APLIKASI PROTEIN REKOMBINAN DI BIDANG FARMASI_Ana Indrayati

Summary

This video discusses the diverse applications of recombinant proteins in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. It covers their use in diagnostic tests like pregnancy kits and virus detection, as well as the role of biomarkers in disease detection, including cancer and autoimmune disorders. The video also highlights how recombinant proteins serve in cosmetic products to combat skin aging by neutralizing free radicals and supporting telomere maintenance. Additionally, recombinant enzymes are employed in research and industrial applications, demonstrating their versatility and importance in both medical and commercial fields.

Takeaways

• 😀 Recombinant proteins play a crucial role in the pharmaceutical industry for therapeutic purposes, as well as in cosmetic, diagnostic, and research applications.
• 😀 Pregnancy tests rely on monoclonal antibodies that detect the presence of the human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) hormone, which is produced during pregnancy.
• 😀 The HCG-based pregnancy test consists of three main parts: the reaction site, test site, and control site, each containing antibodies that interact with HCG to provide results.
• 😀 False negative or false positive results in pregnancy tests can occur due to factors like low HCG levels or the consumption of certain drugs containing HCG.
• 😀 For viral detection, two approaches are used: molecular techniques like PCR for RNA detection and immunological approaches to detect antibodies like IgM and IgG.
• 😀 Antibody tests, such as the rapid test for COVID-19, can provide results for IgM and IgG antibodies, helping determine if someone has had a recent or past infection.
• 😀 False results in antibody tests can occur due to low antibody concentrations, immune system impairments, or cross-reactions with other viruses.
• 😀 Recombinant proteins are used as biological markers for diagnosing diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Alzheimer’s disease, and certain cancers by detecting specific proteins in the blood.
• 😀 For Alzheimer's disease, biomarkers like tau proteins and amyloid plaques are used for diagnosis, as they indicate the presence of the disease.
• 😀 In the cosmetic industry, recombinant proteins like superoxide dismutase and telomerase are used in anti-aging products to protect the skin from free radicals and maintain telomere length, promoting skin rejuvenation.
• 😀 Recombinant proteins are also valuable in research, such as for purifying antigens or analyzing molecular weight, and in industrial applications like producing enzymes used for various biotechnological processes.

Q & A

What is the significance of recombinant proteins in the pharmaceutical field?

Recombinant proteins play a crucial role in pharmaceutical applications, including diagnostics, research, and therapy. They help in disease detection, serve as biomarkers, and are involved in the development of therapeutic treatments such as monoclonal antibodies.

How were pregnancy tests conducted in ancient times?

In ancient Egypt, pregnancy was estimated by pouring urine into a sack of wheat, where sprouting indicated pregnancy. In ancient Greece, a mixture of water and honey was consumed, and stomach cramps were used as indicators of pregnancy.

How do modern pregnancy tests work?

Modern pregnancy tests detect the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in urine, which is produced by the placenta after fertilization. The test uses monoclonal antibodies that bind to HCG and produce a color change to indicate pregnancy.

What are the possible errors in pregnancy test results?

Pregnancy tests can yield false negatives if HCG levels are too low to be detected or if the test is taken too early. False positives can occur if the person has consumed medications containing HCG or if there is an error in testing.

What is the role of recombinant proteins in COVID-19 detection?

Recombinant proteins are used in serological tests for COVID-19 detection, specifically to identify antibodies like IgM and IgG in a patient’s blood. These antibodies are produced in response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

How do false positive or negative results occur in antibody tests?

False negatives can occur when antibody concentrations are too low to be detected or due to immune system impairments, such as in immunocompromised patients. False positives may happen due to cross-reactivity with other viruses.

What are biological markers, and how are they used in diagnostics?

Biological markers (biomarkers) are substances produced by cells under abnormal conditions, such as rheumatoid factor (RF) in rheumatoid arthritis or C-reactive protein (CRP) for inflammation. They help in the diagnosis of diseases by detecting specific proteins in patient samples.

How is the Her2 protein used in cancer diagnosis?

Her2 protein is overexpressed in certain types of breast and stomach cancers. It can be used as a biomarker for diagnosis and as a target for treatment using monoclonal antibodies like trastuzumab.

How does UV exposure contribute to skin aging, and how can proteins help combat this?

UV exposure generates free radicals that degrade collagen, causing wrinkles and other signs of aging. Antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase and catalase, which are proteins, can neutralize free radicals and help prevent skin aging.

What is the function of telomerase in anti-aging treatments?

Telomerase is an enzyme that helps maintain the length of telomeres, protecting DNA and preventing chromosomal instability. It is considered a rejuvenating enzyme and is used in skin rejuvenation to slow down aging by maintaining telomere length.