Sosiologi Kelas 10 - Konsep Dasar Sosiologi

Summary

This video introduces the basic concepts of Sociology, aimed at 10th-grade students. It explores the etymology of the term 'sociology' and its origins, as well as the views of key sociologists like Auguste Comte, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, Pitirim Sorokin, Selo Soemardjan, Soelaiman Soemardi, and Karl Marx. The video delves into their contributions to sociology, such as Comte's theory of social physics, Durkheim's study of social facts, Weber's social action theory, and Marx's conflict theory. The lesson also emphasizes the study of social change and societal structures, offering a well-rounded introduction to sociological thought.

Takeaways

• 😀 Sociology is the science of studying human interaction in society, focusing on how humans live and interact with each other.
• 😀 The term 'sociology' comes from the Latin words 'socius' (comrade) and 'logos' (study or science), meaning the study of human society.
• 😀 Auguste Comte, known as the father of sociology, first coined the term 'sociology' and initially aimed to apply natural science methods to social phenomena.
• 😀 Comte developed the 'three-stage law' of human thinking, which progresses through the theological, metaphysical, and positive stages.
• 😀 Emile Durkheim emphasized that sociology studies 'social facts'—external forces that influence individual behavior, different from psychological facts.
• 😀 Durkheim introduced the concept of 'division of labor' and the shift from mechanical to organic societies, stressing social order and change.
• 😀 Max Weber defined sociology as the study of 'social action,' explaining that actions are oriented toward others' behavior and divided into four types: traditional, affective, value-oriented, and instrumental rational.
• 😀 Max Weber's concept of social action involves various motivations, from habit to emotion, belief, and rationality in goal-oriented actions.
• 😀 Pitirim Sorokin defined sociology as the study of social phenomena, including the reciprocal influence between different social and non-social phenomena.
• 😀 Selo Soemardjan and Soelaiman Soemardi, sociologists from Indonesia, viewed sociology as the science of social structures, processes, and social change.
• 😀 Karl Marx is famous for his conflict theory, which focuses on the struggles between the bourgeoisie and proletariat due to exploitation and class conflict in capitalist societies.

Q & A

What is the etymological meaning of sociology?

Sociology comes from the Latin words 'socius' (meaning friend or comrade) and 'logos' (meaning science). Therefore, sociology is the science of studying human relationships and interactions in society.

Who is considered the father of sociology and why?

Auguste Comte is considered the father of sociology because he was the first to use the term 'sociology' and developed it as a science. He initially referred to it as 'social physics' and sought to apply methods from natural sciences to study social phenomena.

What are the three stages of human development according to Auguste Comte?

According to Auguste Comte, human development occurs in three stages: the theological stage (influenced by supernatural beliefs), the metaphysical stage (influenced by abstract concepts), and the positive stage (where thinking is influenced by scientific principles).

How did Emile Durkheim define sociology?

Emile Durkheim defined sociology as the science that studies 'social facts,' which are ways of acting, thinking, and feeling that exist outside the individual but exert control and influence over them.

What distinguishes social facts from psychological facts in Durkheim's perspective?

Social facts are external to the individual and have the power to influence and control individuals, while psychological facts are internal and occur within the individual.

What is the division of labor, according to Durkheim?

Durkheim introduced the concept of the division of labor as a key aspect of societal change, distinguishing between mechanical solidarity (in small, traditional societies) and organic solidarity (in larger, more complex societies).

How did Max Weber define sociology?

Max Weber defined sociology as the science of social action, which refers to actions that are oriented toward the behavior of others, considering their behavior and the context in which it occurs.

What are the four types of social action according to Max Weber?

The four types of social action are: traditional action (based on customs), affective action (driven by emotions), value-oriented action (guided by beliefs, such as religious practices), and instrumental rational action (where the means and methods are chosen rationally to achieve specific goals).

What did Pitirim Sorokin focus on in his sociology theory?

Pitirim Sorokin focused on studying the reciprocal relationships between different social phenomena (e.g., the relationship between economic and political phenomena), the relationship between social and non-social phenomena (such as natural disasters), and the general characteristics of social phenomena.

What is the significance of sociology according to Selo Soemardjan and Soelaiman Soemardi?

According to Selo Soemardjan and Soelaiman Soemardi, sociology is the science of society, particularly studying social structures, processes, and changes, with a focus on social change as a central aspect of societal development.