Sejarah dan Perkembangan Bahasa Indonesia

Summary

The video discusses the history and development of the Indonesian language, originating from Malay, which spread across the archipelago alongside the arrival of Islam. Malay became a lingua franca, facilitating communication between different ethnic groups and traders. The speaker highlights key events such as the Youth Pledge of 1928, which officially recognized Malay as the Indonesian language. The video also touches on the evolution of Indonesian through various linguistic reforms, the establishment of institutions like Balai Pustaka, and the significant role of language in unifying Indonesia post-independence.

Takeaways

• 📜 The Indonesian language originated from Malay, which spread across the archipelago alongside the spread of Islam.
• 🏝️ Malay became widely used in Southeast Asia starting from the 7th century, with evidence from inscriptions found in Palembang and Jambi.
• 🤝 Malay was used as a lingua franca for communication among different ethnic groups, merchants, and kingdoms across the Nusantara.
• 📝 Malay's simple structure made it easy to learn and adopt by people from different ethnic backgrounds, which helped it become the basis of the Indonesian language.
• 🇮🇩 Malay was officially adopted as the Indonesian national language through the Youth Pledge (Sumpah Pemuda) on October 28, 1928.
• 📖 Malay was already used in cultural and literary works in the early 20th century, such as in Siti Nurbaya and other notable works.
• ✍️ Various key events marked the development of Indonesian, including the creation of the official Malay spelling system in 1901 and the formation of Balai Pustaka in 1917.
• 📢 In 1927, Datoek Kajo became the first person to deliver a speech in Indonesian at the Volksraad (People's Council).
• 📚 Several Indonesian language congresses have been held, contributing to the refinement of the language and the establishment of new linguistic standards.
• 🎓 In 1945, following Indonesia’s independence, Indonesian was declared the official national language, further solidifying its importance in administration and education.

Q & A

What is the origin of the Indonesian language according to the script?

The Indonesian language originated from Malay, which spread across the Nusantara (archipelago) along with the spread of Islam.

Why was Malay easily accepted by the people of the Nusantara?

Malay was easily accepted because it was simple, lacked language hierarchy (unlike Javanese), and served as a lingua franca, facilitating communication between different ethnic groups, merchants, and kingdoms.

What is a significant early historical record of Malay's use in the region?

Significant early records of Malay include inscriptions such as the Kedukan Bukit inscription (683 AD), Talang Tuo (684 AD), Kota Kapur (686 AD), and Karangbirahi (688 AD), written in ancient Malay script.

How did the youth movement contribute to the establishment of the Indonesian language?

The youth movement during the Sumpah Pemuda (Youth Pledge) on October 28, 1928, consciously chose Malay as the language of unity for all Indonesians, renaming it Bahasa Indonesia.

What were the four factors that contributed to the adoption of Malay as the Indonesian language?

The four factors were: Malay was a lingua franca, it had a simple structure, it was widely spoken across different ethnicities, and it had the potential to be a cultural language, especially in literature.

How did the development of Indonesian literature influence the growth of the language?

Indonesian literature, particularly works from the Balai Pustaka and writers like Buya Hamka and Armijn Pane, utilized Malay, further solidifying its role as a national language.

What role did the Dutch colonial government play in formalizing the Malay language?

The Dutch colonial government formalized Malay by establishing the 'Commission for Folk Lecture' in 1908, which later became Balai Pustaka, and by introducing the Van Ophuysen spelling system in 1901.

What was a key event in 1945 related to the Indonesian language?

On August 18, 1945, a day after Indonesia's independence, Bahasa Indonesia was officially recognized as the national language in the Constitution (UUD 1945).

What was the impact of Japanese occupation on the use of the Indonesian language?

During the Japanese occupation (1942-1945), the use of the Dutch language was banned, and Indonesian became the official language for administration and education, further boosting its prominence.

How did language congresses influence the development of the Indonesian language?

Various language congresses, starting in 1938, helped formalize and standardize the language, including adopting the EYD (Enhanced Spelling System) in 1972 and establishing guidelines for using Indonesian in education, government, and society.