藏传四大活佛如今安在？共产党是怎么对待四大活佛的，习近平家族与活佛的渊源！

Summary

本视频深入探讨了藏传佛教及其四大活佛——达赖喇嘛、班禅喇嘛、哲布尊丹巴和章嘉呼图克图——对中国历史的深远影响。视频首先追溯了藏传佛教的起源，从1世纪佛教传入中国开始，逐步形成包括藏传在内的“北传佛教”。紧接着，介绍了“活佛”概念的起源与发展，并详细说明了四大活佛的历史地位及其在蒙古与藏区的影响力。视频还特别强调了藏传佛教的转世制度及其在现代的实践情况，通过对14世达赖喇嘛和10世班禅喇嘛等人物的讨论，探讨了宗教、政治与社会权利的复杂关系，最后梳理了各大活佛的现状和未来可能的转变。

Takeaways

• 🌐 西藏佛教的历史起源于古印度，后传入中国和其他亚洲国家，形成了不同的佛教流派。
• 🔗 藏传佛教中的活佛系统涵盖了整个蒙古和藏区，包括内外蒙古和青藏高原。
• 🎴 藏传佛教的四大活佛：达赖喇嘛、班禅喇嘛、哲布尊丹巴和章嘉呼图克图，各自在不同地区拥有重要影响力。
• 🔄 活佛转世系统在历史上是政治和宗教权力的重要组成部分，与中央政府的关系密切。
• 🏰 第六世达赖喇嘛曾被政治斗争所影响，与他的传奇生活和诗人身份形成鲜明对比。
• 🛑 第十世班禅喇嘛是唯一结婚并留下后代的班禅，他的独特身份使他在信众中拥有特殊地位。
• 🇨🇳 中国政府在处理藏传佛教问题上，尤其是关于达赖喇嘛和班禅喇嘛的转世问题，持续采取有影响力的政策措施。
• 🌍 第十四世达赖喇嘛自1959年流亡印度后，成为西方世界用以影响中国政策的一个焦点。
• 🔍 尽管有争议，藏传佛教的转世系统在蒙古地区仍在继续，第十世哲布尊丹巴的身份在2016年得到了确认。
• 🚫 第七世章嘉呼图克图的转世系统在他自己声明不再转世后实际上已经结束。

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Outlines

00:00

🌐 对西藏佛教的历史影响与现状概述

本段落介绍了西藏佛教的起源和发展，包括其从印度北传入中国的历史背景，形成了所谓的“北方佛教”。随后，西藏佛教逐渐扩展到蒙古和汉地区。此外，该段落探讨了“活佛”的概念，指出活佛不仅仅存在于西藏，而是遍及整个蒙藏地区。活佛系统中有四位具有代表性的活佛，即达赖喇嘛、班禅喇嘛、杰布尊丹巴和张家活佛，他们分别在不同地区担任精神领袖。讨论了这一体系如何与政治权力相互联系，以及达赖喇嘛在藏传佛教中的特殊地位及其由政治需要所决定的因素。

05:02

📜 第六世达赖喇嘛的传奇生平及第十四世达赖喇嘛的现状

第二段讲述了第六世达赖喇嘛的非凡生活和传奇故事，他常在夜间私下离开布达拉宫，生活放荡不羁，并成为一位著名诗人。而第十四世达赖喇嘛的提及则集中在其流亡印度后的生活和政治影响，包括西方如何塑造其形象以及中国政府如何尝试减少其在藏区的影响力。同时，也提到了他在公共事件上的争议行为，以及全球舆论对其行为的反应。

10:04

🔍 第十世班禅喇嘛的家庭生活及藏区的政治历史

第三段详细介绍了第十世班禅喇嘛与李洁的婚姻，他们的女儿仁吉旺姆被视为独一无二的“藏族公主”。这段还回顾了第十世班禅喇嘛在文化大革命期间的遭遇，以及他的释放和后来的生活。此外，描述了班禅喇嘛与达赖喇嘛的关系，以及两者在政治和宗教上的不同地位。讨论了外蒙古的班禅喇嘛和内蒙古的张家活佛如何被清政府利用来平衡达赖喇嘛和班禅喇嘛在蒙藏地区的影响力。

15:05

🔖 四位活佛的过去与现状

最后一段总结了四位活佛的历史和现状。其中，第八世张家活佛由第十四世达赖喇嘛指定，但未被中国大陆或台湾官方承认。同时，也讨论了这四位活佛在藏传佛教中的地位及其对历史和文化的贡献。此段也提到了历史上的政治动荡如何影响了活佛的地位和他们的宗教活动。

Keywords

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Highlights

介绍了从佛教到伊斯兰教的宗教演变历史

详述了藏传佛教及其在中国历史中的深远影响

解释了四位代表性活佛的当前命运和转世制度

阐明了藏传佛教不仅限于西藏，而是涵盖了整个蒙古和藏区

描述了不同活佛的地理位置和他们在藏传佛教事务中的角色

探讨了藏传佛教的起源和其作为北传佛教的一部分

对活佛的概念进行了澄清，解释了其在汉语和藏语中的含义

分析了达赖喇嘛和班禅喇嘛的地位和政治影响

揭示了清朝政府如何通过支持不同活佛来分散和平衡权力

描述了达赖喇嘛的传奇人生和与政治斗争的关系

讨论了班禅喇嘛的地位和影响以及其与达赖喇嘛的关系

探讨了外蒙古的杰布赞丹巴活佛和他的转世制度

描述了台湾和中国大陆对于张家活佛转世制度的态度

详细介绍了班禅喇嘛与中国现代政治的互动

分析了达赖喇嘛在国际政治中的角色和影响

Transcripts

Hi everyone

I have introduced the Xinjiang region to you before

The history of religious evolution from Buddhism to Islam

Let's take a look today

The development of Tibetan Buddhism, which had a profound impact on Chinese history

Especially the four most representative living Buddhas of Tibetan Buddhism

What is your fate now?

Mention Tibetan Buddhism and Living Buddha

The first impression of many people is probably that

Since it is Tibetan Buddhism

Of course, they are all in Tibet.

Actually that's not the case

what we now know

The Tibetan Buddhist system with the four living Buddhas as spiritual leaders

In fact, it covers the entire Mongolian and Tibetan areas

As shown in the figure, you can see four major blocks

Among them, the Dalai Lama is located in Qianzang

Panchen Lama is located in Houzang

Jebzundamba is located in Outer Mongolia

The living Buddha Zhangjia is in Inner Mongolia and the capital area.

In charge of Tibetan Buddhist affairs

So where are these four living Buddhas now?

Is their reincarnation system still working?

before answering this question

Let’s first clarify a few concepts

first

Where did Tibetan Buddhism come from?

I mentioned it in my video introducing the evolution of religion in Xinjiang

Buddhism dates back to the 1st century BC

It was introduced to China from Xinjiang

Gradually formed "Chinese Buddhism"

This system also included the later

Korean Buddhism, Japanese Buddhism and Vietnamese Buddhism

Because the direction of spread is from ancient India to the north

Therefore it is also called Northern Buddhism

Mainly Mahayana Buddhism

Correspondingly, from ancient India to the south via Sri Lanka

Introduced to Southeast Asian countries and parts of Yunnan, China

It is called "Southern Buddhism", mainly Theravada Buddhism.

As another important branch of the Buddhist system, Tibetan Buddhism

appeared very late

Mentioned in previous videos introducing the history of Tibet

During the Tubo Songtsan Gampo period, they married Princess Wencheng of the Tang Dynasty.

and Princess Chizun of Nepal (Nipala)

The two princesses introduced Buddhism to Tibetan areas from Han and Nepal respectively.

Since then, Buddhism in Tibet has gone through the early and late propagation periods.

Gradually formed the later "Tibetan Buddhist system"

And because later the Yuan Dynasty included Tibet into the territory of the Central Plains Dynasty for the first time

Tibetan Buddhism began to spread to Han Dynasty

The most important thing is that it also entered the Mongolian region

Therefore, Buddhism today is mainly divided into

Chinese Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism and Theravada Buddhism

Secondly, Living Buddha

Living Buddha is a Han Chinese term

Originally a Tibetan translation of the Sanskrit word "incarnation"

Tibetan language looks like this

Chinese transliteration reads "zugu"

After being introduced to Mongolia

Mongolian respectfully calls it this

That is "Kutuktu"

so you will notice

When we call the two living Buddhas in Inner and Outer Mongolia,

Also called

"Jebzundamba Hutuktu" and "Zhangjia Hutuktu"

Of course tulkus are also living Buddhas

There are also levels of achievement according to the level of cultivation.

And it’s not just the four mentioned just now.

In fact, since the 13th century AD

The birth of the first living Buddha of the Karma Sect

By the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were 160 officially certified Living Buddhas.

And now

There are more than 1,000 living Buddhas that can be checked in the system

So there’s no guarantee that you can still see a living Buddha when you go to a lamasery.

Of course, their levels and influence are naturally very different.

For example, the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama have reached corresponding status due to their level of cultivation.

It is considered to be the incarnation of Guanyin Bodhisattva and Infinite Light Buddha.

With such an identity

will get the corresponding status

Such as land, livestock, etc.

This is linked to secular politics and rights

This has been the case in all dynasties

This also brings variables to their final fate

Let’s take a look at the Dalai Lama first

There are five major sects of Tibetan Buddhism in Tibet

Each sect has its own living Buddha

The Gelug Sect (Yellow Sect) to which the Dalai Lama belongs was founded the latest

The reason why his status in Tibetan areas was so high later

It's because of the needs of the rulers

The Kagyu Sect has always had a traditionally respected status since the Ming Dynasty

Even though the Dalai Lama has started the reincarnation system

But it doesn’t rank at all

After the Khoshot Khanate occupied Tibet, it began to support the obedient Gelug sect.

Later, after entering the customs in the Qing Dynasty,

The fifth Dalai Lama went to Beijing to meet Emperor Shunzhi

Preliminarily confirmed the suzerainty of the central government of the Qing Dynasty

Dalai Lama's dominance in Tibet officially confirmed

But the Qing government still kept a hand

The reason why he later supported three other living Buddhas

In fact, it is mainly to prevent

Dalai Lama gains excessive religious influence in Mongolian and Tibetan areas

Avoid the situation of confronting the Central Branch of the Qing Dynasty

In other words, it is for decentralization

So starting from Emperor Kangxi

The Qing government began to deliberately support the Panchen Lama again

Jebtsundamba and Zhangjia Living Buddha are in charge of Houzang, Outer Mongolia and Inner Mongolia.

in short

Using Panchen Erdeni to Divide the Dalai Lama’s Influence

Two Mongolian Living Buddhas

Divide the influence of the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama in Mongolia

Yizhangjia Hutuktu

To divide Jebzundamba’s influence among all Mongolians

This is how the Qing government

To realize the differentiation of political and religious power and the check and balance of power in the Mongolian and Tibetan areas

Avoid a situation where one party is dominant

This is how the system of co-governance by the four living Buddhas came into being.

Living Buddhas are endowed with divinity by believers

was granted rights by the central government

In fact, he is the local emperor

Therefore, the kind of emperors in Chinese history who were young

And the situation of powerful ministers controlling government affairs also happened in Tibet

After the death of the fifth Dalai Lama

Regent Sangye Gyatso concealed the news of his death for fifteen years

Then he looks for the reincarnated soul boy and uses him as a puppet.

This is the Sixth Dalai Lama Tsangyang Gyatso

The Dalai Lama is quite legendary in history

With his rights eclipsed, he often sneaked out of the Potala Palace at night in casual clothes.

And enter and leave romantic places

And I have constant girlfriends

Later he became a famous poet in the history of Tibetan Buddhism

However, his fate was not like that of his contemporary Emperor Kangxi.

Eradicate powerful ministers and return power to the king

The Sixth Dalai Lama Tsangyang Gyatso

He was deposed in the subsequent political power struggle in Tibet.

And passed away on the way to Beijing

The body was immediately thrown into the wild

The remains of the 5th to 13th Dalai Lama

They were all buried in the Potala Palace pagoda for people to pay their respects to.

Only the sixth Dalai Lama Tsangyang Gyatso does not have his own spiritual pagoda

And the next Dalai Lama may not be able to be buried smoothly in the Potala Palace.

I'm afraid he is the 14th Dalai Lama.

How the 14th Dalai Lama became the reincarnated soul boy

How the enthronement ceremony was completed under the auspices of government officials of the Republic of China

How to establish the new China

After being elected as Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress

In just a few years, he fled to India in 1959

This has been introduced in detail in the Tibetan history video

The exile of the Dalai Lama has given the Western world, led by the United States,

An opportunity to divide China

So I spared no effort to render it extremely

The "divinity" of the 14th Dalai Lama and his efforts to weaken his "humanity"

Not only is it packaged as a "god" who doesn't make mistakes,

He also awarded the 1989 Nobel Peace Prize to him

The Chinese government is trying its best to downplay its influence in Tibetan areas.

Instead, they stepped up their efforts to support the Panchen Living Buddha

So is the Dalai Lama really infallible?

The 14th Dalai Lama previously said when answering whether there will be a female Dalai Lama

"She needs to be good-looking and attractive

if she is an ugly woman

Then she won’t be attractive”

Such remarks are accused of objectifying women

Then when attending an event with Lady Gaga

Keep an eye on the holes in her jeans

And reached out to touch her legs repeatedly

It didn’t stop until Lady Gaga reached out to stop her

Although some public opinion at the time believed that the Dalai Lama's move was inappropriate,

But under the touted “divineness” of the Western media

Countless dignitaries and celebrities still want to meet with the Dalai Lama

Until last year, February 2023

The 14th Dalai Lama at a public event in Dharamsala, India

He even stuck out his tongue to a boy who came up to interact with him.

Also known as "suck my tongue"

The image of “hypocrite” under the cloak of religion

finally exposed to a global audience

Although the Dalai Lama clique argued that this was a "traditional Tibetan custom"

But except for this old man

We did not see any living Buddha or believer of Tibetan Buddhism

Have done such obscene behavior to children

The British Daily Mail wrote:

If the relevant behavior occurs to the Pope

The Pope will resign immediately

The silence on the Dalai Lama's actions is shameful

There are even calls from South African political parties

Indian government arrests 14th Dalai Lama on child sexual abuse charges

The turn of public opinion has also attracted politicians and celebrities who are flocking to

disappeared

The 14th Dalai Lama has since fallen from the altar

After talking about the Dalai Lama, let’s talk about the Panchen Lama.

I just said that the Qing government supported the Panchen Lama

It is to divide the Dalai Lama’s power in Tibetan areas

In 1713 AD, Emperor Kangxi consecrated the fifth Panchen Lama as

"Panchen Erdeni"

"Erdeni" means "treasure" in Mongolian and Manchu

That is, the Panchen baby

Panchen Lama is in charge of Tibetan affairs in Tibetan areas

Its residence is Tashilhunpo Monastery in Shigatse

as shown on the map

The Panchen Lama’s back Tibet is larger than the Dalai Lama’s front Tibet.

Does that mean that the Panchen Lama has a higher status or real power?

Not so

Those who understand the geography of Tibet should know

Front Tibet has a lower altitude than Back Tibet

Higher vegetation coverage

Suitable climate

More suitable for human habitation

Therefore, most of Tibet's more than 3 million people are concentrated in the former Tibet area.

Most areas in Houtang are above 5,000 meters above sea level.

Severe hypoxia and harsh climate

Extremely unsuitable for human survival

Many places in Ngari and Nagqu are no-man’s land.

Therefore, although the Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama are mutual teachers,

But regardless of real power and prestige

The Panchen Lama in Back Tibet is slightly inferior to the Dalai Lama in Front Tibet

Therefore, in the process of reincarnation of living Buddhas in the past dynasties, the Panchen Lama

Not like the Dalai Lama

With so much controversy and bloodshed

But there is a special being among them

That is the 10th Panchen Lama

Not that his reincarnation is controversial.

Rather, he is one of the Panchen Living Buddhas of all generations.

The only Panchen Living Buddha who married a wife and had children

The enthronement ceremony of the 10th Panchen Lama in August 1949

At a time when China is changing colors

The 10th Panchen Lama did not move to Taiwan with the Nationalist Government

But stayed in the mainland

Then during the democratic reform in Tibetan areas

The Panchen Lama is not as repellent as the Dalai Lama

He also used his Chundui Manor as a pilot project

But even so

The 10th Panchen Lama did not escape the subsequent anti-rightist movement and the wave of the Cultural Revolution.

He was imprisoned in Beijing for a long time and was not released until 1977.

Then in 1978, they were 20 years apart

Li Jie, the granddaughter of the founding general Dong Qiwu, got married

And gave birth to a daughter in 1983

Named Renji Wangmo

This is when Xi Zhongxun and his wife went to congratulate Renji Wangmo on his 100th day.

It can be said that it is full of cards

Panchen Living Buddha marries lovely wife and has children

This is unique among all previous Panchen Lamas.

Therefore, in the hearts of many Tibetan Buddhist believers

His daughter Renji Wangmo became the only "Tibetan Princess"

This is a photo of Renji Wangmo and his mother Li Jie with the next generation Panchen Choekyi Jebu

The 11th Panchen Lama came after the death of the 10th Panchen Lama

In front of the Buddha statue in the Jokhang Temple in Lhasa in 1995

After the ceremony of drawing lots from the golden urn

Confirmed as the reincarnation of the 10th Panchen Lama

This is also the case since the founding of New China in 1949.

For the first time, the living Buddha was identified through drawing lots from the golden urn

And there was an episode in this reincarnation

It is the 14th Dalai Lama who has fled abroad

Skip the lot from the golden jar

Directly and remotely designated a child named Genden Choekyi Nyima

The reincarnation of the Panchen Lama

However, it is not recognized by the government of the People's Republic of China

The 34-year-old 11th Panchen Choekyi Jebu is also one of the four living Buddhas.

The only living Buddha still in mainland China

Finished talking about the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama

Let’s look at Mongolia again

Jebtsundamba from Outer Mongolia and Zhangjia Living Buddha from Inner Mongolia

Because the Qing government intended to support it

To differentiate the influence of the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama in Mongolia

Moreover, the first Jebtsundamba received ordination from the fourth Panchen Lama.

Therefore, its status and influence in the hearts of Tibetan Buddhist monks

Naturally, it is not as good as the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama

In 1688 AD, Khalkha (Outer Mongolia) was attacked by the Junggar Khanate.

Jebtsundamba I quickly led his troops to surrender to the Qing Dynasty

Since then, Outer Mongolia has been officially included in the territory of the Qing Dynasty.

Emperor Kangxi conferred the title of Great Lama of Hutuktu on Jebtsundamba I

Officially established his identity as a religious leader in Outer Mongolia

And in order to avoid Mongolian areas being like Tibetan areas

Reincarnate Jebtsundamba to the home of the Mongolian prince

Emperor Qianlong's regulations

The reincarnated soul boy must come from Tibetan area

The final decision will be made by drawing lots from the golden urn at the Yonghe Temple in Beijing.

Therefore, his reincarnation was firmly in the hands of the central government of the Qing Dynasty.

After the outbreak of the Revolution of 1911

Outer Mongolia has repeatedly sought independence with the support of northern Russia

Finally in 1921

The Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party defeated the Beiyang Army with the assistance of the Soviet Red Army

Seize power in Outer Mongolia

The eighth Jebtsundamba was immediately dismissed

Then he died suddenly and mysteriously in Cullen in 1924.

Subsequently, the People's Revolutionary Party government announced that it would no longer search for reincarnated soul boys.

However, the Reting Living Buddha who later served as regent in Tibet

A child named Jampanandro was designated as the ninth Jebtsundampa

but was not recognized

Jambanandro once returned to secular life

Until the Dalai Lama fled to India in 1959

He also followed

and lives with seven children in India

And in 1991

Dalai Lama, who just won the Nobel Peace Prize

Recognized Jampanandro’s identity as the reincarnation of Jebtsundampa

and presided over his enthronement ceremony in Dharamshala

Then the ninth Jebtsundampa returned to Outer Mongolia

And finally passed away in Ulaanbaatar in 2012

During his visit to Mongolia in 2016, the Dalai Lama said

The 10th Jebtsundamba was already born in Mongolia

But so far, the identity of this reincarnated soul boy has not been announced.

Therefore, the system of the reincarnation of Jebtsundamba

It can be regarded as continuing in Mongolia.

But what Qianlong formulated must be in the Yonghe Temple in Beijing.

The system of drawing lots from the golden urn is gone

Finally, there is Changjia Living Buddha

Living Buddha Zhangjia received strong support from the Qing government during the Kangxi and Qianlong years.

and obtained the status of religious leaders in Inner Mongolia and Beijing

The Third Zhangjia Living Buddha also studied with the young Qianlong in his early years.

Live in Prince Yong's Mansion

Later, Prince Yong's Mansion was renamed Yonghe Palace.

Becoming the largest Tibetan Buddhist temple in Beijing

Then in 1949

The 7th Zhangjia did not stay in the mainland like the 10th Panchen Lama

Instead, they moved to Taiwan with the Nationalist Government.

At that time, two other great figures also went to Taiwan together.

They are Kong Decheng, the 77th generation grandson of Confucius.

and Zhang Enpu, the 63rd generation Celestial Master of Celestial Master Taoism

Finally, the seventh Living Buddha Zhangjia passed away in Taiwan in 1957.

And before he passed away, he signed it himself

Before the government successfully counterattacked the mainland,

Changjia Living Buddha’s Will No longer Reincarnates

It seems impossible to counterattack the mainland now

This also heralds the end of the reincarnation system of Zhangjia Living Buddha.

However, the Dalai Lama, unwilling to be lonely, came out again to teach the gods and Buddhas.

After referring to the Panchen Lama and Jebtsundampa respectively,

In 1998, the 14th Dalai Lama appointed a Tibetan who had fled to India as a child.

As the eighth Zhangjia Living Buddha

and was ordained in Dharamsala, India

Currently based in Drepung Monastery, Sinan, India

But his reincarnation identity

Neither has been recognized by mainland China or Taiwan.

Well, the above are the past and present lives of the four living Buddhas of Tibetan Buddhism.

See you in the next video