example two percent

okay any value okay

now another thing we will go to the

parameter

okay you will find here the type of the

conductor

used in transmitting the electrical

power

and of course the conductor type is it

copper or aluminium

okay the conductor library if we click

on this one will give you

the in which you can select the type of

the conductor used

and here the ground wire library and

here

the conductor wire library okay this is

of course

related to the ground wire and this one

is related to the

conductor wire conductor which carries

the

electrical power now click on the

conductor light

so you can see here we can select our

conductor and you'll see that in the

metric

uh system we have a frequency of 50

hertz and the conductor type can be

selected from this menu we have a

different

types of conductor for that transmission

system

okay now what if i change the unit

system to english

in english they use that frequency of 60

hertz

okay so as you know that some countries

use a 50 hertz

system other countries using the 60

hertz

system and you'll see that in the metric

uh sources of the cables and

the different size okay and if you

choose the english

which have a second theories you will

find here the conductor type available

and different cables with the different

codes and sizes you will find here's a

size

and the strings okay so as an example

we will choose tnd book okay

now second thing let's see what size we

can choose

for example this one okay

okay then what we will click on okay

so now we selected our conductor now we

will choose that ground wire

so uh we said we are going to use the

english and the conductor type

a w okay what

what category we are going to use we are

going to use this one

and what size we are going to use lets

see okay this size is acceptable okay

now what is the next step now we

selected the

conductor library we selected the ground

wire library now we need to identify

the configuration for the transmission

line

so going to the configuration you will

find here the configuration time is it

horizontal vertical

triangular like this the cables

are in this or horizontal

okay or what is the type of it

okay for for assumption we will use the

horizontal type okay now we will choose

the height of the cables okay so we

assume that the height

will be a 30 okay

and as a spacing between the conductors

for example two

okay between a and b two you will see

that the values

are obtained automatically here gmt

obtained automatically

number of the ground wires we will

choose one ground wire

okay what is the height of this ground

wire

from the cable okay

from a here as you see this cg

the distance between the groundwater and

a we will assume

for example four

okay if the conductors are transposed we

will

click on this one and use that

separation

okay or conductors purpose all of these

values

depending on the configuration of the

system you have

okay now click on ok

now what is the next step we need to

identify

our transformer double click this is the

name of the transformer

connected to pas2 and the bus three pass

two and the bus three okay

which standard are you working with nc

or iec

i am choosing iec what is the condition

is it

in or out it is in we are using it right

now it is in service

okay what is that type of the transfer

is it a shell type

core type or what is its type okay

whatever it is you have you will put it

here

okay going to the rating of the

transformers the primary

it is a step down transformer from 110

kilo volt to 11 kilowatt

okay okay

now what is the power rating of the

transformer

here power rating in mega volt ampere we

will choose 12.5

okay so find here fla which is a full

load and bear or for load current

is 65.61 according to

this value this is of course at

the high the low current is at the

primary and the high current is at

the secondary okay or in the low voltage

in the high voltage

okay

now go to the impedance you will find

here

the values of the impedance for the

transformers are positive

x over r ratio and etc okay and zero

sequence

so what we can do here is that if i

don't know

these values we can click on typical

z and x over r so the program will

automatically put

values according to this and the null

load test

data used for unbalanced load flow only

you can also choose typical value okay

you can see also here that tabbing of

the transformer

does it have a voltage regulator you can

put its data

does it have a fixed tab what is that

tapping here inside the transformer you

can also add it here

then click on okay now confusing

possibly now 11 kilo volt

and we have here the cable and load

let's edit

them double click on the cable

then first thing we will need to

identify the lens for example i will

choose 10 feet

okay 10 feet okay

now we need to identify our cable you

will see that here

our cable from pass three to pass four

okay number of conductors the purpose we

can

choose it as would like how many

conductors for each phase

now if i would like to choose the type

of the conductor from the library

click on it now let's see

what a type of conductor would be

suitable for

us okay this of course according to the

actual value

we are not designing here we are

drawing the single line diagram and

adding values which we already know

in order to do that analysis for

our system such as short circuit voltage

drop and

etc and load flow of course so for

example i'm going to choose

which one which one

okay we can choose this one for example

okay the 60 hertz

uh copper and 15 kilovolt since our

voltage here 11

so we choose at 15 kilovolt now go

here to the sizing okay to the

sizing we can

choose the um this one

okay now another thing we will choose

one

okay we will choose one

62 and okay and another okay

go now to the lumbed load okay

the name and the pass connected to it

connected to

bus number four okay

now uh the second thing we would like to

do

is that going to the nameplate and

identify

is the values for the um

lumbed load itself okay so as an example

we can choose our lumbed load as

uh 2 megawatt okay i would like 2

megawatt

so here we can place 2 megawatt

okay and we need some power factor to be

nine seven okay for example nine

seven okay nine seven

okay and make this one two

so here the power factor and the 2

megawatt which is the

load which you are using okay

and we'll see that here the kilovolt is

11 kilovolt okay

now go to another cable

okay this is also would be similar to

the previous cable for example we'll

choose

uh instead of five feet or ten feet we

will choose

15 feet okay 15

okay of course all of these values are

according to the real situation

okay library

we will choose the same type of cable

which is a three four

this one okay and 262

this one okay another okay

another thing this is our cable now our

load

we will choose for example um

let's make it a three megawatt

nameplate um three megawatt and

mind for a perfecto mind four

and three megawatt

ninety four power factor

okay and streaming god

okay

okay now the last thing we would like to

select our generator okay our generate

double click connected to bus number

three

and the operation mode here now we

selected the swing which is only one

in our system which is our grid we

select it as a swing

now this generator will be a bv

generator or a voltage control generator

okay okay ratings

uh what is that reading for this one

for example at three megawatt this is a

rating for

the generator okay

now you can choose of course that design

and the normal megawatt okay now for

example i will make it

one megawatt a one megawatt

okay and you can see here the

mega volt limit so we can choose it

according to

the capability curve okay

this is of course according to the data

you have

about your own uh generator

now another thing you will find here the

values of xd xd dash

execute all of these values which are

representing the modeling of our

generator we can add it if we already

know or use that typical data

okay another thing you can choose the

excitator type for this generator

okay according to what you already know

and the generator type steam

hydro diesel or whatever it is and the

rotor is it a rounded or resilient

for example we have a different options

according to what you already know okay

let's click on ok

now you can double click on the network

and

add the values for the cable and for the

lambda

or which is similar to what we already

did

or we can simply uh delete it

okay we can delete it because we don't

already

uh need it of anything okay double click

delete okay so this is a

single line diagram and we already

bought the values of

every element we have now last thing

before going to this

to the end of this video we have another

thing

the presentation

toolbar this one what's the benefit of

it

now we will see here cable manager click

on it

you will see the data of all of the

cable used

cable one and one slash one which is

this one cable one cable one slash one

okay and you will find here is a

conductor purpose

conductor pair each cable

the code of the cable itself the size

in millimeter square the lens all of the

information you would need

and the installation okay you can also

the cable ac dc what is this the benefit

in order to

uh we use this one in order to filter

our cables if we have a large number of

cables

and of course i need for example adc

if i click here it will show only dc

cables

if i click here it will show ac cables

if i would like kilo volt for example

um okay less than one okay

they we have here uh

from 1 to 30 okay for example if i

make this 1 16 so it will show all

cables from 16 to 30

but like this cables gone

but if we choose for example f14

cables are back like this so what is

this this is a filter

okay in order to filter what kilovolt

cable you would like to have and uh

ac dc a single phase or three phase and

etc

okay now another thing

uh we have here this one is a new

presentation what does this do

this would make this one

and another one line view okay for

example from oliv1 to all

ev2 click ok

you will see what happens here

or eliv 2 what is olev 2 this

is a second single line diagram

so what is the benefit of having another

presentation is that

you can go and do another

case study for example okay if we select

this load flow analysis you can see here

we can add

another case study with the same single

line diagram

but we will do another different case

study

and the case study means that we are

doing a lot flow analysis or short

circuit analysis and

etc this one is our project

view will give you the option in order

to do a

static cases for example if i would like

a load flow

like this right click and create a new

load flow double click and

okay okay this will create another

load flow analysis okay

so in this video we learned how to add

the ratings of the

elements in eta program and

we learned about the presentation

toolbar