8 CIRI UTAMA PENELITIAN KUANTITATIF

Summary

In this presentation, Khodijah Makarim outlines the eight key characteristics of quantitative research. These include deductive reasoning, focusing on causal relationships between variables, and starting with theory. The research uses numerical, primary data collected through standardized instruments, and relies on large sample sizes for reliable results. Measurement scales such as Likert scales are often employed, and findings can be generalized to broader populations or settings. Makarim reassures students concerned about statistical methods, encouraging them to seek mentorship if needed. The goal is to empower students to confidently use quantitative research in their academic work, including theses and dissertations.

Takeaways

• 😀 The first key feature of quantitative research is deductive thinking, where you move from general theories to specific observations.
• 😀 Quantitative research emphasizes identifying relationships between variables, particularly cause-and-effect relationships (e.g., between X and Y).
• 😀 Research starts with theory in quantitative studies, unlike qualitative research, which often begins with observation or data collection.
• 😀 Data collected in quantitative research is numeric, with a primary focus on primary data collection (e.g., surveys, experiments).
• 😀 The sample size and population in quantitative research are typically large, unlike qualitative research where smaller, focused samples are common.
• 😀 Standardized instruments are used in quantitative research, which are validated and tested for both internal and external validity.
• 😀 Quantitative research employs measurement scales, such as Likert scales, to ensure consistent and valid data collection.
• 😀 The results of quantitative research can be generalized, meaning they can be applied to other contexts or populations beyond the study sample.
• 😀 Students are encouraged to use existing validated measurement scales from other studies (e.g., from previous theses) to ensure reliability and accuracy.
• 😀 Students should not hesitate to pursue quantitative research due to concerns over mathematics or statistics, as these skills are already learned during coursework, and mentoring support is available.

Q & A

What is the main difference between deductive and inductive reasoning in research?

In quantitative research, the main approach is deductive reasoning, which starts from general theories and moves to specific conclusions. In contrast, qualitative research typically begins with inductive reasoning, where observations lead to the formation of theories.

How does quantitative research demonstrate the relationship between variables?

Quantitative research focuses on identifying relationships between variables, often analyzing cause-and-effect connections. For example, it may examine how one variable (X) affects another (Y), which is key to formulating hypotheses and testing theories.

Why is theory important in quantitative research?

Quantitative research starts with an established theory, which helps define the variables and form hypotheses. This theoretical foundation guides the research design and ensures that the study is rooted in existing knowledge.

What types of data are used in quantitative research?

Quantitative research primarily relies on numerical data, which is typically primary data collected directly from research subjects. This data is analyzed statistically to test hypotheses and draw conclusions.

How large should the population and sample size be in quantitative research?

Quantitative research generally requires a large population and sample size to ensure that the results are statistically significant and can be generalized. This contrasts with qualitative research, which may use smaller samples.

What is the role of standardized instruments in quantitative research?

Standardized instruments are used in quantitative research to measure variables consistently. These instruments are validated to ensure reliability and accuracy in data collection, which is critical for the integrity of the study.

What types of measurement scales are commonly used in quantitative research?

Quantitative research often uses measurement scales such as Likert scales, which are commonly used to measure attitudes, opinions, or behaviors. These scales can be ordinal or other types depending on the research objectives.

What is the importance of generalizability in quantitative research?

Generalizability refers to the ability to apply the results of a study to a broader population or different situations. In quantitative research, this is crucial because the aim is to make findings applicable beyond the specific sample studied.

How can students overcome challenges with the statistical aspects of quantitative research?

Students who feel uncertain about the statistical analysis in quantitative research can seek help from mentors or tutors who specialize in statistics. They can also use resources like statistical guides or software to assist with data analysis.

What are some of the benefits of using quantitative research for a thesis or dissertation?

Quantitative research allows for a clear, structured approach to testing hypotheses and analyzing data. It provides objective, measurable results that can be generalized to a wider population, making it a powerful method for rigorous academic studies such as theses and dissertations.