Materi Prinsip Dasar Bioteknologi dan Pengelompokannya - SMP Kelas 9 | Part.1

Summary

In this educational video, Kak Husna introduces the fundamentals of biotechnology, highlighting its historical evolution, key milestones, and applications in everyday life. The video explains biotechnology's origins from ancient practices like cheese-making to modern breakthroughs such as DNA recombination. Examples like tempe, soy sauce, and genetically modified crops illustrate how microorganisms are used in biotechnology. The video distinguishes between conventional biotechnology, which relies on simple methods like fermentation, and modern biotechnology, which involves advanced techniques such as genetic engineering. Viewers gain insight into how biotechnology impacts both food production and agriculture, enhancing the quality of life.

Takeaways

• 😀 Biotechnology is the use of organisms or parts of organisms to create products beneficial to human life, such as tempe, which is a product of conventional biotechnology.
• 😀 Tempe is made by fermenting soybeans with the help of microorganisms, specifically Rhizopus oryzae, a process that showcases biotechnological principles.
• 😀 Biotechnology has a long history, beginning with cheese-making in ancient civilizations like the Egyptians and Sumerians.
• 😀 Important milestones in biotechnology include the discovery of antibiotic-producing fungi in soybeans in 500 BCE and the introduction of the term 'biotechnology' in 1917 by K.L. Erckl.
• 😀 Louis Pasteur's discovery of lactic acid fermentation using microorganisms in 1857 was another key development in biotechnology.
• 😀 Conventional biotechnology relies on simple, direct use of microorganisms like bacteria or fungi to produce useful products with minimal technology and expertise.
• 😀 Common products from conventional biotechnology include tempe, tapai, bread, cheese, and yogurt.
• 😀 Modern biotechnology involves advanced techniques, including genetic engineering and molecular biology, to manipulate cells and organisms at a molecular level.
• 😀 Genetic engineering, or recombinant DNA technology, allows for the transfer of genetic material from one organism to another, resulting in genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
• 😀 Transgenic plants, like pest-resistant crops, are examples of modern biotechnology where desired traits (e.g., resistance to pests) are introduced into plants through genetic modification.

Q & A

What is biotechnology and how is it used in everyday life?

Biotechnology is the use of living organisms or parts of them to create useful products. In everyday life, it is used in food production, like tempe and kecap, which are made through fermentation using microorganisms.

How is tempe produced through biotechnology?

Tempe is made through the fermentation of soybeans with the help of the fungus *Rhizopus oryzae*, which causes the soybeans to bond together and form a compact structure.

What are the key milestones in the history of biotechnology?

Key milestones include the ancient production of cheese, the discovery of antibiotic-producing fungi in 500 BC, Louis Pasteur's work on fermentation in 1857, and the introduction of genetic engineering in the 1970s.

Who first introduced the term 'biotechnology'?

The term 'biotechnology' was first introduced by Karl Erky in 1917.

What does the term 'biotechnology' mean?

The term 'biotechnology' comes from the Greek words 'bios' (life), 'techne' (tools), and 'logos' (study). It refers to the use of organisms or parts of organisms to create products that benefit humans.

What is the difference between conventional and modern biotechnology?

Conventional biotechnology uses simple methods like fermentation with microorganisms to produce products, while modern biotechnology involves advanced techniques like genetic engineering, using tools to manipulate genes and create transgenic organisms.

What is an example of a product made through conventional biotechnology?

An example of a product made through conventional biotechnology is tempe, which is produced by fermenting soybeans with the fungus *Rhizopus oryzae*.

How do microorganisms like *Aspergillus oryzae* contribute to the production of kecap?

*Aspergillus oryzae* is a microorganism used to ferment soybeans in the production of kecap (soy sauce), helping transform the soybeans into the flavorful condiment.

What is genetic engineering and how is it used in modern biotechnology?

Genetic engineering, also known as DNA recombinant technology, involves transferring genetic material from one organism to another to create new traits. In modern biotechnology, it is used to develop genetically modified organisms (GMOs), like pest-resistant crops.

Can you explain the process of creating transgenic plants using modern biotechnology?

In the process of creating transgenic plants, genes from one organism, such as a gene for pest resistance, are inserted into the DNA of a plant. This is done using vectors like bacteria to transfer the gene into the plant's cells, resulting in a genetically modified plant with desired traits.