MENGENAL SKALA LIKERT SEBAGAI SKALA PENGUKURAN

Chodidjah Makarim

2 Mar 202110:39

Summary

TLDRIn this video, Khodijah Makarim introduces the Likert scale as a vital measurement tool commonly used in research to gauge perceptions, attitudes, and opinions, especially in social psychology and surveys. She explains how the Likert scale works, including its common structure (usually a 5-point scale), how it measures ordinal data, and its relevance for understanding respondent attitudes. Makarim also highlights the importance of designing clear, positive statements for ease in data analysis and advises on best practices for crafting Likert scale questionnaires, particularly for undergraduate research.

Takeaways

📏 The Likert scale is a measurement tool often used in research to gauge perceptions, attitudes, or opinions.
🔄 It is important to use one measurement tool for a single purpose; different tools are needed for different measurements.
⚖️ The Likert scale is psychometric, developed by social psychologist Rensis Likert, and is used to study social psychology through surveys.
🔢 Likert scales typically use ordinal data and are useful for measuring attitudes, perceptions, and opinions.
🌍 Common uses of the Likert scale include measuring opinions in social phenomena such as student perceptions, employee attitudes, and customer satisfaction.
👍 The scale can measure both positive and negative perceptions or attitudes and should be consistently formatted within the same questionnaire.
📝 Likert scales often have 5, 7, or 9 points, with 5 being the most commonly used.
🔄 When using a 5-point scale, the options usually range from 'strongly disagree' to 'strongly agree,' with neutral options in the middle.
💡 When constructing Likert scales, it's recommended to maintain either all positive or all negative statements for ease of analysis.
🛠 Likert scales should be derived from variables and sub-variables, with clear indicators and parameters to support accurate measurement.

Q & A

What is the Likert scale used for?
-The Likert scale is used to measure attitudes, opinions, and perceptions, particularly in social science research, such as in surveys related to social psychology.
What type of data does the Likert scale measure?
-The Likert scale measures ordinal data, which represents ordered categories but does not quantify the exact differences between them.
What is the origin of the Likert scale?
-The Likert scale was developed by Rensis Likert, a social psychologist from the United States.
In what context is the Likert scale most commonly used?
-The Likert scale is most commonly used in survey-based research to gather insights on respondents' attitudes, opinions, and perceptions, often in studies related to psychology, education, and marketing.
What are the typical response options in a Likert scale with five levels?
-In a typical five-level Likert scale, the response options might be: 1. Strongly disagree, 2. Disagree, 3. Neutral, 4. Agree, and 5. Strongly agree.
How can researchers handle positive and negative statements in a Likert scale?
-When using a Likert scale with both positive and negative statements, researchers must carefully assign the correct values, ensuring that positive responses align with higher values and negative responses align with lower values, to avoid confusion during data analysis.
Why is it recommended to use only positive statements in Likert scales for undergraduate research?
-Using only positive statements in Likert scales is recommended for undergraduate research to simplify data analysis, as it reduces the need to track which items are positive or negative, making the process quicker and less prone to errors.
What are some common response scales used in Likert scales besides the five-point scale?
-Besides the five-point scale, Likert scales can also use four-point, seven-point, or nine-point scales, with the four-point scale often eliminating a neutral option, while seven- and nine-point scales offer more granular responses.
What kind of phenomena can be measured using the Likert scale?
-The Likert scale is typically used to measure social phenomena such as perceptions, attitudes, and opinions, for example, student attitudes, employee satisfaction, or customer feedback on products.
Why should Likert scale questions be consistent in format within a survey?
-Likert scale questions should be consistent in format (e.g., either all statements or all questions) to ensure clarity and avoid confusing the respondents, making the data easier to interpret.

Outlines

00:00

📏 Introduction to Likert Scale and Its Purpose

The speaker, Khodijah Makarim, begins by introducing the Likert scale, a measurement tool commonly used in research to gauge opinions and processes. She explains that measurement tools are typically designed for a single purpose, much like how a scale for measuring weight differs from one used to measure height. The Likert scale is introduced as a tool specifically used for ordinal data, meaning it helps measure variables that can be ranked in order but do not have a true zero point, often used in psychological and social research.

05:02

🔢 Structure and Choices in Likert Scale

This paragraph explains the structure of Likert scales, which usually have an odd number of options (commonly five or seven). The speaker provides examples, such as a scale from 'strongly disagree' to 'strongly agree', where each response is assigned a numerical value. She discusses how positive and negative responses are ranked and suggests that for ease of analysis, especially for undergraduates, using only positive statements might be more manageable. The paragraph concludes with advice on constructing the scale, emphasizing the importance of consistency and clarity in the questions or statements used.

10:04

📊 Practical Tips for Using Likert Scales in Research

In the final section, Khodijah Makarim reinforces the importance of using Likert scales for ordinal data and provides practical advice for those preparing research instruments. She emphasizes the need to break down variables into sub-variables and indicators, which then form the foundation for the Likert scale. The paragraph ends with a reminder to properly organize these elements in tables for clarity, making the proposal or research tool easier for supervisors to review.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Likert Scale

The Likert Scale is a psychometric scale commonly used to measure people's attitudes, opinions, or perceptions through surveys. In the video, it is emphasized that the Likert scale measures ordinal data, often used in social research to assess how respondents feel about a certain topic, like customer satisfaction or employee attitudes. Examples in the script include its use for measuring perceptions and attitudes in surveys.

💡Ordinal Data

Ordinal data refers to a type of data that represents categories with a meaningful order but without consistent differences between categories. The video mentions that the Likert scale is typically used to measure ordinal data, meaning it captures the ranking or order of perceptions or attitudes, such as 'strongly agree' to 'strongly disagree', without specifying exact differences between these points.

💡Psychometric

Psychometric refers to the field of study focused on the theory and techniques of psychological measurement, which includes measuring knowledge, abilities, attitudes, and personality traits. The video highlights that the Likert scale is a psychometric tool, used to gauge psychological aspects like perceptions and attitudes in a structured manner, particularly in social psychology research.

💡Rensis Likert

Rensis Likert was a social psychologist from the United States, who developed the Likert scale, a widely used method for measuring attitudes and opinions in research. The video mentions him as the originator of the Likert scale and credits his work in shaping how researchers assess subjective responses.

💡Survey Research

Survey research involves collecting data from a predefined group of respondents to gain insights into attitudes, opinions, behaviors, or characteristics. The video discusses how the Likert scale is particularly useful in survey research, especially when measuring variables like attitudes, perceptions, or satisfaction, often used in market research or psychological studies.

💡Bipolar Scale

A bipolar scale refers to a scale that measures responses across two opposite extremes, such as 'positive' and 'negative' attitudes. The video describes how the Likert scale can be bipolar, capturing both positive and negative perceptions, and how these responses are ordered numerically to reflect the strength of opinions.

💡Social Phenomena

Social phenomena refer to observable events or reactions that occur within society. The video explains that the Likert scale is often used to measure perceptions, opinions, or attitudes toward various social phenomena, such as people's views on public policies, products, or services.

💡Positive and Negative Statements

In the context of the Likert scale, positive and negative statements are used to evaluate respondents' attitudes or perceptions. The video suggests that researchers can structure their questionnaires with either positive or negative statements, and advises making all statements positive for simpler analysis, especially for undergraduate research projects.

💡Odd vs Even Scale

Odd vs. even scale refers to whether the Likert scale uses an odd or even number of response options, impacting whether a neutral midpoint is available. The video explains that a 5-point scale is common, offering a neutral option, while an even-numbered scale, such as 4, eliminates neutrality and forces respondents to lean either positively or negatively.

💡Perception

Perception refers to the way individuals interpret or understand a particular subject, shaped by their experiences and context. The video mentions that the Likert scale is commonly used to measure perceptions, such as how students, employees, or consumers view certain issues, products, or situations. It captures subjective responses based on these personal views.

Highlights

Introduction to the Likert scale, a commonly used tool for measuring research processes, especially in surveys.

Each measurement tool is designed for one specific purpose, similar to how different tools measure weight, height, or length.

The Likert scale measures ordinal data, commonly used for gathering information related to social psychology, attitudes, and perceptions.

Rensis Likert, a social psychologist from the United States, introduced the Likert scale, which is used to collect data on respondents' opinions and attitudes.

The Likert scale is particularly useful for measuring attitudes, perceptions, and opinions, often used in surveys.

The scale can measure bipolar dimensions, both negative and positive, with a structured set of responses.

It's important to maintain consistency between questions or statements, either keeping all as questions or all as statements in a Likert survey.

The Likert scale often uses odd-numbered ranges (5, 7, or 9 points) to allow for a neutral midpoint, although neutral options can sometimes be omitted.

Example of a 5-point scale: 1 (Strongly Disagree), 2 (Disagree), 3 (Neutral), 4 (Agree), 5 (Strongly Agree).

Likert scales can also be adapted to reflect opposite ends of an attitude, such as 'like' vs 'dislike', in marketing or consumer preference studies.

Researchers must be cautious when mixing positive and negative statements, as this can complicate data analysis.

For ease of analysis, particularly for undergraduate research, it is recommended to use all-positive statements in a Likert scale.

Postgraduate students may incorporate both positive and negative scales, but this requires careful attention during analysis.

The Likert scale is a psychometric tool that links the survey's structure to its variables, sub-variables, indicators, and parameters.

For clarity, researchers should organize their Likert scale data collection in tables that descend from variables to sub-variables and indicators, making it easier for advisors to review.