Topik I Mata Kuliah Ulumul Hadis : Definisi Hadis, Sunnah, Khabar dan Atsar

Summary

In this video lecture on the study of Hadith (Ulumul Hadits), the speaker introduces the definitions and concepts of Hadith and Sunnah. The video explores the etymology and distinctions between Hadith, Sunnah, Khabar, and Asar from different scholarly perspectives. It highlights the differences in understanding Hadith between Hadith scholars, Fiqh scholars, and Usul scholars, as well as the concept of Sunnah within different Islamic disciplines. The lecture emphasizes the importance of understanding the context and perspective from which these terms are used and encourages a deeper understanding of Islamic teachings.

Takeaways

• 😀 *Hadith* etymologically means 'new' or 'recent' and refers to news or information in Arabic.
• 😀 *Sunnah* means a path or way, and can refer to both good and bad actions, depending on context.
• 😀 According to *Muhaddithun*, *hadith* or *sunnah* encompasses everything attributed to Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), including his sayings, actions, approvals, and physical traits.
• 😀 *Fuqaha* define *sunnah* as non-obligatory actions of the Prophet, where performing them earns reward, but omitting them doesn't incur punishment.
• 😀 *Ushuliyyun* view *sunnah* as actions related to legal rulings or actions that have an impact on Islamic law and daily conduct.
• 😀 There is no single definition of *sunnah*, as its meaning depends on the perspective of the scholar—*Muhaddithun*, *Fuqaha*, or *Ushuliyyun*.
• 😀 When discussing *sunnah*, it's crucial to clarify the perspective being referenced (e.g., Hadith, Fiqh, Usul Fiqh, or Aqidah).
• 😀 An example is the Prophet Muhammad's (PBUH) marriages: whether it is seen as *sunnah* depends on the perspective (Hadith or Fiqh).
• 😀 *Khabar* means 'news' or 'information,' and some scholars treat it as synonymous with *hadith* or as a broader report, including those from the Prophet and companions.
• 😀 *Asar* refers to reports not only from the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) but also from his companions and their successors, with varying interpretations among scholars.

Q & A

What is the etymological meaning of the term 'Hadith'?

The etymological meaning of 'Hadith' is something new, or recent, akin to news or information (khobar).

What does the term 'Sunnah' mean etymologically?

'Sunnah' etymologically means a path or way, which can refer to a good or bad way or behavior.

How do scholars of Hadith (Muhaddithun) define the term 'Hadith' or 'Sunnah'?

For scholars of Hadith (Muhaddithun), 'Hadith' or 'Sunnah' refers to anything attributed to the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), including his sayings, actions, approvals (silence on a matter), physical characteristics, and biography.

What is the definition of 'Sunnah' according to Islamic jurists (Fuqaha)?

According to Fuqaha (Islamic jurists), 'Sunnah' refers to actions of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) that are recommended but not obligatory (non-wajib). These actions are rewarded if performed but do not incur punishment if omitted.

How do scholars of Islamic law principles (Ushuliyyun) view 'Hadith' or 'Sunnah'?

Scholars of Islamic law principles (Ushuliyyun) limit 'Hadith' or 'Sunnah' to those sayings or actions of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) that are directly related to Islamic law and have legal consequences, distinguishing them from general information about the Prophet.

What is the difference between the concept of 'Sunnah' in Hadith science and Fiqh?

In Hadith science, 'Sunnah' refers to anything from the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), including actions, sayings, and personal characteristics. In Fiqh, 'Sunnah' refers specifically to actions that are recommended (non-wajib) and do not have legal obligations or consequences if omitted.

What does the term 'Khabar' mean etymologically, and how is it related to Hadith?

'Khabar' etymologically means news or information. Some scholars view 'Khabar' as synonymous with 'Hadith' or 'Sunnah,' referring to any information or report about the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).

How does the definition of 'Khabar' differ among scholars?

Some scholars view 'Khabar' as referring only to information from the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), while others expand its scope to include reports from the companions (Sahabah) of the Prophet as well.

What is the etymological meaning of 'Asar,' and how does it relate to Hadith?

'Asar' etymologically refers to remnants or traces. Some scholars consider 'Asar' to be synonymous with 'Khabar,' 'Hadith,' and 'Sunnah,' referring to anything from the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Others include reports from the companions (Sahabah) and subsequent generations, like the Tabi'in.

How do different scholars view the term 'Asar'?

Some scholars define 'Asar' as synonymous with 'Hadith,' referring to anything from the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), while others extend the term to include reports from the companions (Sahabah) and subsequent generations, such as the Tabi'in.