HISTORIOGRAFI : TRIDISIONAL, KOLONIAL, MODERN

Summary

This video explores the concept of historiography in Indonesia, detailing its evolution through three main phases: traditional, colonial, and modern historiography. It explains the methods historians use to write history and emphasizes the importance of accuracy, objectivity, and chronology. The video outlines the different characteristics of historiography during the Hindu-Buddha era, Islamic period, and the colonial era, as well as the emergence of modern historiography after Indonesia's independence. It highlights the shift towards a more critical and Indonesia-centric approach, integrating local and colonial sources and expanding the scope to include diverse historical perspectives.

Takeaways

• 😀 Historiography is the study of how historians write and interpret history, focusing on methods, sources, and theoretical approaches.
• 😀 In Indonesia, historiography has evolved through three main phases: traditional, colonial, and modern.
• 😀 Traditional historiography in Indonesia includes records from Hindu-Buddhist and Islamic kingdoms, often written in Sanskrit and Pallava script.
• 😀 Historiography from the Hindu-Buddhist period is characterized by religious and mythological elements, emphasizing royal power and legitimacy.
• 😀 Islamic historiography incorporated local traditions and was influenced by Arab culture, while still retaining elements of Hindu-Buddhist historiography.
• 😀 Colonial historiography, written by Europeans, was Eurocentric and often distorted Indonesian history to support colonial interests.
• 😀 The colonial historiography overlooked the perspectives of the Indonesian people and used myths to elevate the superiority of European powers.
• 😀 Modern historiography, emerging after Indonesia's independence, focuses on decolonization and using scientific methods to write history.
• 😀 Modern historiography is Indonesia-centric, using local and colonial sources to present a more balanced and credible view of history.
• 😀 Modern historiography has expanded its scope, moving beyond just great historical figures to also include the social, economic, and cultural conditions of ordinary people.

Q & A

What is historiography?

Historiography is the study of historical writing and the methods that historians use to interpret past events. It refers to the writing of history, focusing on how historians research, analyze, and present historical events using sources, techniques, and theoretical approaches.

What are the four meanings of historiography according to Louis Godslag?

Louis Godslag defines historiography in four ways: 1) As a form of publication, 2) As a result of thought expressed either orally or in writing, 3) As a process of writing history, and 4) As a scholarly work in the field of history.

What are the basic rules of historiography?

Historiography must follow three main rules: 1) Chronology, meaning events should be written in a sequential order, 2) Accuracy, ensuring sources are reliable and verified, and 3) Objectivity, meaning the history should be based on facts and not influenced by personal bias.

What are the three stages in the development of historiography in Indonesia?

The development of historiography in Indonesia is divided into three stages: Traditional historiography, Colonial historiography, and Modern historiography.

What characterizes traditional historiography in Indonesia?

Traditional historiography in Indonesia is divided into two periods: the Hindu-Buddhist kingdom era and the Islamic kingdom era. It is characterized by being religiously influenced, focusing on royal power, and often written in Sanskrit or Pallava script. The content is mostly mythological and centered around the legitimacy of kings.

What are the key characteristics of historiography during the Islamic kingdom period in Indonesia?

Islamic historiography in Indonesia features elements such as mythological narratives, the use of chronology to explain royal genealogies, and an ethnocentric perspective, focusing on specific local or ethnic contexts.

How did colonial historiography differ from previous forms of historical writing in Indonesia?

Colonial historiography, written by Europeans, was Neerlandocentric (focusing on Dutch interests) and Eurocentric, with a subjective and biased perspective. It often ignored local sources and marginalized the role of native Indonesians, highlighting the colonial rulers' superiority and justifying their dominance.

What are some examples of colonial historiography's shortcomings?

Colonial historiography often contained myths, such as the false belief that the Dutch colonization of Indonesia began in 1598. In reality, it started in 1808 under Governor-General Daendels. It also ignored local sources, focusing only on Dutch documents and archives, and was discriminatory toward indigenous perspectives.

What marks the beginning of modern historiography in Indonesia?

Modern historiography in Indonesia began during the national movement period and gained momentum after the country's independence. It marked a shift towards decolonization of historical writing, with Indonesian historians focusing on interpreting history from an Indonesian perspective.

What are the main characteristics of modern historiography in Indonesia?

Modern historiography in Indonesia is characterized by being Indonesia-centric, using scientific methodologies to ensure credibility, adopting a critical historical approach, utilizing both local and colonial sources, and expanding the scope to include the roles of common people, not just historical figures.