Piagam Jakarta: Debat Abadi Dasar Negara | Buka Data

Narasi Newsroom

4 Jul 202007:27

Summary

TLDRThe script delves into the historical intricacies of Indonesia's foundational principles, focusing on the debates surrounding Pancasila and the Jakarta Charter. It highlights the pivotal role of Soekarno and Hatta in shaping the nation's ideology, the controversy over the first principle of the state, and the significant amendments made during the PPKI meetings. The narrative also touches on the attempt to refine the constitution in the 1950s and the ultimate decision to uphold the 1945 Constitution, emphasizing the unification of the diverse Indonesian people under a single guiding principle.

Takeaways

📜 The script discusses the historical context of the Indonesian state ideology, Pancasila, and its formulation during the drafting of the HIV law, referencing historical speeches and debates.
🗣️ It mentions the importance of Soekarno's speech on June 1, 1945, and its connection to the final formulation of Pancasila on August 18, 1945, highlighting the ideological debates that took place during the nation's founding.
🤝 The script refers to the 'Piagam Jakarta' as a result of a compromise between secular nationalists and Islamic nationalists, indicating the initial formulation of the state's foundational principles.
🔊 Controversies arose over the first principle of the 'Piagam Jakarta', with religious representatives expressing concerns about its implications for their respective faiths and traditional laws.
🏠 The script describes a meeting at Soekarno's house on June 22, 1945, where a small committee drafted the opening of the constitution, known as 'Piagam Jakarta', which was a significant step in the nation's ideological foundation.
🔄 Despite initial resistance, the first principle of 'Piagam Jakarta' was upheld after discussions and was later changed to 'Ketuhanan yang maha esa' during the PPKI meeting, reflecting a significant amendment known as 'Hatta's change'.
📝 The script outlines the ongoing debates and attempts to perfect the constitution, with the 'Piagam Bandung' being proposed as a compromise to recognize 'Piagam Jakarta' as a historical document influencing the 1945 Constitution.
🚫 The script notes the rejection of the 'Piagam Bandung' by Islamic groups and the eventual dissolution of the Constituante by Soekarno through Presidential Decree on July 5, 1959, which established the 1945 Constitution as the definitive law.
🔗 The 'Piagam Jakarta' is mentioned as a vital link that inspired the 1945 Constitution and is considered part of the unity framework with the constitution, despite historical and ideological disputes.
📚 The script reflects on the historical significance of these documents and debates, emphasizing the real events and discussions that shaped the Indonesian state's ideological foundation.

Q & A

What is the historical significance of the date June 1, 1945, in the context of the script?
-June 1, 1945, is significant as it marks the date of Soekarno's historic speech, which is considered foundational to the formulation of the Pancasila, the philosophical foundation of the Indonesian state.
What does the term 'RUU HIV' refer to in the script, and why is it mentioned in relation to Fricella and Eka Cila?
-The term 'RUU HIV' refers to the 'Rancangan Undang-Undang HIV,' or the draft law on HIV in Indonesia. It is mentioned in relation to Fricella and Eka Cila as they are advocating for the inclusion of religious and cultural diversity in the law, referencing historical speeches and the formulation of Pancasila.
What is the connection between the Pancasila and the 'Piagam Jakarta' as discussed in the script?
-The 'Piagam Jakarta' is considered a precursor to the Pancasila. It was a draft of the opening of the constitution formulated during a meeting at Soekarno's house on June 22, 1945, and it influenced the final formulation of the Pancasila on August 18, 1945.
Who were the representatives from the Protestant and Catholic communities, and what was their concern regarding the first principle of the 'Piagam Jakarta'?
-The script does not provide specific names for the representatives from the Protestant and Catholic communities. Their concern was that the first principle of the 'Piagam Jakarta,' which referred to a monotheistic belief, would conflict with their religious beliefs and potentially lead them to stand outside the Republic of Indonesia.
What was the compromise reached during the PPKI meeting on August 18, 1945, regarding the first principle of the state?
-The compromise reached during the PPKI meeting was to change the first principle from 'belief in one God' to 'belief in the one and only God (Ketuhanan yang maha esa),' which was a modification proposed by Wahid Hasyim and accepted by the PPKI to unite all ethnic groups.
Why was the 'Piagam Bandung' offered to the Constituent Assembly by President Soekarno in 1959?
-The 'Piagam Bandung' was offered as a compromise to acknowledge the 'Piagam Jakarta' as a historical document that preceded and influenced the 1945 Constitution. This was an attempt to resolve the ongoing debate on the state's foundation and to incorporate the input of various groups.
What was the role of Teuku Muhammad Hasan, an expert in law from Aceh, in the discussions around the 'Piagam Jakarta'?
-Teuku Muhammad Hasan was invited by Hatta to mediate the debate between Ki Bagus Hadikusumo, a figure from Muhammadiyah, and Wahid Hasyim. His involvement was part of the effort to reach a consensus on the first principle of the state.
What was the significance of the meeting at Soekarno's house on June 22, 1945, and what document was produced there?
-The meeting at Soekarno's house was significant as it led to the drafting of the 'Piagam Jakarta,' which was a preliminary version of the opening of the constitution and served as a basis for the discussions that led to the Pancasila.
What was the final decision regarding the first principle of the state in the 1945 Constitution, and why was it changed?
-The final decision was to change the first principle to 'Ketuhanan yang maha esa' (the one and only God), which was done to accommodate the concerns of religious communities and to foster unity among the diverse ethnic and religious groups in Indonesia.
What was the impact of the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly in 1959 on the discussions about the state's foundation?
-The dissolution of the Constituent Assembly in 1959 by President Soekarno halted the discussions on the state's foundation. The 'Piagam Jakarta' was acknowledged in the decree that reinstated the 1945 Constitution as the country's fundamental law, but the debate on the state's foundation was left unresolved.

Outlines

00:00

📜 Historical Debates on Indonesia's National Ideology

The first paragraph delves into the historical context of Indonesia's struggle to define its national ideology, focusing on the inclusion of religious and cultural elements in the HIV bill. It references the historical speech of Soekarno on June 1, 1945, and the final formulation of the Pancasila on August 18, 1945. The paragraph discusses the ideological debates surrounding the Pancasila, the Jakarta Charter, and the role of various figures in shaping the national philosophy. It highlights the controversy over the first principle of the state, the involvement of religious representatives, and the eventual compromise that led to the change from 'belief in one God' to 'God is great' in the state ideology. This paragraph also touches on the historical significance of the Jakarta Charter and its influence on the formulation of the state's foundational principles.

05:05

🏛 The Evolution of Indonesia's Constitutional Foundations

The second paragraph continues the narrative by discussing the challenges in reaching a consensus on the national foundation during the constitutional drafting process in the 1950s. It mentions the attempt to reconcile different views through the Bandung Charter, which aimed to acknowledge the historical precedence and influence of the Jakarta Charter on the 1945 Constitution. However, the paragraph notes the resistance from Islamic groups and the eventual dissolution of the Constituent Assembly by President Soekarno through Presidential Decree No. 5 of 1959. This decree established the 1945 Constitution as the definitive legal foundation of the state and acknowledged the Jakarta Charter as part of its spirit. The paragraph concludes by reflecting on the historical significance of these events and their impact on the implementation of Islamic law for its followers.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Fricella

Fricella is not explicitly defined in the script, but it appears to be a name or term relevant to the context of the video. It is likely a reference to a person or concept significant in the historical or cultural narrative being discussed. Its relation to the video's theme is unclear without additional context, but it is mentioned alongside other key terms, suggesting it is part of the foundational discussions around the Indonesian state's ideology and principles.

💡Eka Cila

Eka Cila is a term from the Indonesian language, which translates to 'One God' in English. In the context of the video, it is likely referring to the monotheistic principle that is a cornerstone of the Indonesian state's ideology. The script mentions 'Eka Cila' in relation to the historical development of the state's foundational principles, indicating its importance in shaping the religious and philosophical underpinnings of the nation.

💡RUU HIV

RUU HIV stands for 'Rancangan Undang-Undang HIV,' which translates to 'Draft Law on HIV' in English. The script suggests that this draft law is being discussed in the context of broader historical and cultural debates within Indonesia, possibly indicating a connection between public health policy and the country's foundational principles, such as the Pancasila.

💡Pancasila

Pancasila is the official philosophical foundation of the Indonesian state, consisting of five principles that guide the nation's policies and governance. The script refers to Pancasila in the context of historical debates and its formulation, indicating its central role in shaping the country's ideology and legal framework. The term is used to discuss the ideological controversies and the efforts to define the state's foundational principles.

💡BPUPKI

BPUPKI stands for 'Badan Penyelidik Usaha-usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia,' which translates to 'Investigation Body for the Preparation of Indonesian Independence.' The script mentions BPUPKI in the context of the discussions and decisions surrounding the formulation of the Indonesian state's foundational principles, highlighting its role in the country's early political history.

💡Piagam Jakarta

Piagam Jakarta refers to the 'Jakarta Charter,' a document that was part of the discussions leading to the formation of the Indonesian state. The script discusses the Jakarta Charter in the context of its historical significance and the debates surrounding its inclusion in the state's foundational principles, particularly the first principle related to belief in one God.

💡Muhammad Hatta

Muhammad Hatta, also known as 'Hatta,' was a prominent Indonesian nationalist and statesman who played a significant role in the country's independence and early governance. The script mentions Hatta in relation to his interactions with various groups and his role in the discussions about the state's foundational principles, particularly the changes made to the first principle of the Pancasila.

💡Ketuhanan yang maha esa

Ketuhanan yang maha esa translates to 'the belief in one supreme God.' This phrase is a modification of the original first principle of the Pancasila, as discussed in the script. The change from the original 'Eka Cila' to 'Ketuhanan yang maha esa' was a significant point of debate and compromise in the formation of the Indonesian state's foundational principles.

💡Konstituante

Konstituante refers to the constitutional assembly or body responsible for drafting and discussing the constitution of a country. In the script, the Konstituante is mentioned in the context of its role in shaping the new constitution for Indonesia in the 1950s, indicating the ongoing debates and efforts to define the nation's foundational principles.

💡Dekrit Presiden

Dekrit Presiden translates to 'Presidential Decree.' The script refers to a specific Presidential Decree issued by Soekarno that disbanded the Konstituante and established the 1945 Constitution as the fundamental law of the land. This action is a key event in the narrative of the video, illustrating the political dynamics and decisions that shaped the Indonesian state.

💡Syariat Islam

Syariat Islam refers to Islamic law or the legal system based on Islamic principles. The script mentions the obligation to implement Syariat Islam for its adherents, indicating the complex relationship between the state's secular principles and the religious beliefs of its citizens. This term is relevant to the broader theme of religious diversity and governance within the Indonesian state.

Highlights

Introduction of Fricella and Eka Cila into the HIV bill with historical references to Soekarno's speech on June 1, 1945, and the final formulation of Pancasila on August 18, 1945.

Controversy over the ideological foundations of the state, discussing not only who formulated the concept of Pancasila but also the Jakarta Charter.

Historical context of the proclamation of Indonesian independence on the afternoon of August 17, 1945, by Muhammad Hatta.

The visit of Japanese naval representatives and the objections of Protestant and Catholic representatives to the first principle of the state outlined in the opening of the constitution.

Origin of the phrase in the opening of the constitution, traced back to Soekarno's house on June 22, 1945, where a small committee drafted the opening of the constitution.

The drafting of the Jakarta Charter by Muhammad Yamin, influenced by the secular nationalists and Islamic nationalists' struggle for its foundation.

Debate during the second session of the BPUPKI about the first principle of the state in the Jakarta Charter and its potential to disrupt customary law.

The insistence of Soekarno to maintain the phrase in the first principle despite objections from religious figures.

The Jakarta Charter's approval by the BPUPKI and the preservation of the seven words in the first principle.

The significant change made during the PPKI meeting on August 18, where the first principle was amended to 'Ketuhanan yang maha esa' (The One and Only God).

The Hatta amendment, which was crucial for uniting all ethnic groups, despite ongoing polemics.

The intention to perfect the constitution later and the possibility of re-proposing the wishes of the people.

The re-emergence of the debate on the state's foundation during the 1950s in Bandung's Concordia building while drafting a new constitution.

The failure to reach a consensus on the state's foundation during the constitutional convention, leading to a compromise committee representing all parties.

The proposal of two formulations of Pancasila as the state's foundation, neither of which gained the required two-thirds majority.

Soekarno's decision in 1959 to implement guided democracy and revert to the 1945 Constitution.

The offer of the Bandung Charter to the constitutional convention, recognizing the Jakarta Charter as a historical document influencing the 1945 Constitution.

The rejection of the Bandung Charter by Islamic groups and the subsequent dissolution of the constitutional convention by Soekarno's presidential decree.

The establishment of the 1945 Constitution as the basic law and the Jakarta Charter's role in inspiring the UUD 1945.

The historical event of the obligation to implement Islamic law for its followers, despite being a single historical incident.