Pemeriksaan Fisik (Head to Toe) pada Pasien Dewasa

Summary

This video provides a comprehensive guide to conducting a skilled physical examination on adults. It covers various aspects of the examination, including inspecting, palpating, percussing, and auscultating different body parts, starting from the head and moving down to the extremities. The process includes assessing vital signs, checking for abnormalities in the eyes, nose, mouth, ears, neck, chest, abdomen, genitalia, and limbs. The goal is to evaluate the patient's overall health, detect any potential issues, and guide diagnosis through systematic physical assessment.

Takeaways

• 😀 Physical examination helps assess the health status of the patient and identify any complaints or symptoms they may have.
• 😀 The four key actions during a physical examination are inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation.
• 😀 The examination starts by assessing the patient's general appearance, consciousness, and using tools like the GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale) to evaluate responsiveness.
• 😀 Blood pressure, body temperature, pulse rate, and respiratory rate are measured to evaluate basic health indicators.
• 😀 Anthropometric measurements like height and weight are essential to assess a patient's nutritional status and calculate BMI.
• 😀 The head examination includes inspecting the hair color and shape, palpating for any lumps, and checking for abnormalities like hydrocephalus or microcephaly.
• 😀 The eye exam involves inspecting eye alignment, conjunctiva, and pupil reaction, along with performing vision-related tests.
• 😀 Nasal and oral examinations assess symmetry, breathability, and the presence of any lesions or abnormalities like sinusitis or mouth ulcers.
• 😀 Ear examination includes visual inspection, palpation for pain, and using an otoscope to examine the inner ear.
• 😀 The abdominal examination includes inspection, palpation for tenderness, and auscultation to listen for bowel sounds and check for abnormalities.

Q & A

What is the primary goal of conducting a physical examination on an adult?

The primary goal is to gather information about the patient's health status and to understand the symptoms and complaints the patient is experiencing.

What are the four key actions involved in a physical examination?

The four key actions are inspection (looking), palpation (feeling), percussion (tapping), and auscultation (listening to organ sounds using a stethoscope).

How is the patient's level of consciousness assessed during the physical examination?

The patient's level of consciousness is assessed using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), which evaluates three responses: eye opening, motor response, and verbal response.

What measurements are taken to evaluate the patient's general health?

The measurements taken include blood pressure, body temperature, pulse rate, respiration rate, height, and weight. These help assess the patient's overall health and nutritional status.

What is the significance of measuring body temperature during a physical exam?

Measuring body temperature helps identify potential fever or infection. A normal body temperature is around 37°C.

How is a patient's head examined during the physical examination?

The examination of the head includes inspecting hair color, scalp, and head shape. Abnormalities such as hydrocephalus (large head due to fluid) or microcephaly (small head) may be identified, along with palpation to detect lumps or tenderness.

What does the inspection of the eyes involve during the physical examination?

The inspection involves checking the symmetry of the eyes, the distance between the eyes and ears, and assessing the conjunctiva and sclera. The patient is also asked to move their eyes to observe eye response.

Why is it important to examine the nose during a physical examination?

The nose examination checks for symmetry, nostril patency, and signs of conditions like sinusitis, which can be indicated by pain or tenderness when palpating the nose.

What is the purpose of auscultation during a chest examination?

Auscultation of the chest helps assess lung sounds. It is used to detect abnormalities such as wheezing or crackles, which can indicate respiratory conditions like pneumonia or asthma.

What is the purpose of the reflex patella test in a physical examination?

The reflex patella test evaluates the functioning of the patient's knee reflexes. It is a standard neurological test used to check for any nerve damage or abnormalities.