Sejarah agresi militer belanda 2

Summary

On December 19, 1948, the Netherlands launched its second military aggression against Indonesia, following a failed first attempt. The operation aimed to crush the Republic of Indonesia and its military forces. Despite setbacks, General Sudirman led a guerrilla resistance. The aggression led to the capture of Indonesian leaders, including President Sukarno, who was later exiled. Despite these challenges, the Indonesian National Army launched a successful counterattack in March 1949. The resistance proved Indonesia's resolve and bolstered their position in the UN peace talks, ultimately leading to the recovery of Yogyakarta by July 1949.

Takeaways

• 😀 On December 19, 1948, the Dutch launched their second military aggression (Agresi Militer Belanda 2) against Indonesia, continuing from the failure of the first aggression in 1947.
• 😀 The primary goal of Agresi Militer Belanda 2 was to destroy Indonesia's status as a republic, capture its leaders, and occupy the temporary capital of Yogyakarta.
• 😀 The Renville Agreement, signed in January 1948, caused tensions between the Netherlands and Indonesia, with both sides accusing each other of violations.
• 😀 The Netherlands initiated military operations under the pretext of 'police actions' or 'operatie Cry', aiming to take over Yogyakarta on the first day of the aggression.
• 😀 General Sudirman, despite being ill, managed to escape and led a guerrilla war against the Dutch, while the Indonesian government stayed in Yogyakarta.
• 😀 The Indonesian leadership discussed their strategies and decided not to evacuate from Yogyakarta, even under threat, due to Sudirman’s condition.
• 😀 President Sukarno and Vice President Hatta were forced to remain in the capital while the rest of the leadership moved to Sumatra to set up an emergency government.
• 😀 The Dutch captured key leaders like Sukarno and Hatta, exiling them first to Bangka Island and later to Berastagi, Sumatra, but this did not deter Indonesian resistance.
• 😀 On March 1, 1949, the Indonesian military launched a significant counterattack in Yogyakarta, demonstrating their continued strength and resolve in the face of occupation.
• 😀 Despite being seriously ill, General Sudirman continued to lead Indonesian forces, even being carried during his travels, until he returned to Yogyakarta in July 1949, showcasing the Indonesian determination to resist.

Q & A

What was the main goal of the Dutch Military Aggression 2 against Indonesia?

The main goal of the Dutch Military Aggression 2 was to destroy the status of Indonesia as a unified nation, capture Indonesian leaders, and seize the temporary capital of Indonesia, Yogyakarta.

How did the Dutch Military Aggression 2 differ from the first aggression?

The second military aggression by the Dutch on December 19, 1948, aimed at completely dismantling the Republic of Indonesia and capturing its leaders, following the failure of the first aggression in 1947.

What were the key issues that led to the resumption of Dutch military aggression?

Key issues included disagreements over the Renville Agreement, with both sides accusing each other of violations, and ongoing Dutch tactics to divide Indonesia through the formation of a federal state.

What significant action did General Sudirman take during the aggression?

General Sudirman, despite being ill, led the guerrilla resistance against the Dutch occupation, refusing to stay in Yogyakarta and opting instead to continue the fight from the field.

How did the Indonesian government respond to the Dutch aggression?

The Indonesian government decided not to leave Yogyakarta, despite the threat, and instead set up a temporary government under Syafruddin Prawiranegara in Sumatra, ensuring continuity of governance.

What happened to President Sukarno and other key Indonesian leaders during the aggression?

President Sukarno, along with key leaders such as Sutan Syahrir and Haji Agus Salim, were captured by the Dutch and exiled to Sumatra and then to the island of Bangka before being further sent to Berastagi.

What role did General Sudirman’s health play in the decisions made by the Indonesian government?

General Sudirman's failing health influenced the decision not to relocate the leadership from Yogyakarta, as he was physically unable to continue in his capacity but remained a symbol of resistance.

What was the purpose of the military counterattack on March 1, 1949?

The counterattack on March 1, 1949, launched by the Indonesian National Army, was aimed at proving the continued existence of the Indonesian Republic and weakening the Dutch moral position in the conflict.

What impact did the Indonesian military counterattack have on the Dutch forces?

The counterattack successfully lowered Dutch morale and improved Indonesia's position in peace negotiations, notably during the United Nations Security Council discussions.

How did General Sudirman’s health affect his leadership during the resistance?

General Sudirman’s health was critical, and he often had to be carried or supported while leading the resistance. His determination to continue fighting despite his illness was a symbol of the Indonesian struggle.