Macam-macam Hadits Dhoif berdasarkan Terputusnya Sanad [Kuliah Ulumul Hadits]

Summary

In this lecture on Ulumul Hadits, Nadia Khoirunnisa discusses the different types of weak hadiths based on the disruption of the sanad (chain of transmission). She categorizes weak hadiths into six types: Mu'allaq, Mursal, Mudallas, Munqathi', and Mursal Khafi. The lecture explains that weak hadiths cannot be used for establishing Islamic legal rulings but may be permitted in certain contexts, such as stories or moral lessons. Nadia provides detailed explanations for each type, offering insights into how they are classified and their implications for Islamic scholarship.

Takeaways

• 😀 Hadits Dhaif refers to weak hadiths that do not meet the criteria of Shahih (authentic) or Hasan (good) hadiths.
• 😀 The main causes of a hadith being weak are a break in the chain of narration (sanad) or problematic narrators.
• 😀 Weak hadiths are not typically used as proof in Islamic legal rulings (hukum syara), aqidah, fiqh, or tafsir.
• 😀 Scholars agree that weak hadiths can be used for stories, virtues, and moral teachings (fada'il) under certain conditions.
• 😀 Imam Hambali and Ibn Mubarok are two scholars who accepted the use of weak hadiths in specific contexts.
• 😀 There are six main types of weak hadith based on breaks in the sanad: Mu'allaq, Mursal, Mudallas, Munqathi', Mudallas As-Sahih, and Mursal Khafi.
• 😀 Mu'allaq hadiths have one or more narrators omitted from the beginning of the sanad.
• 😀 Mursal hadiths omit the name of the sahabi (companion) in the chain and go directly from a Tabi'in to the Prophet.
• 😀 Mudallas hadiths involve hiding the true source of a narration, either by misrepresenting the chain or using a less reputable source.
• 😀 Mursal Khafi refers to a narration where a person falsely claims to have heard the hadith directly from the source, even though they did not.

Q & A

What is the definition of Hadith Dhaif?

Hadith Dhaif refers to a narration that does not meet the criteria of a Sahih (authentic) or Hasan (good) hadith. It is considered weak due to issues such as breaks in the sanad (chain of narrators) or problems with the narrators themselves.

What are the primary causes of a hadith being classified as Dhaif?

The primary causes of a hadith being classified as Dhaif are interruptions in the sanad (chain of narrators) and issues with the narrators, such as their reliability or accuracy.

Can a Hadith Dhaif be used for Islamic legal rulings (Fiqh)?

No, Hadith Dhaif cannot be used for establishing legal rulings (Fiqh) or matters related to Aqidah (Islamic belief). However, some scholars permit its use in non-legal contexts, such as discussing virtues, promises, or warnings from Allah.

What is a Mu'allaq hadith?

A Mu'allaq hadith is a narration where one or more narrators are omitted from the beginning of the sanad. It often starts with a phrase like 'Rasulullah SAW said' without specifying the chain of narrators from the beginning.

What makes a Mursal hadith problematic?

A Mursal hadith is problematic because it lacks the name of the sahabi (companion) in the sanad, implying that a tabi'in (successor) narrated directly from Rasulullah without an intermediary, which is historically improbable.

What is the distinction between Munqathi' and Mursal hadith?

Munqathi' refers to a hadith where two narrators are missing in the sanad, but these missing narrators don't need to be consecutive. Mursal, on the other hand, specifically refers to the absence of a sahabi in the chain.

What is the definition of a Mudallas hadith?

A Mudallas hadith is one in which the narrator attributes a narration to a more prominent person (typically a teacher) despite not directly hearing it from them. There are two subtypes: tadlis isnad and tadlis syuyukh.

What does 'tadlis isnad' refer to in Mudallas hadith?

'Tadlis isnad' refers to a situation where a narrator falsely attributes a narration to a more trusted or prominent figure in the sanad, even though the narrator did not directly receive it from them.

What is Mursal Khafi, and why is it considered weak?

Mursal Khafi is a weak hadith where the narrator pretends to have heard the narration directly from a companion but did not actually do so. This creates a false impression of direct transmission, making it unreliable.

Which scholars permitted the use of weak hadiths in non-legal contexts?

Scholars like Imam Hambali and Ibn Mubarok permitted the use of weak hadiths in non-legal contexts, such as narrations about virtues, promises, or warnings from Allah.