ANTOINE DE SAINT-EXUPÉRY | La vida y la MISTERIOSA DESAPARICIÓN del autor de EL PRINCIPITO
Summary
TLDREl guion narra la vida de Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, un aviador francés y escritor conocido por 'El Principito'. Nació en Lyon en 1900, y su pasión por el vuelo se manifestó desde los 12 años. Experiencio varios accidentes de avión, lo que influenció sus obras. Durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, desapareció misteriosamente mientras realizaba una misión de reconocimiento. Su legado, especialmente 'El Principito', sigue vivo y es el libro más traducido en francés, con más de 140 millones de copias vendidas en todo el mundo.
Takeaways
- 📚 Antoine de Saint-Exupéry fue un aviador francés y escritor conocido por su obra 'El Principito', que desapareció misteriosamente durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial.
- 🌟 'El Principito' es el libro más leído y traducido en francés, con más de 140 millones de copias vendidas en todo el mundo desde su publicación en 1943.
- 🏰 Nació en Lyon en 1900 en una familia aristocrática y pasó su infancia entre castillos, con una educación marcada por su aya Paula Hentschel.
- 👦 A los 12 años, Saint-Exupéry mostró interés por los aviones y visitó el aeródromo de Ambérieu-en-Bugey, donde hizo su primer vuelo.
- 🎓 No destacaba académicamente y fue considerado soñador y desdisciplinado, pero siempre estuvo interesado en la aventura.
- 🛫 Logró obtener su licencia de piloto civil y militar, y trabajó como piloto para la compañía aérea Latécoére, luego Aéropostale.
- 📖 Publicó su primera historia 'El Aviador' en 1926, inspirada en sus experiencias como piloto.
- 💍 Se casó con la escritora y artista Consuelo Suncín en 1931, y aunque su matrimonio fue tumultuoso, ella podría ser la inspiración detrás de la rosa del 'El Principito'.
- ✈️ Experimentó varios accidentes de avión, incluyendo uno en el desierto libio que lo dejó varado durante tres días sin comida ni agua.
- 🏆 Su novela 'Tierra de Hombres', basada en su experiencia en el desierto, le valió el premio de la Academia Francesa en 1939.
- 🌍 Durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, Saint-Exupéry voló misiones de reconocimiento y fue galardonado con la Cruz de Guerra, pero finalmente desapareció en 1944 durante una misión en el Mediterráneo.
Q & A
¿Quién fue Antoine de Saint-Exupéry y qué es su obra más conocida?
-Antoine de Saint-Exupéry fue un aviador y escritor francés, conocido principalmente por su obra 'El Principito', que es el libro más leído y traducido en francés de la historia.
¿Cuántas copias de 'El Principito' se han vendido desde su publicación en 1943?
-Desde su publicación, se han vendido más de 140 millones de copias de 'El Principito' en todo el mundo.
¿Qué sucedió con Antoine de Saint-Exupéry después de la publicación de 'El Principito'?
-Antoine de Saint-Exupéry desapareció misteriosamente mientras volaba sobre el Mediterráneo en una misión de reconocimiento durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, apenas un año después de la publicación de 'El Principito'.
¿En qué año y ciudad nació Antoine de Saint-Exupéry y de qué familia provenía?
-Antoine de Saint-Exupéry nació en Lyon en 1900, procedente de una familia aristocrática.
¿Qué papel jugó Paula Hentschel en la vida de Antoine de Saint-Exupéry durante su infancia?
-Paula Hentschel, la institutriz de Antoine, jugó un papel muy importante en su crianza, viviendo con él y sus cuatro hermanos hasta que alcanzaron la edad adulta.
¿Cómo se interesó Antoine de Saint-Exupéry por los aviones desde joven y cuándo tuvo su primer vuelo?
-Antoine se interesó por los aviones desde los 12 años, en 1912, y durante sus vacaciones de verano visitaba el aeródromo de Ambérieu-en-Bugey. Su primer vuelo fue gracias a que convenció a un piloto llamado Gabriel Salvez de que su madre le había dado permiso para volar.
¿Qué desafíos enfrentó Antoine de Saint-Exupéry para convertirse en piloto militar y cuándo obtuvo su licencia de piloto militar?
-Antoine de Saint-Exupéry enfrentó varios desafíos, incluyendo fracasar en el examen oral para entrar a la escuela naval tres veces. Finalmente, obtuvo su licencia de piloto militar en 1921 en el 37º Regimiento Marroquí en Casablanca.
¿Cómo se relaciona la obra 'Vol de Nuit' con la vida y experiencias de Saint-Exupéry como piloto?
-'Vol de Nuit', publicada en 1931, es una narrativa que poéticamente evoca el trabajo de los valientes pilotos que enfrentaron tormentas y peligros volando sobre vastas tierras inexploradas en aviones primitivos, basada en las experiencias y emociones de Saint-Exupéry como piloto.
¿Quién era Consuelo Suncín y cómo se relacionó con Saint-Exupéry?
-Consuelo Suncín era una escritora y artista salvadoreña, de familia acomodada, que se casó con Saint-Exupéry en 1931. A pesar de una vida bohemia y múltiples amantes de su parte, su relación duró trece años hasta la muerte de Saint-Exupéry.
¿Cómo se inspiró la rosa del 'El Principito' y qué simboliza según la teoría?
-Según una teoría, la rosa del 'El Principito' simboliza a Consuelo Suncín, la esposa de Saint-Exupéry, una rosa con la que el protagonista tiene desacuerdos, coqueta y vanidosa, y que tose... al igual que Consuelo, que era asmática.
¿Qué misión tenía Saint-Exupéry el día de su desaparición y cuál fue su destino final?
-El 31 de julio de 1944, Saint-Exupéry partió en una misión para recopilar información sobre el movimiento de tropas alemanas en el Valle del Ródano para preparar la Operación Dragón. Nunca más se le escuchó, y su destino final sigue siendo un misterio.
¿Qué hallazgos se han hecho relacionados con el desaparecido de Saint-Exupéry y cómo ha sido el debate sobre su causa de muerte?
-Se han encontrado restos del avión de Saint-Exupéry en el lecho marino y un brazalete identificativo suyo. A lo largo de los años, se han presentado varias teorías sobre su muerte, incluyendo que fue derribado por un piloto alemán, sufrió un fallo mecánico, se estrelló debido a su pobre condición física o incluso que pudo ser suicidio, pero ninguna ha sido confirmada definitivamente.
¿Qué legado ha dejado Antoine de Saint-Exupéry y cómo sigue su obra hasta el día de hoy?
-El legado de Antoine de Saint-Exupéry vive en sus inmortales obras, que siguen siendo tan relevantes hoy en día como lo fueron hace 80 años, influyendo en la vida de sus lectores y manteniendo su memoria viva.
Outlines
📚 La vida y desaparición de Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
El primer párrafo introduce a Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, un aviador francés y escritor conocido por su obra 'El Principito'. Se narra su desaparición misteriosa en 1944 durante una misión de reconocimiento en la Segunda Guerra Mundial, justo un año después de la publicación de su libro más vendido y traducido. Se menciona su infancia en Lyon, su fascinación por los aviones desde los 12 años y su trayectoria como piloto, incluyendo sus primeros vuelos y su servicio militar. También se toca su vida académica y su primer accidente aéreo que lo mantuvo alejado del servicio activo.
🛫 La pasión por el vuelo y la carrera literaria de Saint-Exupéry
Este párrafo detalla el retorno de Saint-Exupéry a su pasión por el vuelo tras un periodo de desempleo, y cómo se convirtió en piloto para la compañía de correos aéreo Latécoére, más tarde Aéropostale. Se narra su trayectoria como estacionero en Cabo Juby y cómo su soledad en el desierto de África inspiró su primera novela publicada, 'Correo del Sur'. Además, se menciona su experiencia en Sudamérica, donde desarrolló rutas aéreas y publicó 'Vuelo Nocturno', y su encuentro con Consuelo Suncín, quien más tarde se convertiría en su esposa.
🌹 'El Principito' y la vida amorosa de Saint-Exupéry
El tercer párrafo explora la relación de Saint-Exupéry con su esposa Consuelo y cómo su dinámica matrimonial, marcada por la infidelidad y la separación, podría reflejarse en la historia de 'El Principito'. Se analiza la teoría de que la rosa del libro, con sus contradicciones y vanidades, representa a Consuelo, quien también tenía problemas de salud similares. Además, se menciona el compromiso de Saint-Exupéry con la escritura y su trabajo como reportero, incluyendo su experiencia en la Guerra Civil Española y su crash en el desierto libio.
🛩 La Segunda Guerra Mundial y la desaparición de Saint-Exupéry
El cuarto y último párrafo narra la participación de Saint-Exupéry en la Segunda Guerra Mundial como capitán de la Air Force y su traslado a Nueva York después de la rendición de Francia. Se describe su esfuerzo por involucrar a los estadounidenses en la guerra, su estancia en Nueva York y la creación de 'El Principito'. También se detalla su regreso al servicio activo y su desaparición en 1944 durante una misión de reconocimiento. Se mencionan las teorías sobre su desaparición, incluyendo la posibilidad de suicidio, y los hallazgos posteriores de su pulsera y restos del avión en el mar. El párrafo concluye con la continua intriga sobre su final y el legado de su obra.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
💡El Principito
💡Desaparición
💡Aviador
💡Primera Guerra Mundial
💡Misterio
💡Reconquista de la Provenza
💡Consuelo Suncín
💡Aviación comercial
💡Crash
💡Legado
Highlights
Antoine de Saint-Exupéry fue un aviador francés y escritor conocido por su obra 'El Principito', que desapareció misteriosamente mientras volaba sobre el Mediterráneo.
'El Principito' es el libro más leído y traducido en francés, con más de 140 millones de copias vendidas en todo el mundo.
Saint-Exupéry nació en Lyon en 1900 en una familia aristocrática y sufrió la pérdida de su padre a los cuatro años.
Desde los 12 años, Saint-Exupéry mostró fascinación por los aviones y visitaba el aeródromo de Ambérieu-en-Bugey.
Después de varios fracasos, Saint-Exupéry logró entrar a la escuela naval y más tarde a la de aviación militar.
Trabaja como piloto para la compañía de correos aéreos Latécoére y luego como estacionero jefe en Cabo Juby, Marruecos.
Publicó su primera novela 'Correo del Sur', inspirada en sus experiencias como piloto.
En 1929, Saint-Exupéry viaja a Sudamérica para desarrollar rutas de Aéropostale y publica 'Vuelo Nocturno'.
Conoce a Consuelo Suncín, una escritora y artista salvadoreña, y se casan en 1931.
Durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, Saint-Exupéry se une al ejército francés como capitán y recibe la Cruz de Guerra.
En 1940, se muda a Nueva York y se involucra en esfuerzos para convencer a los estadounidenses de unirse a la guerra.
Saint-Exupéry entrega el manuscrito de 'El Principito' a su amante Sylvia Hamilton antes de unirse a las fuerzas aliadas en Argelia.
Después de su muerte, 'El Principito' se publica en Francia en 1946 y se traduce a varios idiomas.
Saint-Exupéry desaparece el 31 de julio de 1944 mientras realiza una misión de reconocimiento en un P-38 Lightning.
En 1998, se encuentra una pulsera de identificación de Saint-Exupéry y en 2000, se descubren los restos de su avión en el lecho marino.
A pesar de varias teorías, el destino final de Saint-Exupéry sigue siendo un misterio.
La obra de Saint-Exupéry y 'El Principito' siguen siendo populares y relevantes hoy en día.
Transcripts
Welcome, curious minds! Do you know the true story of Antoine de Saint-Exupéry,
the French aviator and writer who wrote 'The Little Prince' and mysteriously disappeared
while flying over the Mediterranean?
Who does not know 'The Little Prince', the most read and most translated book written in French in
history? Since it was published in 1943, more than 140 million copies have been sold
worldwide. Unfortunately, its author, the French aviator Antoine de Saint-Exupéry,
did not know of the success that the work would reap: he disappeared just a year
later, after taking off from Corsica on a reconnaissance mission, within the framework of
World War II . World. In tribute to his literary work, throughout this video
we will show you some of his most famous phrases.
Antoine de Saint-Exupéry was born in Lyon in 1900, into an aristocratic family.
He lived a happy childhood with his four brothers, but when he was only four years old he suffered
the misfortune of losing his father, the victim of a cerebral hemorrhage. In Antoine's upbringing
, his governess, the Austrian Paula Hentschel, played a very important role. She
lived with the five siblings until they were adults. Antoine spent his early
years living in castles, such as La Môle, which was owned by his maternal grandmother,
or Saint-Maurice-de-Rémens, which belonged to his aunt. He first studied with the
Brothers of the Christian Schools, in Lyon, and later, when the family moved
to Le Mans, he continued his studies at the Jesuit college of Notre-Dame-de-Sainte-Croix. He never
excelled in studies, and his teachers considered him dreamy and undisciplined.
And it is that Antoine was interested in adventure. Since he was 12 years old, back
in 1912, he was fascinated by airplanes, and on his summer vacations he used to go by
bicycle to visit the Ambérieu-en-Bugey aerodrome, a town near Lyon. There he questioned
the mechanics about the operation of those primitive aircraft. He managed
to convince a pilot named Gabriel Salvez that his mother, Marie, had given him permission
to fly, and thus he managed to take to the skies for the first time.
When the First World War broke out, his mother was appointed head nurse at the
Ambérieu-en-Bugey military hospital and, the following year, in 1915, she sent Antoine and another of her sons,
François, to study at a Marianist school. in Fribourg, Switzerland. Despite
his poor grades, Antoine achieved his baccalaureate degree in 1917; but that same
year, during the summer, his brother François, with whom he was very close and suffered from
joint rheumatism, died of pericarditis. That loss marked his transition to
adult life.
For the next three years he tried to enter the naval school, but on all
three occasions he failed the oral exam. He spent a few years without direction or
life project, writing poems, drawing and accepting various sporadic jobs,
such as being an extra in a performance of the opera 'Quo Vadis'. Until in April
1921 he began his military service, which at that time, in France, lasted two
years. He served in the 2nd Strasbourg Aviation Regiment, as a mechanic, and began
taking civilian flying lessons at his own expense. After obtaining the
civil pilot's license, he was finally able to take the military pilot course; but since
there was no flight school at the Strasbourg base, he had to wait to be assigned to the
37th Moroccan regiment. There, in Casablanca, he obtained his military pilot's license at the end
of 1921.
A year and a half later, already as a second lieutenant in the 34th regiment, in Le
Bourget, he suffered his first plane crash; and it was serious, because he fractured his skull.
As a result of his injury, he was withdrawn from service and a period
of great boredom began for him. He first worked for one company as a production controller
and then for another as a truck salesman. But in a year and a half he only managed to sell
one truck, so he wisely decided to quit. In 1926, finally, he went back to doing
what he was really passionate about: flying. He was hired as a pilot by the
Latécoére airmail company, which would later become Aéropostale. Saint-Exupéry 's job
was to cover the line between Toulouse and Dakar, passing through
Barcelona, Malaga and Tetouan. At that time he saw his story published for the first time.
It was entitled 'The Aviator', was based on his own experiences and appeared in the
April 1926 issue of the French magazine 'Le Navire d'argent', of which the writer
Jean Prévost, a friend of his, was the editorial secretary.
At the end of 1927 he was appointed station chief at Cape Juby, in Morocco, with the task
of smoothing relations with the natives and the Spanish. There, surrounded by solitude
and desert, he wrote 'Correo del Sur', his first published novel, which was published in
1929. That work, as you can imagine, was also inspired by his work and
his emotions as a pilot.
Already in 1929 he went to South America, with the task of developing the Aéropostale lines
and making them reach Patagonia as director of the company Aeroposta Argentina,
a subsidiary of Aéropostale. During his stay of a couple of years in Argentina, Saint-Exupéry
published his second work, 'Night Flight', a long story in which he
poetically evokes the work of those brave pilots who faced storms and dozens
of dangers flying over vast unexplored terrains in planes that had nothing to
do with the current ones. At that time, the slightest mechanical failure could be lethal.
While in Buenos Aires, Saint-Exupéry met the Salvadoran writer and artist Consuelo
Suncín, who came from a family of wealthy landowners and was a highly intelligent woman.
Consuelo, who was 30 years old, one year younger than Saint-Exupéry, had married for the first
time in the United States at 21, just after coming of age, with a young man
of Mexican origin who worked as a clerk in a grocery store. paintings. That marriage
did not last long, and Consuelo remarried, this time to a Guatemalan diplomat and writer
named Enrique Gómez Carrillo, almost thirty years her senior. Unfortunately, Carrillo
died of a stroke just a few months after the wedding. And Consuelo, a widow at
only 25 years old and with a significant fortune, went to live in Buenos Aires, where,
as we have mentioned, she met Saint-Exupéry, whom she married in 1931, in Nice. They had
gone to France because, at the time, the Aéropostale company was going
bankrupt.
The marriage, which did not have children, would last thirteen years, until the death of Saint-Exupéry,
despite the bohemian life and his multiple lovers. In her memoirs, Consuelo
stated that her husband was a selfish, childish, cruel and unfaithful man. But, although
sometimes they distanced themselves, and their relationship was stormy when they were together, there is
a theory that the famous rose that the protagonist of 'The Little Prince' cares for on his planet
represents Consuelo. A rose with which he has disagreements, which is flirtatious and vain,
and on top of that he coughs... Just like Consuelo, who was asthmatic.
The little prince decides to get away from her and fly to other places, but when the Little Prince
arrives on Earth and sees a field of roses, the supposed symbol of Saint-Exupéry's lovers,
the character despises them, stating that his rose is special, because she is the
one he really loves, the one he has been taking care of, because she is his rose. In the book,
the Little Prince regrets abandoning his rose and states: “I didn't understand
anything then! I should have judged her by her actions and not by her words. The flower perfumed
and illuminated my life and I should never have run away from there! I didn't know how to guess the tenderness that hid
her poor tricks! The flowers are so contradictory! But I was too young to
know how to love her."
Beginning in 1932, Saint-Exupéry devoted himself entirely to writing and journalism.
As a reporter for the 'Paris-Soir' newspaper, he traveled to Vietnam and Moscow, and also to
Spain, in 1936, to cover the Civil War, where he witnessed horrors that influenced
his reflections on the human condition. A year earlier, in 1935, he crashed in the
Libyan desert while trying to break the record of flying from Paris to Saigon
in less than 3 days and 15 hours. He was flying accompanied by his mechanic, André Prévot. Saint-Exupéry
descended to try to get his bearings and crashed into a rocky plateau. Although
both were unharmed, they wandered for three days in the desert, without food or water,
until they were miraculously rescued. That harsh experience led him to write
the novel 'Land of Men', published in 1939 and which was awarded the prize of
the French Academy. A few years after that accident, in 1938, Saint-Exupéry
crashed again, this time in Guatemala, and due to a simple misunderstanding: the Frenchman
had indicated the amount of fuel with which they should fill the
plane's tanks in liters and he had given it to him. they had been served in gallons, so it carried more than four
times the desired weight, an overload that proved fatal.
When World War II began, he joined the ranks as a captain in the
Air Force. He was first a flight instructor in the 101 Air Battalion, but was soon
transferred to a reconnaissance squadron. On May 23, while German tanks were
overrunning the city of Arras, his plane, a Bloch 174, was riddled with enemy anti-aircraft fire
. Despite this, he managed to return to his base with the crew unharmed, and received
the Croix de Guerre as a prize. That action would inspire his book 'War Pilot', published
in 1942.
A few months after the French surrender, Saint-Exupéry went to New York, where
he settled at the end of 1940, helped by his literary agents. There, he was part
of various efforts to persuade Americans to enter the
war, something that did not happen until the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor
a year later
. In the spring of 1943, Saint-Exupéry went to the New York apartment where
one of his mistresses, the journalist Sylvia Hamilton, who did not speak French, was staying and handed her a
paper bag. Inside, was the manuscript of 'The Little Prince'. The writer
had decided to go to Algiers to join the Allied forces and told Hamilton:
"I wish I had something wonderful to give you, but this is all I have."
A few days later the first edition, in English and
French, went on sale in the United States (although it was not published in France until 1946, two years after his death).
Saint-Exupéry took with him a copy in French, which he always carried with him and
used to frequently show it to his fellow soldiers. He only lent it if it was returned to him
within 24 hours and with comments. When, in the autumn, his publishers gave him the first
sales data, he saw that they were lower figures than his works used to reach: “alone”,
in quotes, they had placed 30,000 copies in English and 7,000 in French.
Saint-Exupéry wanted to participate in the war as a pilot, and, with the rank of commander, he
was assigned to a squadron of P-38 Lightning fighters. He participated in a couple of
reconnaissance missions, but in the second he destroyed his plane due to an engine failure and,
together with the pain he suffered from his multiple old fractures and added to the fact that he was
older than the most other pilots, grounded him for
many months.
Finally, the American command reinstated him to flight missions and on July 31, 1944,
at 8:25 in the morning, he took off from an air base in Corsica piloting an unarmed P-38
. With a flight autonomy of 6 hours, its mission was to collect
information on the movements of German troops in the Rhone Valley in
order to prepare for Operation Dragoon, the Allied landing in the south of France.
never heard from him again. He was 44 years old. The mystery of what happened to him
has endured since 1944, with various theories successively gaining strength and losing it.
Was it shot down by a German pilot? Did you have a mechanical breakdown? Did he crash because of
his poor physical condition? In the opinion of aviation historian Bernard Mark, it may even have been due
to suicide; but many think that taking one's own life did not fit with the
writer's philosophy of life. In 1998, a Marseille fisherman named Jean-Claude Bianco found in his
nets a silver identification bracelet on which Antoine de Saint-Exupéry 's name was engraved
, as well as that of Consuelo, his wife, and the address of his publishers.
from New York. Two years later, in the year 2000, another Marseille, the professional diver
Luc Vanrell, found the remains of Saint-Exupéry's plane scattered on the seabed, east of the island of Riou
. After years of negotiations with the French government to
obtain authorization, the Aéro-ReLIC association brought the remains to the surface, which were
officially identified in September 2003 as those of the Saint-Exupéry plane. No
bullet holes were found in them, but since they only made up a small part of the plane,
it cannot be said that it was not shot down.
Over the decades, a couple of testimonies have come to light from German pilots
who claimed to have shot down a P-38 in the area, but one of them was dismissed as
false and there is no evidence to corroborate or disprove the other. .
In the 1990s, the old testimony of a woman who lived in the town
of Carqueiranne, named Simone Boudet, was known, and that on the day of Saint-Exupéry's last flight
she would have seen the P-38 crash. A few days later, the sea washed up
the body of a soldier, who was buried anonymously in the local cemetery.
So far, Saint-Exupéry's relatives have refused to allow the body to be exhumed
for a DNA test, and it is also not certain that a
viable sample could be obtained from his presumed remains to carry out the test due to the state of conservation.
of these after spending several days at sea and having been buried for almost 80 years.
The mystery, therefore, continues to surround the end of his life, but the legacy of Antoine
de Saint-Exupéry, his immortal works, are still as alive today as they were 80 years ago.
And you? What do you think of the story of Saint-Exupéry? What about 'The Little Prince'?
Have you read it? I would like you to tell us below, in the comments. And
if you want to know more interesting stories, subscribe to our channel. Thank you so much
for being there, curious minds! See you in the next video!
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