PERUBAHAN SOSIAL BUDAYA

Summary

This video explores the concept of social and cultural change, breaking down its key elements such as definitions, forms, processes, and factors that drive or hinder these changes. It covers various types of social change, including revolutions, evolutions, and changes driven by planning or unplanned events. The video also delves into processes like diffusion, acculturation, assimilation, and invasion, explaining how cultures and societies interact and evolve. Factors that contribute to social change include population shifts, new discoveries, conflicts, and environmental changes, while traditional customs and a lack of knowledge can impede progress.

Takeaways

• 😀 Social and cultural changes can involve shifts in social institutions, values, behaviors, group organizations, and social stratification.
• 😀 Change can be triggered by societal dissatisfaction with existing conditions, leading to an imbalance in cultural elements.
• 😀 Social and cultural changes can be classified by time: revolutions (rapid) and evolutions (slow). Example: The Industrial Revolution in England and the evolution of mobile phones.
• 😀 Changes can be classified by their influence: major (e.g., industrialization in agricultural regions) and minor (e.g., hairstyle changes).
• 😀 Social changes can be planned (e.g., family planning programs by governments) or unplanned (e.g., unintended societal shifts).
• 😀 Diffusion is the spread of new elements, ideas, or technology from one group to another, shaping cultural changes.
• 😀 Acculturation occurs when two cultures meet, with neither fully losing its original identity, leading to a blended culture.
• 😀 Assimilation is when two cultures merge to form a new culture, with elements from both cultures blending together.
• 😀 Other processes of social change include penetration (infiltration of cultural elements) and invasion (introduction of foreign culture into local cultures).
• 😀 Factors influencing social change include population growth or decline, new discoveries, conflicts, rebellions, environmental changes, wars, and shifts in cultural practices.
• 😀 Barriers to social change include traditional customs, resistance to change, isolation of certain communities, and inadequate knowledge or technology.

Q & A

What is the definition of social and cultural change?

Social and cultural change refers to alterations in the structure of society, its institutions, values, behaviors, social organizations, and social strata. According to Max Weber, this change occurs when there is a mismatch between existing elements in society.

What are the different types of social and cultural changes based on time?

Social and cultural changes based on time are categorized into revolution and evolution. Revolution involves rapid changes, such as the Industrial Revolution in England, while evolution represents slow, gradual changes, like the development of communication tools such as mobile phones.

How does social and cultural change vary based on its influence?

Changes based on influence can be classified into small and large influences. Small changes affect only a limited number of people, like a hairstyle trend, while large changes impact significant sectors of society, like the shift from an agricultural to an industrial economy.

What are the two main types of social and cultural changes based on planning?

Social and cultural changes based on planning are divided into planned and unplanned changes. Planned changes are deliberate actions, such as family planning programs, while unplanned changes occur unexpectedly, often beyond the control of society.

Can you give examples of planned and unplanned social changes?

A planned social change is a government-initiated family planning program to control population growth. An unplanned change might be an unexpected cultural shift due to an external influence, such as a sudden political upheaval.

What are some examples of processes that drive social and cultural change?

Processes driving social and cultural change include diffusion (spread of new ideas or technologies), acculturation (when one culture adopts elements from another without losing its own identity), assimilation (merging of two cultures into a new one), penetration (introduction of foreign cultural elements), and invasion (foreign culture imposing itself on a local culture).

How does acculturation differ from assimilation?

Acculturation involves the exchange and adaptation of cultural traits between two cultures, where both maintain their original characteristics. In contrast, assimilation refers to the merging of two cultures into one, where the original cultures lose their distinct features.

What are some factors that can cause social and cultural change?

Factors causing social and cultural change include population growth, new discoveries or inventions, conflicts, rebellions, environmental changes, wars, and shifts in societal values or norms.

What are the main barriers to social and cultural change?

Barriers to change include traditional customs and beliefs, resistance from society's conservative elements, isolation of certain communities, and the slow pace of scientific or technological advancement.

Why might traditional societies resist social and cultural change?

Traditional societies often resist change because of their adherence to long-standing customs, fears of losing cultural identity, or a perception that new ideas threaten their social stability and values.