[STRATIFIKASI SOSIAL #1] : Definisi, Kriteria, Macam & Bentuk Stratifikasi Sosial - SOSIOLOGI

Summary

This video explores the concept of social stratification, breaking down its definitions and theories by key sociologists like Pitirim Sorokin, Boman, and Selo Soemardjan. It explains how society is divided into hierarchical classes based on wealth, power, respect, and knowledge. The video also covers the types of social stratification: closed, open, and mixed systems, along with various stratification forms such as economic, social, political, occupational, educational, and cultural. The discussion highlights how social mobility, status, and privilege shape different social strata in society.

Takeaways

• 😀 Social stratification refers to the hierarchical arrangement of individuals or groups in society based on factors like wealth, power, and prestige.
• 😀 According to Pitirim Sorokin, social stratification divides society into classes arranged in a pyramid-like hierarchy, where the upper classes have higher social status.
• 😀 Boman's definition of social stratification emphasizes the privilege of the upper classes, who hold certain rights not available to lower classes.
• 😀 Selo Soemardjan and Soelaiman Soemardi suggest that stratification occurs when valued attributes, like intelligence, lead to the formation of different social classes.
• 😀 Closed stratification systems, such as caste or gender-based systems, do not allow individuals to move between social classes.
• 😀 Open stratification systems allow individuals to change their social status through mobility based on effort, education, or achievement.
• 😀 Mixed stratification systems combine elements of both closed and open systems, restricting mobility in certain areas but allowing it in others.
• 😀 Wealth is a key criterion for social stratification, with wealthier individuals typically occupying higher social classes.
• 😀 Power and authority are significant in determining social class, with those holding authority or political positions often in higher classes.
• 😀 Education, knowledge, and specialized skills are central to social mobility, with individuals possessing these attributes often occupying higher social positions.
• 😀 Social stratification can also be based on occupation, with specialized jobs and professions leading to higher social status in society.

Q & A

What is social stratification according to Pitirim Sorokin?

According to Pitirim Sorokin, social stratification is the division of society into different classes that form a hierarchical structure. It can be represented as a pyramid, with the highest class at the top and the lowest class at the bottom.

How does Boman define social stratification?

Boman defines social stratification as the division of people into social groups based on certain privileges, with those in the higher classes possessing special rights or privileges that are not accessible to lower classes.

What is the view of Soemardjan and Soelaiman Soemardi on social stratification?

Soemardjan and Soelaiman Soemardi believe that social stratification occurs when there is something in society that is valued, such as intelligence or skills, which leads to individuals being respected and placed in higher social classes.

What are the two types of social stratification processes mentioned in the transcript?

The two types of social stratification processes are: 1) social stratification that occurs naturally, and 2) social stratification that is deliberately created to achieve collective goals, such as within organizations or governments.

What are some of the criteria used to classify social stratification?

The main criteria for social stratification include wealth, power and authority, honor, and knowledge. People with more wealth, power, or specialized knowledge tend to belong to higher social classes.

What is closed social stratification?

Closed social stratification refers to a system where individuals cannot move between different social classes. Examples include gender, caste, and nobility, where people are restricted from changing their social status.

What is open social stratification?

Open social stratification is the opposite of closed stratification, allowing individuals to move between social classes. People can change their status based on factors such as education, career, or achievements.

What is mixed social stratification?

Mixed social stratification refers to a system where movement between social classes is allowed in certain areas, but restricted in others. For example, an individual may be able to change their social status in terms of education or work but not in terms of gender or caste.

How is social stratification related to wealth in society?

In societies with economic-based social stratification, individuals who are wealthier occupy the highest social classes, while those with less wealth are placed in lower classes.

How does specialization in work influence social stratification?

Specialization in work leads to higher social status for those who possess specific skills or qualifications, as they are valued more in the workforce and generally earn higher salaries than those without such expertise.