NATURAL HAZARDS, MITIGATION, AND ADAPTATION(Part 1) Earth and Life Science Grade 11 Discussion Video

Summary

This instructional video, led by Mr. Olyssie Franco, covers Unit 3 of Earth and Life Science, focusing on natural hazards, mitigation, and adaptation. After a prayer, the instructor recaps previous topics like geologic time scales, and moves on to discuss geologic processes and hydrometeorological phenomena, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, cyclones, and floods. The video emphasizes understanding hazards and identifying risk-prone areas using hazard maps. Students are encouraged to reflect on how disaster preparedness is a shared responsibility and to complete related activities in their learning packets.

Takeaways

• 🙏 The instructor starts the lesson with a prayer, seeking guidance, wisdom, and healing during the ongoing pandemic.
• 📚 The lesson is about Earth and Life Science, focusing on natural hazards mitigation and adaptation in Unit 3.
• ⏳ A recap of the previous lesson is given, covering geologic time scales, including the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic eras.
• 🌍 The main topic of the current lesson is geologic processes and hydrometeorological hazards, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, and tropical cyclones.
• 🌋 Earthquakes can lead to hazards like structure collapse, fissures, liquefaction, landslides, and tsunamis.
• 🔥 Volcanic eruptions can cause hazards like lava flows, ash clouds, fire, and the destruction of homes in danger zones.
• ⛰️ Landslides occur during heavy rains, causing rock falls, debris flows, and mudslides, especially in higher regions.
• 🌪️ Tropical cyclones in the Philippines bring hazards like storm surges, floods, strong winds, and landslides.
• 💨 Monsoons (southwest and northeast) affect the Philippines, causing seasonal weather changes and heavy rainfall.
• 🌊 Floods and whirlwinds like ipoipo and buhawi bring risks such as drowning, electrocution, and erosion, especially near water sources.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the lesson in the transcript?

The main topic is about natural hazards, mitigation, and adaptation, with a focus on geologic processes and hydrometeorological phenomena.

What are the two objectives of the lesson?

The first objective is to describe the various types of hazards that may occur during earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, tropical cyclones, monsoons, floods, and more. The second is to use hazard maps to identify areas prone to these hazards.

What are the hazards brought by earthquakes according to the lesson?

Earthquakes can cause hazards like damage or collapse of structures, fissures, liquefaction, landslides, and tsunamis.

How do volcanic eruptions pose a danger to communities?

Volcanic eruptions release lava flow, ash clouds, fiery materials, and can trigger mudflows and fires, posing significant risks to nearby communities.

What are the effects of landslides as described in the lesson?

Landslides can cause rockfalls, debris flows, and mudflows, moving rocks and debris from higher to lower areas, leading to erosion and destruction.

What are the hazards caused by tropical cyclones?

Tropical cyclones cause hazards such as storm surges, flooding, high winds, extreme rainfall, landslides, and mudflows.

What are monsoons, and how do they affect the Philippines?

Monsoons are seasonal weather patterns. The Philippines experiences the southwest monsoon, which brings heavy rains, and the northeast monsoon, which affects the weather during cooler months like December and January.

What are the main dangers associated with floods?

Floods bring hazards like inundation, erosion, the movement of large particles, and can lead to drowning, electrocution, and infection.

How are 'ipoipo' and 'buhawi' different?

An 'ipoipo' refers to a whirling wind formed over a water area, while 'buhawi' refers to a similar phenomenon but on land.

What is the final task given to students at the end of the lesson?

Students are asked to reflect on how to minimize the damages caused by natural disasters and why preparedness is everyone's responsibility. They are instructed to write their insights in their learning packets.

Outlines

00:00

🙏 Opening Prayer and Recap of Previous Lesson

The video begins with a prayer asking for wisdom, guidance, and healing, followed by a recap of the last lesson on the geologic time scale. The instructor reminds students of key concepts such as relative and absolute dating, as well as the major eras (Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic) and their corresponding life forms, including the rise of reptiles, dinosaurs, and mammals.

05:00

🌋 Introduction to Natural Hazards and Objectives

The lesson focuses on natural hazards, particularly geologic processes and hydro-meteorological phenomena. The objectives include understanding the different types of hazards caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, and tropical cyclones, and learning to identify hazard-prone areas using maps. The instructor starts by revisiting concepts of earthquakes and their effects, introducing the hazards they bring such as structural damage, fissures, liquefaction, landslides, and tsunamis.

10:04

⛈ Volcanic Eruptions, Landslides, and Cyclones

The paragraph covers the hazards related to volcanic eruptions, such as lava flows, ash clouds, and fiery materials that cause fires and destruction. It also explains landslides, which are common in the Philippines during heavy rains, and their associated hazards like rockfalls, debris flows, and mudslides. Finally, tropical cyclones and their destructive effects, including storm surges, flooding, and landslides, are discussed.

16:07

🌬 Monsoons, Floods, and Tornadoes

This section discusses the two monsoon systems in the Philippines: the southwest and northeast monsoons, which bring heavy rains and affect weather patterns. It also details the hazards of floods, such as erosion, drowning, and electrocution. The difference between tornadoes (ipo-ipo) and water spouts (buhawi) is explained, highlighting their formation and destructive potential.

Keywords

💡Geologic Time Scale

The Geologic Time Scale is a system used by scientists to organize Earth's history into different periods based on significant events like the development of life or mass extinctions. In the video, the instructor reviews this concept, focusing on key eras such as the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic, where different forms of life, like reptiles and mammals, emerged and evolved.

💡Phanerozoic Eon

The Phanerozoic Eon represents the current eon in Earth's history, spanning from 541 million years ago to the present. It is divided into three major eras: the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic. The video explains how this eon is essential in understanding the timeline of life on Earth, covering the rise of dinosaurs, mammals, and other life forms.

💡Natural Hazards

Natural hazards are natural events that pose risks to humans and their environment, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, and floods. The video focuses on explaining these hazards and their effects, such as the damage caused by earthquakes, the destructive lava flows from volcanic eruptions, and the impact of tropical cyclones.

💡Earthquake

An earthquake is the shaking of the ground caused by the sudden movement of tectonic plates beneath Earth's surface. In the video, earthquakes are discussed as a significant natural hazard that can cause structural damage, landslides, and tsunamis, affecting communities around the world.

💡Volcanic Eruption

A volcanic eruption occurs when magma from beneath Earth's surface is expelled through a volcano. The video details volcanic eruptions as hazards that release lava flows, ash clouds, and fiery materials, posing threats to nearby communities. It emphasizes the need for preparedness, especially for those living near active volcanoes.

💡Landslide

A landslide is the movement of rocks, soil, or debris down a slope, often triggered by heavy rainfall, earthquakes, or volcanic activity. In the video, landslides are described as common hazards in the Philippines, leading to rockfalls, debris flows, and mudslides that can threaten lives and property.

💡Tropical Cyclone

A tropical cyclone, commonly known as a typhoon or hurricane, is a powerful storm system characterized by strong winds and heavy rainfall. The video explains the hazards brought by tropical cyclones, such as storm surges, flooding, and high winds, which can cause widespread destruction, especially in coastal areas.

💡Monsoon

A monsoon is a seasonal wind pattern that brings heavy rains to certain regions. In the video, the instructor highlights the Philippines' two main monsoons: the southwest monsoon (habagat) and the northeast monsoon (amihan), which are responsible for the country's distinct wet and dry seasons, contributing to hazards like flooding and landslides.

💡Flood

Floods occur when an area becomes submerged in water, typically due to heavy rainfall or overflowing rivers. The video discusses floods as hazards that can cause erosion, drowning, electrocution, and the spread of infections, making them a critical concern in disaster preparedness.

💡Preparedness

Preparedness refers to the actions taken to plan for and reduce the impacts of natural hazards. The video emphasizes the importance of preparedness in minimizing the damages caused by disasters like earthquakes, floods, and tropical cyclones. The instructor encourages students to reflect on how preparedness is a collective responsibility to protect communities.

Highlights

Introduction of the lesson with a prayer, invoking wisdom and enlightenment for students.

Recap of the previous lesson on geologic time scales, including discussions on the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic eras.

Introduction to Unit 3, focusing on natural hazards mitigation and adaptation.

Objective 1: Describing various types of hazards that may happen during earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, tropical cyclones, monsoons, floods, etc.

Objective 2: Identifying areas prone to hazards using hazard maps.

Discussion of earthquake hazards, including damage or collapse of structures, fissures, liquefaction, landslides, and tsunamis.

Explanation of volcanic eruptions and associated hazards like lava flows, ash clouds, and fiery materials causing fires.

Landslide hazards, especially during heavy rains, including rockfalls, debris flows, and mudflows.

Tropical cyclone hazards such as storm surges, floods, high winds, extreme rainfall, and landslides.

Description of monsoons and their impact, particularly the Southwest and Northeast monsoons affecting the Philippines.

Flood hazards, including erosion, movement of large particles, drowning, electrocution, and infection.

Introduction to the difference between 'ipo' (whirlwinds above water) and 'buhawi' (tornadoes).

Encouragement to review Nueva C and Philippine hazard maps for further understanding of geologic and hydrometeorological processes.

Values integration activity: Reflection on how to minimize damage from natural disasters and the importance of preparedness as everyone's responsibility.

Conclusion with instructions to complete the learning packet and submit answers for assessment.

Transcripts

yolanda

[Music]

good day russians i'm mr olyssie franco

your instructor in earth and life

science this is another instructional

video for earth and life science week

two and now we're in unit number three

but before we start with our lesson

let's pray first

[Music]

in the name of the father and of the son

and of the holy spirit

amen

almighty father

being the true source of light and

wisdom grant us the grace of

understanding of knowledge and

enlightenment of mind for us to truly

understand the lessons

which are designed for us by our

teachers

with love and compassion

we humbly pray that you will continue to

heal our land against this pandemic that

we are facing right now

guide us o lord unworthy as we are

lord our father

make us your servant to become servant

to others

make us to become more in love for us to

give love to others and lord

continue to make us humbly knowledgeable

of our chosen expertise that we become

share of this knowledge to others

this we ask through your most holy name

together with your begotten son our lord

jesus christ with the holy spirit

forever and ever amen

san lorenzo ruiz pray for us

jesus you are my lord my happiness lies

in you alone

in the name of the father and of the son

and of the holy spirit amen

[Music]

how are you today i hope that you and

your loved ones are in good condition

before we start with another lesson

let us recap what we have discussed in

our last video

our last topic is all about geologic

time skill we've discussed different

ways of dating and placing the different

events that happen during the past using

the relative and absolute dating and

also we focus on the phanerozoic eon or

the timeline of the different species

that occurred in the past time of our

earth

we have first the paleozoic era

or the early life which included the

cambrian or division silurian devonian

carbony peruse and permian period

we've discussed the mesozoic era or the

middle life which flourished the

reptiles and dinosaurs it included the

triassic jurassic and creatures period

and lastly we've discussed about

xenosovic era or the new life which

included the flourish of mammal life it

included the paleogene neogene and

quaternary peru

now we are going to ayun unit which is

unit number 3 but before we start with

our lesson i want you to get yourself

ready and have your learning packet with

you

now that you are ready let's start with

our lesson

now let's move on to unit number three

as part of our week number two which is

all about

natural hazards mitigation and

adaptation it includes two topics which

are first the geologic processes and

hydro meteorological phenomena and

hazards and the second one is the marine

and coastal processes and their effects

let us first discuss the first topic or

the first lesson the geologic processes

and hydro meteorological hazards and

phenomena

for this lesson we have two objectives

for objective number one we have

describe the various types of hazard

that may happen in the event of

earthquakes volcanic eruptions

landslides tropical cyclones monsoons

floods ipoipo or buhawi

and using hazard maps identify areas

that are prone to hazards brought about

by the earthquakes volcanic eruptions

landslides trophical cyclones monsoons

floods ecoepos or bohawis

let us first discuss earthquake you have

learned in your grade 8 science and

grade 10 science the different things

about earthquake which is all about its

strength which is measured by magnitude

and its effect which is measured through

intensity you've learned about different

things that causes earthquakes and that

it is not predicted and it may happen

all the time

but

now we will only discuss the hazards

that are brought by earthquake and other

uh geologic processes and hydro

meteorological phenomena later hazards

is all about the effects that is brought

by the aftermath of an earthquake

volcanic eruption etc

so that is the focus of our discussion

now for earthquake massive movement of

plates may result to damage or collapse

of structures fissures liquefaction

landslide and tsunami these are the

hazards that earthquake can brought to

our community supplying macaron and

damage

properties

that's

uh

tsunami because of underwater

earthquakes liquefaction

[Music]

and also fish

next we have volcanic eruption

volcanic eruptions brought different

enhancers as lava flow ash clouds

and then also it really says different

fiery materials

that may cause fires

and also

young muds or natal

hearts

to the community that is surrounding it

and aside from that

houses or structures within the danger

zone of the volcano

next one is the landslides very common

in our country when it comes to heavy

rain usually merong landslide

so it brings or it brought different

hazards such as rock falls or rock

slides debris flows and mud flows okay

so young landslide

rocks from higher surface to lower

surface so unless like i say it's a form

of erosion okay it's another erosion

movement of rocks or from one place or

from a higher place to a lower place

okay so another one is the bristles

individual

and mud floors

another hazard

community

next one is the trophical cyclone so or

not in baguio did some filipinas

it causes different hazards such as

storm surge flooding strong or high

winds extreme rainfall swirls landslides

and mud flows

so undamaging effects

been abroad about non-tropical cyclones

[Music]

rainfall but

that will lead to flooding landslides

and mud flows

next one is the monsoons

it is a seasonal

partnership weather and appliance

monsoon we have two monsoons in the

philippines and

in weather systems we have the southwest

monsoon and the northeast monsoon

southwest monsoon is responsible for

heavy rains

[Music]

december or january

next one is the plants floods or

it brought different hazards or it

brings different hazards such as

inundation erosion movement of large

particles drowning electrocution and

infection

or itchiness or skin

movement of large particles also may

also be the one of the hazards brought

by the floods

and lastly

let us first differentiate what is ipo

and buhawi when we say

it is whirling of winds

produced or formed

above a water area

process and natural geologic process and

hydro meteorological phenomena

so now if you want to learn more about

this lesson you can open the file nueva

c hazards map and philippine hazards map

parameters

geologic and hydro meteorological

processes

now before we finally end this lesson i

want you to answer the values

integration on your learning packet

which is here our country is located

just above the filipino plate or the

pacific ring of fire where most

earthquake and volcanic eruptions occur

along the mountain

true solidarity our one of our core

values how can we minimize the damages

brought by these natural disasters

and why is the story preparedness

everyone's responsibility

think about it write your insights about

this values integration on your learning

packet

now it's time for us to check how you

understand our lesson but if you still

have questions in your mind you can

contact me during our consultation hours

let's check your understanding answer

activity 3 on your assessment sheets

that's it for our

[Music]

you