Grade 9 English Q1 Ep1: Modals 1

Summary

In this educational video, Sir DJ and Dan guide viewers through understanding English street signs and the concept of permission. They introduce auxiliary verbs 'can,' 'may,' 'could,' and 'might' to express permission in different contexts, highlighting their usage in sentences for clarity and politeness. The lesson includes an interactive activity to practice applying these models in various scenarios, emphasizing the importance of respect and formality in communication.

Takeaways

• 📚 The script is an English lesson focused on understanding and using street signs and their meanings.
• 🚫 It highlights the importance of following street signs to avoid reprimands or punishments.
• 🎯 The lesson introduces a game to help learners understand the meanings of various street signs, such as 'No Entry', 'Do Not Litter', 'No Eating or Drinking', and 'No Smoking'.
• 🗣️ The script emphasizes the significance of models (auxiliary verbs) in expressing permission in English.
• 🔑 It explains that models like 'can', 'could', 'may', and 'might' are used to give or ask for permission and have different levels of politeness.
• 👥 The use of 'can' is more common in familiar settings, while 'could' is more formal and polite.
• 📚 The model 'may' is used in very formal situations, such as asking a teacher for permission.
• 📝 The script provides examples of how to use these models in sentences, emphasizing the use of the base form of the verb after the model.
• 🤔 It also mentions 'mind' as a less common but highly polite model for asking permission, often used in formal or respectful contexts.
• 💡 The lesson includes an interactive activity to practice using the models to express permission in various scenarios.
• 👋 The script concludes with an assignment for learners to find models used to express prohibition, setting up for the next lesson's topic.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the English lesson presented in the script?

The main topic of the English lesson is understanding and using modal verbs to express permission in different contexts.

What is the role of Sir DJ and Dan in the script?

Sir DJ and Dan are the English learning buddies who guide the audience through the lesson on modal verbs expressing permission.

Why are street signs important according to the script?

Street signs are important because they send messages, give instructions or information, and are meant to be followed to avoid reprimands or punishments.

What does the script suggest we do with trash to help preserve nature?

The script suggests that we should always throw our trash in the right places, as indicated by the signs, to help preserve nature.

What is the meaning of the term 'pitch' in the context of the script?

In the context of the script, 'pitch' means to throw or to toss, particularly referring to disposing of trash in designated areas.

What are the three modal verbs initially introduced in the script to express permission?

The three modal verbs initially introduced are 'can', 'may', and 'could'.

How is the modal verb 'can' used in the script?

The modal verb 'can' is used to give or ask for permission, typically in a less formal context with people one is familiar with.

What makes the use of 'could' more polite or formal compared to 'can'?

'Could' is more polite or formal because it is used to ask permission in a respectful manner, often when addressing someone not well-acquainted or in a formal setting.

Why is the modal verb 'may' considered the most formal and polite way to ask and give permission?

'May' is considered the most formal and polite because it is used in situations requiring high levels of respect, such as when speaking to a teacher or in a formal setting.

What is the significance of the activity at the end of the script?

The activity at the end of the script is designed to reinforce the understanding of modal verbs expressing permission by having the audience choose the correct modal verb to complete various sentences.

What is the final message from Sir DJ and Dan to the audience?

The final message is to encourage continuous learning and to look forward to the next episode, which will discuss the second function of modal verbs, expressing prohibition.

Outlines

00:00

🚦 Understanding Street Signs and Permissions

The video script introduces a lesson on the importance of street signs and their messages, leading into a discussion about permissions in English. The host, Sir DJ, and Dan, an English learning buddy, engage viewers in a game to interpret various street signs, such as 'No Entry' and 'No Smoking'. The script emphasizes the need to follow these signs to avoid punishment. It transitions into explaining the concept of 'models' or auxiliary verbs in English, which are used to express permission or prohibition, and introduces the model verbs 'can', 'may', and 'could'.

05:02

📚 Auxiliary Verbs for Expressing Permission

This paragraph delves deeper into the use of auxiliary verbs to express permission in English. It provides examples of how 'can' is used to grant or request permission in a casual context, while 'could' is more formal and polite. The script uses dialogues to illustrate these points, such as asking to pet a dog or borrowing a book. It also explains that models do not change form and must be followed by the base form of the verb. The paragraph ends with an activity for viewers to practice using the correct model verb in various scenarios.

10:03

🤔 Politeness Levels in Asking for Permission

The script continues the lesson on models by discussing the nuances of politeness associated with different auxiliary verbs. It explains that 'may' is the most formal and polite way to ask for or give permission, often used when speaking to authority figures like teachers. The model 'might' is also introduced as a formal way to ask permission, though it is less common due to its old-fashioned tone. The paragraph includes examples and an interactive activity that reinforces the use of these models in various social situations.

15:03

🎓 Respect and Politeness in Formal Settings

This section of the script emphasizes the importance of respect and politeness when using auxiliary verbs, especially in formal settings. It provides examples of how to ask for permission in a classroom and when interacting with elders or in authority. The script also introduces the model 'mind' as a very formal way to ask permission, although it is rarely used due to its old-fashioned nature. The lesson concludes with a review of the models for expressing permission and a preview of the next episode's topic on expressing prohibition.

20:05

👋 Wrapping Up the Lesson on Models

The final paragraph of the script wraps up the lesson on models used to express permission. It includes a brief activity for the viewers to practice identifying the correct model verb for different scenarios. The script concludes with a motivational message encouraging continuous learning and a teaser for the next episode, which will focus on the second function of models, expressing prohibition. The hosts, Dan and Sir DJ, sign off with a reminder to keep learning and a promise of more educational content in future episodes.

Keywords

💡Signs

Signs refer to visual symbols or boards that convey messages, instructions, or information to the public. In the video, they are mentioned as being crucial for daily navigation and understanding the environment. For example, the script talks about 'no entry' and 'no smoking' signs, which are used to indicate prohibitions and ensure safety and order.

💡Permission

Permission is the concept of being allowed or authorized to do something. The video focuses on this term by explaining how it is granted or requested in English through the use of specific verbs. For instance, the script discusses the use of 'can' to give or ask for permission, as in 'students can use a dictionary'.

💡Auxiliary Verbs

Auxiliary verbs, also known as helping verbs, are used to add information to the main verb in a sentence. They are essential for expressing aspects such as tense, mood, or voice. The script introduces auxiliary verbs like 'can,' 'may,' and 'could' to explain how they are used to indicate permission.

💡Prohibition

Prohibition refers to the act of forbidding something or the state of being forbidden. The video script mentions signs that express prohibition, such as 'no entry' and 'no smoking,' which are used to restrict actions in certain areas for safety or regulation purposes.

💡Base Form of the Verb

The base form of a verb is the dictionary form without any conjugation or tense modifications. The script emphasizes that auxiliary verbs are followed by the base form of the main verb, as seen in examples like 'can I help you' and 'may I use your restroom.'

💡Formal Consent

Formal consent is a polite and structured way of granting or requesting permission, often used in official or respectful contexts. The video explains that 'may' is the most formal and polite auxiliary verb used to ask for or give permission, such as when a student asks a teacher 'may I go out.'

💡Politeness

Politeness is the quality of being courteous and considerate in speech or behavior. The script highlights the importance of politeness in language, especially when using auxiliary verbs to ask for permission. For example, 'could' is used to ask for a book in a polite manner, reflecting respect.

💡Social Distancing

Social distancing is a public health practice that involves keeping a physical distance between people to prevent the spread of diseases. The script mentions that signs prohibiting eating in certain areas, like fast-food chains, are related to social distancing rules for safety.

💡Respect

Respect is showing consideration, courtesy, or admiration for others. The video emphasizes respect as a key aspect of communication, especially when using certain auxiliary verbs to ask for permission in a formal or polite manner. For instance, 'might' is used to ask a teacher a question respectfully.

💡Educational Content

Educational content refers to material that is intended to teach or instruct. The script is an example of educational content, as it aims to teach English learners about auxiliary verbs and their use in expressing permission and prohibition.

Highlights

Introduction to the importance of understanding street signs for following instructions and information.

Engaging game to identify the meaning of common street signs like 'No Entry' and 'No Smoking'.

Explanation of how signs convey messages and the consequences of ignoring them.

Discussion on the significance of permission in language and its role in communication.

Introduction to auxiliary verbs, or 'models', as they function differently from regular verbs.

Use of 'can' to express permission in various everyday scenarios.

Explanation of the difference between 'can', 'could', and 'may' in expressing permission.

The politeness level associated with 'could' compared to 'can' in asking for permission.

Historical context of 'could' indicating past permissions that may not apply in the present.

Formal and polite use of 'may' in asking for and giving permission, especially in formal settings.

The use of 'might' for very formal permission requests, and its rarity due to old-fashioned tone.

Activity-based learning to practice using models to express permission in sentences.

Examples of using 'can', 'could', 'may', and 'might' in different social contexts.

Highlighting the importance of politeness and respect when asking for permission from elders or in formal settings.

The educational value of the lesson in understanding and using models to express permission correctly.

Assignment prompt for learners to explore models used to express prohibition.

Conclusion emphasizing the joy of learning and the importance of continuous education.

Transcripts

[Music]

[Music]

a pleasant day to you bright minds

i hope you're having a great time it's

me sir dj

and today i am with dan your english

learning

buddy and we'll make sure we will enjoy

and learn

a lot of things from our english lessons

together

so make sure you have your pen and your

paper

ready because hand in hand we will

explore the wonders

of the universal language let's go

every day we see signs on the streets

and in different places we go to

they are of great help to us

these street signs are there to send a

message

and give instructions or information

they are also meant to be followed

if we disregard these signs we can be

reprimanded

or worse punished for a violation

we see them everywhere but the big

question is

are we familiar with the messages they

are trying to convey

let's find out by playing a game

[Music]

i'll be giving you three seconds to

think of what these signs could mean

ready what does this sign

mean this sign

is the no entry sign it tells us that we

are not allowed to enter

a certain place do not enter

good one what about this one

[Music]

this sign tells us that we can throw our

trash in a container where this sign

is posted you can pitch in here

great job by the way

pitch means to throw or to toss

remember always throw your trash in the

right places

in this way we can make sure that mother

nature is preserved

let's see if you know this next one what

does this sign

say this sign

right here means that we are not allowed

to eat or drink

in a given area you cannot eat here

nice one there are some special places

where we are not allowed to eat

like museums churches and even in the

trains

do you notice that we can now see this

sign in some seats in our favorite fast

food chains

that's because we follow strict social

distancing rules

and that is for everyone's safety

let's go to the last one what could this

sign

mean this sign is telling us

that people are not allowed to smoke

smoking is not allowed speaking of which

smoking is bad for your health and for

the people around you

so don't even think about it

do not enter you can pitch in here

you cannot eat here no smoking

what do these statements have in common

[Music]

do you notice that they either give

permission

or prohibition let's try to focus

on permission first what is

permission it is an

authorization granted for something or

a formal consent that my friends

is what we are going to talk about for

this episode

expressing permission using

models models are special verbs that

behave differently

from normal verbs how they are called

auxiliary verbs or helping verbs

these verbs are unlike normal verbs such

as

work talk eat run

sleep and speak that's because

models give additional information about

how the main verb functions in the

sentence

there are many models in the english

language

but don't worry for now we'll focus on

just few of them

check out this example

students can use a dictionary for this

activity

the main verb in the sentence is the

word use

this verb is what the students will do

then the model used in the sentence is

can it is used to tell us that somebody

gave the students permission to do the

verb

in this case to use the dictionary

students can use a dictionary for this

activity

meaning they are allowed to do so

[Music]

here's another one ow that is such a

cute dog

can i touch him

sure you can pet my dog

this statement shows that the speaker or

the owner of the dog gave permission to

the boy

or to the girl to pet his dog

notice that the model can is placed

before the base

form of the verb models are often placed

before the

base form of the verb often

but not all the time also

models cannot change forms they are not

like normal verbs

for example can cannot be

kens no way students

can't use a dictionary for this activity

we cannot put an s after a model

nor can we add ing to it

just like a normal verb you can

petting my dog sounds weird right

just like what i've said a while ago we

should use

the base form of the verb after the

model

now you might be asking what models

should we use to express permission

there are three these are

the models can may

and could but these models

are not used in similar ways there is a

slight difference

in the way they are used

first we can use the model can

this can be used to give either

permission

or to ask for permission

for example you saw your friend carrying

a lot of books

can i help you with that

[Music]

notice that this sentence is in the form

of a yes no question that's

because this in this statement

the speaker is asking for permission

without the model in the sentence you

might sound like a caveman

i help you with that

here are more examples you are eating in

a restaurant with your best friend

[Music]

what is it can you pass me the pepper

oh sure

[Music]

you wanna come in can i bring my dog

with me

sure dogs can play around in the park

thank you sir hey i received your

invitation

that's good i'll see you there

[Music]

yeah can i bring my cousin with me of

course

it's been a while since i've seen her

you can bring a friend to the party if

you want

notice that the model can sounds less

polite

we can use can when we talk to the

people we are familiar with

whereas the model could

shows a more formal or polite approach

to ask permission a permission which may

not be given to you

okay since this is the first day of

class i want to see if you brought your

book with you

[Music]

could i borrow your book

sure thing no problem

[Music]

this sentence shows that the speaker

politely asks

somebody to lend him a book he then

tried to ask

nicely since they do not know each other

that well

yet but remember guys

when we borrow something make sure to

give it back

okay and when your teacher asks you to

have your learning materials ready

you really should because that would

make the learning process

much easier

check out this next example

ma'am is there something wrong my car

suddenly stopped sir and i don't know

what happened

could you please help me i could try to

ask my brother

to fix this for us thank you so much

it sounds more polite right

the model could is also used when we

express

a statement saying that somebody is

allowed to do

something in the past but not in the

present

oh those days were better i tell you

tell us more about it pops i remember

we could go out and play as long as we

want to

because the sun wasn't that hot back

then

wow that's so cool

the model may can turn the politeness

up a notch it is the most formal

and polite way to ask and give

permission

do you remember when you ask your

teacher permission for you to go out to

the restroom

you say may i go out ma'am

or may i please go out ma'am

that is because you are trying to be

polite since you are talking to your

teacher

but everybody in the room will be so

confused because you said

you'll be going to the restroom but you

came back with the turon and an

orange juice in your hands guilty

let's try to look at these examples

medical practitioners affected by

kovit19

may now claim their financial assistance

from the government

see how this sentence sounded so formal

because of the model me

it sounded as if it was said by the

presidential spokesman

you visit your friend's house and you

want to use the restroom

may i use your restroom please oh sure

no problem just go left from there

we should always talk politely when we

talk to people who are

older than us ma'am

is there a book we can use to look for

more information regarding

this topic you may use this book

as your reference

[Music]

age is not the only thing to consider

we should also show respect to anyone in

a formal setting

in this case the classroom

even if they are younger than us

remember respect is one of the greatest

expressions of love

[Music]

there is another special model that can

be used to ask permission

in a very formal way that is

the model mind it is rarely used

because of this old-fashioned tone

however

educated and polite people use it to

express

respect and politeness which is nice

because being respectful never gets old

okay class what is quantum mechanics

ma'am it is the branch of mechanics that

deals with the mathematical description

of motion

and interaction of subatomic particles

incorporating the concepts of

quantization of energy

wave particle duality the uncertainty

principle

and the correspondence principle

[Music]

that's impressive

[Music]

might i ask what your name is

i am albert so remember

in expressing permission we use the

models can

could may and might

easy right now we will do a short

activity about the models

that we use to express permission

don't worry it'll be very easy and fun

for this activity you will choose a

model that best completes each statement

let's answer them together your choices

are can could

me and mine are you ready

let's go you want to ask your mom

whether she will allow you to go out

with your friend jill

so you ask her mom

blank i go out with jail to the school

play

[Music]

what could be the right model here

[Music]

yes we will use the model ken

since we are familiar with mom so

the sentence will be mom can i go out

with jill to the school play

yes you can go with jill great job

let's try the next one you called your

brother's

office but you got directed to his

secretary

so you ask her hello

blank i speak with mr santiago please

for this one you are talking to somebody

you are not familiar with

the secretary probably works in an

office

of a business firm or something like

that

what model would be best fit for this

sentence

that's right we should use the model may

hello may i speak with mr santiago

please

nailed it let's move on to the next

sentence

okay class i want you to bring out your

pencils

we will sketch a map to your house

because you were so excited to do the

activity

you broke the tip of your pencil but you

forgot to bring a sharpener

you will now ask your seat mate to land

you

with an extra pencil what will you say

blank you lend me an extra pencil please

i accidentally broke mine a while ago

you are trying to ask your seatmate

however

you are not yet that close to each other

[Music]

spot on we should use could

could you lend me an extra pencil please

i

accidentally broke mine a while ago

amazing guys you're good let's try

this one you are in a five-star

restaurant and you want to ask the

waiter for a glass of water

what should you say

waiter get me a glass of water

of course not we should always be

respectful

you can't treat people like that just

because it's their job

it doesn't hurt to be nice and polite

right

so what should we say

[Music]

excuse me waiter blank i trouble you for

a glass of water please

you are trying to ask nicely in a place

where people should be polite and

respectful

yes we can use may or might

excuse me waiter may i trouble you for a

glass of water please

or excuse me waiter

might i trouble you for a glass of water

please

[Music]

good work can you still follow our

discussion

here is the last one

after hours of working with your

assignment

your friend asks you if he can go home

early hey brad

is it okay for me to go now i have to

help my mom with house chores

sure you blank go now i've got it

covered

[Music]

i wonder what model should we use for

this one

[Music]

exactly we use the model can

sure you can go now i've got it covered

wow you did an amazing job in our

activity

let's try to look at our sentences again

[Music]

mom can i go out with jill to the school

play

yes you can go with jill

hello may i speak with mr santiago

please

could you lend me an extra pencil please

i accidentally broke mine a while ago

excuse me waiter might i trouble you for

a glass of water please

or excuse me waiter might i trouble you

for a glass of water please

sure you can go now i've got it covered

i am really glad that you stayed with me

and learned about models

that express permission good job on

keeping up with us

up to this point for that here's a two

thumbs up from sir dj

and dan for your assignment

i want you to try and look for models

that are used

to express prohibition

i'm sure you'll enjoy that and

that ends our episode today time flies

when you're having fun indeed

we hope you had an amazing time with us

today

your english learning buddies dan and

sir dj

stay tuned because tomorrow we will be

talking about the second function of

models

expressing prohibition as we end our

class

remember to never stop learning because

life never stops teaching see you in the

next one

[Music]

bye

[Music]

[Music]

you