Lesson 1: Nature and Elements of Communication | Oral Communication in Context
Summary
TLDRThis lesson delves into the nature and elements of communication, defining it as a dynamic, systemic, and proactive process of sharing information between individuals. Key features highlighted include its irreversibility and the potential for individual interpretation. The script outlines the components of communication, such as the speaker, message, encoding, channel, decoding, receiver, feedback, context, and barriers, illustrating the process from sender to receiver with the aim of effective understanding and interaction.
Takeaways
- 🗣️ Communication is defined as the process of sharing and conveying messages or information from one person to another within and across channels, context, media, and cultures.
- 🔍 The root of the word 'communication' comes from 'communis' in Latin, which means working together, emphasizing the collaborative aspect of communication.
- 🔄 Communication is a dynamic process that is always changing and is not static, reflecting its evolution over time and across different situations.
- 👥 It involves communicators, including a speaker and a receiver or listener, who play distinct roles in the communication process.
- 🔁 Communication is systemic, following a step-by-step process that includes encoding, transmitting, decoding, and feedback.
- ⏳ It is irreversible, meaning once a message is sent and received, it cannot be taken back, highlighting the importance of careful wording.
- 🎯 Proactive communicators engage with a goal in mind, anticipating responses and navigating the communication process with intention.
- 🤝 Communication is a symbolic interaction, where the intent or outcome is often implied rather than explicitly stated.
- 🌐 Meanings in communication can be individually construed, varying among listeners and influenced by factors such as cultural background and socio-economic status.
- 🔑 The elements of communication include the speaker, message, encoding, channel, decoding, receiver, feedback, context, and barriers.
- 🚫 Barriers or noise in communication can disrupt the process, preventing effective transmission or reception of messages.
Q & A
What is the root word of 'communication' and what does it imply about the concept?
-The root word of 'communication' is 'communis' from Latin, which means working together. It implies that communication involves collaboration and interaction with others.
According to McCornack in 2014, how is communication defined?
-McCornack defined communication as a process of sharing and conveying messages or information from one person to another within and across channels, context, media, and cultures.
How is communication characterized in terms of its nature?
-Communication is characterized as a dynamic process that is always changing and involves communicators. It is systemic, irreversible, proactive, and involves symbolic interaction.
What are the two main roles that communicators can play in the communication process?
-The two main roles that communicators can play are that of the speaker and the receiver or listener.
Why is it important to be careful with what we say during communication?
-It is important to be careful with what we say because communication is irreversible; once a message is delivered, it cannot be taken back, and it may be received by unintended audiences.
What does it mean for communication to be described as 'proactive'?
-Being proactive in communication means that communicators engage with a goal in mind, anticipating responses and outcomes, and navigating the communication process with intention.
Can you explain the concept of 'encoding' in the context of communication?
-Encoding is a sub-process that occurs with the speaker before delivering the message. It involves analyzing and formulating the message, considering the most effective way to convey it to the intended recipients.
What is the role of the 'channel' or 'medium' in communication?
-The channel or medium in communication refers to the method by which the message is delivered, such as verbal expression, written text, body language, or multimedia presentations.
What is 'decoding' and how does it differ from encoding?
-Decoding is the process by which the receiver or listener processes and interprets the message they have received. Unlike encoding, which occurs in the mind of the speaker, decoding happens in the mind of the receiver.
What is the significance of 'feedback' in the communication process?
-Feedback is significant as it is the response from the receiver to the sender's message. It informs the sender that the message has been received and can indicate understanding or misunderstanding, thus playing a crucial role in effective communication.
Why is 'context' important in communication?
-Context is important in communication as it includes the setting, situation, time, and background of the recipients, which can all influence how a message is interpreted and the overall success of the communication.
What are 'barriers' or 'noise' in communication and how can they affect the process?
-Barriers or noise in communication refer to any disruptions or hindrances that can interrupt or negatively affect the communication process. These can be external factors like loud noises or internal misunderstandings that prevent effective message transmission and reception.
Outlines
🗣️ Introduction to Communication
The script begins with an introduction to the concept of communication, highlighting its dynamic and ever-changing nature. It defines communication as a process of sharing information between individuals, drawing from the Latin root 'communis', implying working together. The speaker emphasizes communication's features, such as being a dynamic process, involving communicators in roles of speaker and receiver, and being systemic and irreversible. The proactive nature of communication is also discussed, where communicators have goals and anticipate responses.
🔠 Characteristics and Elements of Communication
This paragraph delves deeper into the characteristics of communication, describing it as proactive and symbolic, where the meaning conveyed can vary among individuals. The speaker introduces the elements of communication, including the speaker, message, encoding, channel, decoding, receiver, feedback, and context. Each element's role in the communication process is explained, from the origination of the message to its reception and the response it elicits.
📚 The Communication Process
The script outlines the communication process, starting with the sender or source who encodes the message, considering various factors that might influence its delivery. The message is then transmitted through a chosen channel, and the receiver decodes it, attempting to understand the sender's intent. Feedback from the receiver is crucial, as it confirms message reception and understanding, and can take various forms, including verbal responses or body language.
🚧 Barriers in Communication
The fourth paragraph addresses the barriers or noise that can disrupt the communication process. These barriers can be external factors that hinder the sender's ability to transmit the message or the receiver's ability to understand it. The paragraph provides an example of a teacher lecturing with external noise impeding the students' comprehension, illustrating how noise can negatively impact communication.
🔄 Feedback and Context in Communication
The final paragraph reiterates the importance of feedback in communication, as it indicates that the message has been received and understood. The context of communication is also highlighted as a critical factor that can influence how a message is interpreted. The script concludes by emphasizing the complexity of the communication process and the need to consider various elements to ensure effective communication.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Communication
💡Dynamic Process
💡Communicators
💡Systemic
💡Irreversible
💡Proactive
💡Symbolic Interaction
💡Individually Construed
💡Encoding
💡Channel/Medium
💡Decoding
💡Feedback
💡Context
💡Barriers/Noise
Highlights
Communication is defined as a process of sharing and conveying messages or information between individuals within and across channels, context, media, and cultures.
The root of 'communication' comes from the Latin word 'communis', implying a sense of working together.
Communication is characterized as a dynamic process, ever-changing and not static.
Involves communicators, who can be either speakers or receivers/listeners in the process.
Systemic nature of communication suggests it follows a step-by-step process.
Irreversible communication implies that once a message is delivered, it cannot be taken back.
Proactive communicators engage with a goal in mind and anticipate responses.
Communication is a symbolic interaction, often conveying intentions without explicitly stating them.
Meaning in communication can be individually construed, varying between listeners.
Cultural backgrounds and socio-economic status can influence the interpretation of communicated messages.
The speaker is the source of the message in the communication process.
The message is the idea, concept, or emotion being conveyed in communication.
Encoding is the subprocess where the speaker formulates and plans the delivery of the message.
The channel or medium is the method used to deliver the message in communication.
Decoding is the subprocess where the receiver interprets and understands the message.
The receiver is the individual who receives and listens to the message.
Feedback is the response from the receiver after decoding the message.
Context is crucial in communication, encompassing the situation, time, and background of the participants.
Barriers or noise are disruptions that can hinder or interrupt the communication process.
The communication process begins with the sender encoding the message, considering various factors that might influence its delivery.
Transmission is the act of delivering the encoded message from the sender to the receiver.
Decoding by the receiver is essential to understanding the sender's intended meaning.
Feedback is vital as it indicates to the sender that the message has been received and understood.
Transcripts
[Music]
good day everyone welcome to our
communication and context for our first
lesson we will be discussing the nature
and elements of communication for
today's lesson the first thing that we
have to uncover of course is the
definition of communication we will also
be discussing the nature of
communication as well as the different
process and elements involved before we
begin let us take a look at these
pictures
what can you see
what are the people doing
you would notice that these people are
talking to one another to another person
or with one's cell this process is often
referred to as communication
so how do we really define communication
what is communication all about the
first thing that you have to know about
communication is its root word it
actually came from the latin word
communist which means working together
so basically whenever you communicate
they believe that you are working with
someone else you are working with other
people
in fact mccornack in 2014 described it
as a process of sharing and conveying
messages or information from one person
to another within and across channels
context media and cultures so basically
you are giving
something to other people and in return
you are getting something from them as
well so how are we going to characterize
or describe communication what are its
features what are its characteristics
number one we can describe communication
as a dynamic process so there are two
keywords in here dynamic and process
let's focus first on the first keyword
which is dynamic when we see dynamic
it's not static it is always changing so
the way that we have viewed
communication right now or the way that
we are viewing communication right now
it might change in the future same way
that the others from before from a long
long time ago viewed communication and
described communication was different
from how we are describing it right now
so the process itself is ever changing
it doesn't remain the same all
throughout time or in different
situations it might be different as well
communication can also be described as a
process that involves communicators
so basically we refer to people involved
in communication or people who are
communicating with one another as
communicators now communicators they
could be two
types so we have our speaker and we have
our receiver or listener all right so we
will be talking about it later on so for
example if we are involved in
communication it's either we play the
speaker role
or the receiver or the listener role
communication can also be described as a
process that is systemic so
when we say systemic it follows a
particular system and if it follows a
particular system therefore it follows a
step-by-step process
another key feature of communication is
that it is something that is
irreversible and when we say
irreversible you cannot take back
whatever has been said whatever has been
relayed once it has reached its intended
receiver or its intended listener then
you cannot take that back anymore that
is also the reason why we have the
saying be careful with what you say or
be careful with how you use your words
because you will never know who is
listening or who is receiving those
messages and remember that once you have
said it out loud you cannot take it back
anymore so that is also the reason why
we have that particular saying another
thing that you have to learn about
communication is that it is described as
a process that is also proactive or even
the communicators themselves are
considered to be proactive so how do we
mean or what do we mean by that when we
say proactive you engage in
communication with a goal in mind you
already know what's going to happen you
are already anticipating responses for
example from the
from your listeners or from the
receivers of your messages it is
something wherein people who are
involved in that process are already
aware of what might happen so the way
that they are involved
or the way that they engage in that
particular act or process they are
already anticipating the outcomes of it
so they are aware of how to
navigate during the communication
process we can also describe
communication as a symbolic interaction
we engage in communication because we
want to
do something or we want to produce
something there is always an outcome to
it take for example when you talk to
your crush when you initiate a
conversation with someone that you like
you engage in that particular process or
you engage in communication with them
because you want to get to know them
better you want to develop a
relationship with them so it's something
that is symbolic in a way it means that
you are interested it means that you
want to get to know them better without
even explicitly saying what you actually
really intend to do that's what makes
communication a very symbolic
interaction however one thing that you
have to remember when it comes to
communication is that whenever you
communicate the meaning that you are
relaying to your listeners or to the
receivers of your message may be
individually construed
so what do we mean by that when we say
individually construed
different people might make different
meanings out of what you have just said
so take for example as i lecture to you
guys what i'm saying
how another people or how another
student is understanding it might be
different from how another student is
understanding it as well so it might be
different from each and every one of my
listeners that is why it is very
important that we practice effective
communication for us to be able to of
course relay our intended meaning our
intentions because people might take it
differently especially for example if
you are talking to people of different
cultural backgrounds okay or
just in general when you are talking to
people of different ages different
socio-economic status so the meaning of
what you are saying might be taken
differently by those people as well now
let's move on to the next part of our
discussion what are the different
elements of communication when we say
elements these are the aspects
that are present or these are the things
that are involved in the process of
communication the first element in
communication which is actually very
important is the speaker this is one of
the communicators
all right so this is one of the people
involved in the communication process
and when we say speaker
this is where the message
is coming from all right so he or she
the speaker is the one relaying the
information giving the information or he
or she is the source of the idea
the concept and so on and so forth
the next element is what we call the
message message is very simple it is the
idea the concept or anything the emotion
it could be an emotion that you want to
be relayed so take for example if you
are the speaker you are responsible for
the message of the communication process
all right so what is your idea
what is the information that you want to
present that could be your message
another element involved in the process
of communication is encoding it is
actually a sub process all right so when
we say encoding this occurs with the
speaker or speakers all right before he
or she could even deliver the message
this process happens in the mind of the
speaker all right so what happens in
that particular sub process what happens
is that the speaker is analyzing
formulating the message analyzing how
is he or she going to deliver that
message thinking about
how or what is the most effective way of
sending that particular message to their
intended recipients all right so that
occurs for example when you are talking
to your crush before you could even
relay say to your crush for example that
you like him or her
you think about it first now that
thinking process is what we call
encoding since you want your crush to
understand your intended meaning you
have to really think carefully about how
you're going to say
if you like him or her or how you're
going to say that you like him or her
all right so that process that's
happening in your mind whenever you want
to say something that is what we call
encoding the next element in
communication is what we refer to as the
channel some some other books some other
textbooks might refer to it as the
medium okay the medium of communication
but basically when we say channel it is
the way
that we deliver the message how did you
deliver it in the first place did you
write it
did you express it using words did you
express it using just source and so on
and so forth did you use um did you use
multimedia presentation that you use a
microphone there are many channels there
are many ways on how you can express
yourself how you can deliver a message
and how you can sustain the process of
communication another sub process that
happens when we whenever we engage in
the process of communication is decoding
however this time this does not occur in
the mind of the speaker but rather it
occurs in the mind of your intended
receiver or intended listener all right
so when we say decoding it is the
process by which your listeners or your
intended receivers recipients of the
message
are trying to process what they are or
what they have listened to
what they have heard
for example whenever you say to your
crush or if you said to your crush that
you like him or her your crush will then
try to figure out what exactly is it
that you mean
do you like him or her as a friend do
you like him or her as some
something romantic or
another in other forms of um liking
someone so that person is thinking about
what you are saying they're processing
it in their mind so what did he mean by
it or what did she mean by it all right
so same thing goes in every process of
communication that we engage in or in
every conversation that we engage in of
course now that we have talked about the
coding the another element that you have
to remember
and very important as well because it's
one of the communicators in the process
of communication is the receiver so the
receiver will be the one receiving your
message they are the recipients of your
message they are listeners okay they
will be the one listening to you as you
speak as you deliver your message next
of course we have our feedback the
feedback is basically what you get after
or what you get rather from your
listeners or from your recipients after
they have decoded
the conversation itself or the message
itself all right so once they have the
code then the message that you have sent
to them
it's gonna create or trigger something
in them that might give them or might
allow them to give feedback so when we
say feedback it's their response to what
you have just said
okay so take for example when you said
that you like your crush or when you
yeah when you said that you like your
crush and then he responded i'm sorry
okay meaning that the way that he
decoded it all right the way that he
decoded it maybe he doesn't like you so
he said sorry because he doesn't want to
hurt you he doesn't want to hurt your
feelings so he said sorry and that's
that story is the feedback that you have
received from your receiver another
important element that you have to
always consider in terms of engaging in
conversations or engaging in the process
of communication is the context okay
when we say context it doesn't simply
refer to the place
where the conversation or where the
communication process took place
it could also mean the situation itself
the time
the different factors involve for
example the background of your
recipients okay the context basically
the surrounding okay
where the
the conversation or the process of
communication took place it is very
important because um one person might uh
might process it differently in
different
the last element in the process of
communication is the barrier we cannot
help it that whenever we engage in
conversation or whenever we talk to
someone we involve ourselves in the
process of communication
their instances were in
something is stopping us or something is
disrupting
okay disrupting the process of
communication now those disruptions are
what we refer to as barriers which we
will also be discussing in the coming
uh lessons however for now let's just
define it as something that hinders that
interrupts that disrupts the
communication process moving on now let
us discuss the process of communication
how does the communication process
happen what occurs during the process of
communication the process of
communication always begins with the
sender or what we call the source of the
message okay so the sender will be
going through the process of encoding
first meaning he or she will think about
first how to deliver the message he will
be considering all the different factors
that might affect that my tender that
might disrupt or might um just influence
the process of communication how am i
going to deliver this message how am i
going to say it i'm sure that whenever
you converse with someone you think
about those things as well now once it
has been decided once the sender has
already decided on the message on how he
or she is going to deliver the message
now what's going to happen is that the
sender has to transmit that message
deliver that message and part of
encoding is thinking of how is he or she
gonna do it okay is it gonna be out loud
is he gonna call is he gonna text is he
gonna just post a message on facebook or
is he gonna ask to meet up and so on and
so forth so there are many ways in which
you can deliver a message
after transmission of course it's gonna
go through the coding now the decoding
process happens
with the receiver once the receiver have
received the message that you have
encoded and then transmitted as a sender
the receiver will now have to decode
figure out what was it that you just
said
what was it that he or she
had just heard all right so he will try
to figure out the meaning what's your
intention okay what's what what could it
be what does it mean all right so the
receiver will now think of those things
once the receiver have thought of it
more often than not the receiver will
give you feedback all right so when we
say feedback it's their response to what
they have just heard what they have just
gotten from you as a sender now the
feedback will once again go back to you
of course um it could be in any form it
could be in the form of a reply a verbal
reply a text message okay and so on and
so forth there are also many ways on
providing feedback like what i have just
mentioned earlier feedback could also be
in many different forms it could be in
the form of a verbal reply it could be
in the form of a nod a dress short a
body a body gesture or body language all
right so it could be in many different
forms same as how you also delivered
your message but more often than not it
tells the sender feedback is very
essential because it tells the sender
that the receiver has received the
message and more often than not when
feedback is provided
there is an understanding among the
involved communicators
if you're going to look at it right now
if it seems as if the communication
process is such an easy pc task okay
it's something that could be done so
easily however there are of course
instances like what i have mentioned
earlier wherein the communication
process is disrupted or something is
stopping the sender from delivering the
message or sometimes
there is something blocking the way
between the sender and the receiver
sometimes the receiver was not able to
receive the message even if the sender
was able to transmit it okay so the
reasons for this is because we have this
thing called noise or other textbooks
will also refer to this as barriers okay
so when we say noise these are just
barriers that interrupt this rock hinder
the communication process okay these
could also be things that could
influence
affect the process of communication okay
and more often than not it affects it in
a bad way okay so take for example if a
teacher is lecturing in class the
teacher already knows how to teach okay
there therefore it's already easy for
the students to understand the message
or the information that is being
delivered by the teacher however
suddenly there was a noise outside the
school and it was too loud that even if
the teacher knows how to deliver what he
or she is saying
knows how to deliver the information
because of the noise because of that
particular barrier okay
the receiver or the students in this
case the students were not able to
understand what the teacher was saying
because it was too loud so instances
like that could the syrup contender
could influence and affect the
communication process heavily to
understand the communication process
better let us take a look at this
example
[Music]
here are my sources and references for
this particular lesson see you all again
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