REAKSI REDOKS - SIMPLE KONSEP - KIMIA (Kursus Online Rp8.000 per BULAN : cek deskripsi)

Bimbel SMARRT
24 Jan 201515:21

Summary

TLDRThis script discusses the concepts of redox reactions, focusing on reduction and oxidation. It explains that oxidation involves the gain of oxygen, while reduction is the loss of oxygen. The script further delves into the transfer of electrons, where oxidation is associated with electron loss and reduction with electron gain. It also covers the role of oxidizing and reducing agents, and how changes in oxidation numbers indicate redox reactions. The video concludes with examples of disproportionation and comproportionation reactions, emphasizing the importance of understanding these principles in chemistry.

Takeaways

  • 🔹 Redox reactions involve both reduction and oxidation processes, where reduction is the loss of oxygen, and oxidation is the gain of oxygen.
  • 🔹 There are three main concepts related to redox reactions: oxygen transfer, electron transfer, and changes in oxidation numbers.
  • 🔹 Oxidation is defined as the process of losing electrons, while reduction is the process of gaining electrons.
  • 🔹 In a redox reaction, the substance that gets reduced is called the oxidizing agent (oxidator), and the substance that gets oxidized is called the reducing agent (reductor).
  • 🔹 The third concept of redox reactions involves changes in oxidation numbers, where oxidation results in an increase in oxidation number and reduction results in a decrease.
  • 🔹 Rules for determining oxidation numbers include: elements in their free state have an oxidation number of zero, fluorine is always -1, and hydrogen is usually +1 except when combined with metals.
  • 🔹 Metals typically have positive oxidation numbers, and the total oxidation number in a compound must sum to zero.
  • 🔹 There are four types of reactions based on oxidation numbers: non-redox reactions (no change in oxidation numbers), redox reactions (change in oxidation numbers), disproportionation reactions (same substance undergoes both oxidation and reduction), and conproportionation reactions (two different substances produce a common product with the same oxidation number).
  • 🔹 Disproportionation reactions occur when a single element undergoes both oxidation and reduction, while conproportionation reactions result in the same oxidation number for the final product.
  • 🔹 Understanding these concepts is crucial for analyzing and balancing redox reactions effectively, as well as predicting the behavior of elements during chemical reactions.

Q & A

  • What is the difference between oxidation and reduction reactions?

    -Oxidation is a reaction where a substance binds with oxygen, while reduction is a reaction where a substance releases oxygen. In simpler terms, oxidation involves the gain of oxygen, and reduction involves the loss of oxygen.

  • What is the relationship between oxidation-reduction reactions and electron transfer?

    -Oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions are closely related to the transfer of electrons. Oxidation involves the loss of electrons, and reduction involves the gain of electrons.

  • Can you provide an example of a reduction reaction from the script?

    -An example of a reduction reaction is Fe2O3 + CO becoming V + 3 CO2. Here, Fe2O3 releases oxygen and changes into Fe.

  • What is an oxidizing agent and what is its role in a redox reaction?

    -An oxidizing agent is a substance that experiences reduction during a redox reaction. It causes another substance to be oxidized by accepting electrons.

  • What is a reducing agent and what happens to it during a redox reaction?

    -A reducing agent is a substance that experiences oxidation during a redox reaction. It causes another substance to be reduced by donating electrons.

  • How is the oxidation state related to redox reactions?

    -The oxidation state is an indicator of the degree of oxidation of an atom in a chemical compound. A change in oxidation state signifies a redox reaction where the substance either gains or loses electrons.

  • What is the rule for determining the oxidation state of free elements?

    -The rule for free elements is that their oxidation state is always zero. For example, Cl2 has an oxidation state of zero.

  • How do you calculate the oxidation state of an element in a compound?

    -The oxidation state of an element in a compound is calculated based on the sum of the oxidation states of all atoms in the compound, which must equal zero.

  • What is the significance of the oxidation state in polyatomic ions?

    -The oxidation state of a polyatomic ion is equal to its charge. For example, the oxidation state of CO32- is -2.

  • What are the four types of reactions based on the principle of oxidation states mentioned in the script?

    -The four types are: 1) Non-redox reactions where there is no change in oxidation states, 2) Redox reactions involving both an increase and a decrease in oxidation states, 3) Disproportionation reactions where a single substance acts as both oxidizing and reducing agents, and 4) Comproportionation reactions where the products of oxidation and reduction are the same.

  • Can you give an example of a disproportionation reaction from the script?

    -An example of a disproportionation reaction is Cl2 + NaOH becoming NaCl + NaClO + H2O. Here, chlorine acts as both an oxidizing and reducing agent.

Outlines

00:00

🔬 Basic Concepts of Redox Reactions

The first paragraph introduces the fundamental concepts of redox reactions, which involve the transfer of electrons between substances. It explains that oxidation is the process where oxygen is bound to a substance, while reduction is the process where oxygen is released. The paragraph provides examples of both processes, such as the reaction of iron with oxygen to form iron oxide (oxidation) and the reaction of iron oxide with carbon monoxide to produce iron and carbon dioxide (reduction). It also introduces the concept of oxidation numbers and how they change during redox reactions.

05:01

📚 Rules for Assigning Oxidation Numbers

The second paragraph delves into the rules for assigning oxidation numbers to elements in compounds. It mentions that free elements have an oxidation number of zero and provides examples such as chlorine (Cl2) and hydrogen (H2). The paragraph also explains the typical oxidation numbers for metals, which are positive, and nonmetals, which can vary. It outlines specific rules for different groups in the periodic table, such as group 1A metals always having a +1 oxidation number, and group 7A nonmetals typically having -1. Exceptions are also discussed, such as hydrogen's variable oxidation number depending on whether it is bonded with a metal or nonmetal.

10:02

🌐 Types of Redox Reactions

The third paragraph categorizes redox reactions into four types based on changes in oxidation numbers. It describes non-redox reactions where there is no change in oxidation numbers, such as the reaction between copper and silver ions. It then explains redox reactions where there is both an increase and a decrease in oxidation numbers, such as the reaction between permanganate and iron ions. The paragraph also covers disproportionation reactions, where a single substance acts as both an oxidizing and reducing agent, and comproportionation reactions, where the oxidizing and reducing agents are different.

15:04

🔄 Comproportionation Reactions

The fourth paragraph focuses on comproportionation reactions, where the product of reduction is the same as the product of oxidation. It uses the reaction between hydrogen sulfide and oxygen as an example, explaining how sulfur's oxidation number changes from -2 to 0 and +4, indicating both oxidation and reduction processes. The paragraph emphasizes that in comproportionation reactions, the products of reduction and oxidation are identical.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Redox Reaction

A redox reaction is a type of chemical reaction that involves the transfer of electrons between two species. In the video, redox reactions are the central theme, where 'red' stands for reduction and 'ox' stands for oxidation. The script explains redox reactions through the concepts of oxygen binding and release, electron acceptance and donation, and changes in oxidation states.

💡Oxidation

Oxidation is a chemical process where a substance loses electrons or increases its oxidation state. The video describes oxidation as a reaction where oxygen is bound to a substance, using the example of Fe reacting with O2 to form Fe2O3, illustrating the increase in oxidation state.

💡Reduction

Reduction is the gain of electrons or a decrease in oxidation state by a molecule, atom, or ion. The script provides the example of Fe2O3 reacting with CO to form Fe and CO2, showing the release of oxygen and a decrease in the oxidation state of iron.

💡Electron Transfer

Electron transfer is a key aspect of redox reactions, where electrons are either donated or accepted. The video script mentions that oxidation involves the loss of electrons and reduction involves the gain of electrons, with examples such as the transformation of Ca to Ca2+ and S2- to SO42-.

💡Oxidizing Agent

An oxidizing agent, also known as an oxidant, is a substance that has the ability to oxidize other substances and is itself reduced. In the script, sulfur is mentioned as an oxidizing agent that gets reduced during the reaction.

💡Reducing Agent

A reducing agent, or reductant, is a substance that donates electrons to another substance and is itself oxidized. The video uses the example of carbon (C) being oxidized to CO2, where carbon acts as a reducing agent.

💡Oxidation State

Oxidation state is a measure of the degree of oxidation of an atom in a substance, expressed as a number. The script explains how to calculate oxidation states using rules such as the oxidation state of free elements being zero and that of hydrogen usually being +1.

💡Disproportionation Reaction

A disproportionation reaction is a type of redox reaction where a single substance is both oxidized and reduced. The script uses the example of Cl2 reacting with NaOH to form NaCl and water, where chlorine changes from an oxidation state of 0 to both -1 and +1.

💡Comproportionation Reaction

Comproportionation is the opposite of disproportionation, where two different substances with different oxidation states react to form a single product with an intermediate oxidation state. The video mentions H2S reacting with O2 to form SO2 and water, where sulfur changes from -2 to +4.

💡Non-Redox Reaction

A non-redox reaction is a chemical reaction where there is no change in the oxidation states of the atoms involved. The script contrasts this with redox reactions by stating that in non-redox reactions, the oxidation states remain the same before and after the reaction.

💡Oxidation Number

Oxidation number, also known as oxidation state, is used to track the movement of electrons in a redox reaction. The video script explains the rules for determining oxidation numbers, such as always being zero for free elements and positive for metals in their elemental form.

Highlights

Introduction to redox reactions, which involve the transfer of electrons and changes in oxidation states.

Definition of oxidation as a reaction involving the gain of oxygen.

Definition of reduction as a reaction involving the loss of oxygen.

Example of an oxidation reaction where iron(III) oxide reacts with carbon monoxide.

Example of a reduction reaction where iron(III) oxide is reduced by carbon monoxide.

Explanation of redox reactions in terms of electron transfer, with oxidation involving the loss of electrons and reduction involving the gain of electrons.

Description of an oxidizing agent, which is a substance that gets reduced during a redox reaction.

Description of a reducing agent, which is a substance that gets oxidized during a redox reaction.

Explanation of how changes in oxidation numbers are used to identify redox reactions.

Rule that the oxidation number of a free element is always zero.

Explanation of oxidation numbers for metals and nonmetals in various groups of the periodic table.

Clarification that the oxidation number of hydrogen is usually +1, except when bonded with metals where it can be -1.

Exception to the oxidation number rules for oxygen in compounds like H2O2 and CO2.

Rule that the sum of oxidation numbers in a compound must equal zero.

Example of calculating the oxidation number of sulfur in H2SO4.

Classification of reactions based on changes in oxidation numbers: non-redox, redox, oxidation, and reduction reactions.

Explanation of disproportionation reactions where the same element is both oxidized and reduced.

Explanation of comproportionation reactions where the products of reduction and oxidation are the same.

Transcripts

play00:01

Hai pada bagian ini kita akan

play00:02

mempelajari mengenai Reaksi reduksi dan

play00:06

oksidasi atau sering disingkat redoks

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Hai Ada tiga konsep mengenai Reaksi

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reduksi dan oksidasi menjadi kita akan

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mempelajari satu persatu dari konsep

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tersebut yang pertama eh konsep reduksi

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dan oksidasi dikaitkan dengan pengikatan

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dan pelepasan dari oksigen yang kita

play00:31

dapat lihat di sini oksidasi adalah

play00:35

reaksi pengikatan oksigen Reaksi reduksi

play00:39

adalah reaksi pelepasan oksigen contoh

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dari reaksinya 4fv ditambah tiga O2

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menjadi dua fe2 O3 jadi Disini

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Hai bereaksi dengan oksigen sehingga

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oksigennya diikat masuk ke dalam FF

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untuk reaksi reduksi reaksi pelepasan

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dapat dilihat contohnya fe2 O3 ditambah

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CEO menjadi V + 3 CO2 disini dapat

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dilihat fe2 O3

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Hai berubah menjadi Eve jadi ada Oksigen

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yang dilepas ini adalah termasuk reaksi

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reduksi jadi oksidasi adalah pengikatan

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oksigen reduksi adalah reaksi pelepasan

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oksigen untuk konsep yang pertama

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Hai konsep yang kedua mengenai

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pengikatan atau penerimaan dan pelepasan

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elektron

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Hai dapat dilihat disini oksidasi

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termasuk reaksi yang melepaskan elektron

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reduksi adalah reaksi penerimaan

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elektron contohnya cea menjadi CO2 + + 2

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e jadi elektron disini dilepaskan dari

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atom netral Caca kemudian sulfur

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mengikat elektron sehingga dia bermuatan

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2min untuk cara melepas elektron

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muatannya menjadi dua plus kalau dua

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reaksi ini digabungkan menjadi reaksi

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redoks cea ditambah es menjadi ca2 + dan

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SS2 mint atau mereka akan bergabung

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menjadi castlemassage2017 baru yaitu

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oksidator oksidator adalah zat yang

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mengalami reduksi jadi disini dapat

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dilihat sulfur yang mengalami reduksi ya

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sulfur mengalami reduksi dia disebut

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oksidator kemudian reduktor adalah zat

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yang mengalami oksidasi disini adalah

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Caca dia mengalami oksidasi menjadi cr12

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untuk konsumen Ertiga mengenai bilangan

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oksidasi jadi ada peningkatan dan

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penurunan bilangan oksidasi ya untuk

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oksidasi sendiri adalah reaksi yang

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melibatkan peningkatan bilangan oksidasi

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reduksi adalah reaksi yang melibatkan

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penurunan bilangan oksidasi contohnya

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dapat dilihat di bawah sini

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malem2 pbno32 kali menjadi al03 tiga

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kali tambah pede KL di sini bilangan

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oksidasi etanol berubah menjadi 13 ini

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adalah reaksi peningkatan atau reaksi

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oksidasi PB sebelah kiri 2 + di sebelah

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kanan nol ini ada termasuk reaksi

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reduksi atau

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Hai disini juga ada oksidator oksidator

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adalah zat yang mengalami

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Hai reduksi dalam kasus ini adalah

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pbno32 kali ya dia yang mengalami

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reduksi reduktornya adalah KL karena ia

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mengalami oksidasi hasil dari reduksi

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dapat dilihat di contoh soal berikut ini

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yaitu PB ya hasil oksidasinya adalah

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am03 tiga kali jadi setelah reaksi

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oksidasi menghasilkan a53m tiga kali

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setelah hasil reduksi menghasilkan PB

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nah konsep ketiga ini akan kita bahas

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lebih lanjut dan dipakai sampai saat ini

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adalah konsep yang ketiga yaitu

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penurunan dan peningkatan bilangan

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oksidasi

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Hai Apa itu bilangan oksidasi ya karena

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kita akan mempelajari konsep ketiga

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mengenai peningkatan dan penurunan

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bilangan oksidasi jadi kita harus tahu

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dulu Apa itu bilangan oksidasi jadi ada

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aturan mengenai bilangan oksidasi

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sebenarnya bilangan oksidasi ini mirip

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dengan muatan ya dia mirip dengan muatan

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yang diemban oleh suatu atom tapi tidak

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serta merta setiap muatan itu adalah

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bilangan oksidasinya jadi ada aturan

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mengenai bilangan oksidasi yang pertama

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aturannya adalah unsur bebas bilangan

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oksidasinya selalu nol contoh unsur

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bebas yang ada di alam bebas ya cl2 jadi

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disini bilangan oksidasi CL selalu nol

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terus ada H2 hidrogen ada juga oksigen

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O2 nitrogen kalau logam fe kalau berdiri

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sendiri deh juga no dan semua jenis

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logam yang berdiri sendiri juga termasuk

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sebebasnya nilai bilangan oksidasinya

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nol yang

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klorin F bernilai selalu minus 1 Jadi

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kalau ketemu atom F misalnya dalam HF

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Udah pasti fb-nya itu

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yo yah jadi yang kita cari hapus haknya

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yaitu persatu yang ketiga logam selalu

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bernilai positif tidak ada logam yang

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bernilai negatif nah logam ini dari

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golongan 1A 2a 3a dan golongan transisi

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ya untuk golongan 1A itu selalu plus

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satu hanya ada satu jenis contohnya

play06:08

[Musik]

play06:10

linaylin6088 selalu Plus 2 yang ada EMG

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ada C ada bea yang ini selalu kelas

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Hai kalau dia dalam kondisi berikatan

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dengan atom lainnya kalau dia berdiri

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sendirian 09 oksidasinya Kemudian untuk

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golongan transisi ya golongan transisi

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adalah golongan B ini ada banyak

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macamnya lebih dari satu macam bilangan

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oksidasinya golongan B itu adalah take

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di sini ada i

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Hai transisi dan transisi dalam transisi

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dalam ini di bawah sini ya dapat dilihat

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if tabel periodiknya kemudian juga kalau

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kita lihat selain logam ada non logam

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nonlogam itu dari golongan 4A ya di sini

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4A 5A nomaden 7-8 Al ya untuk 4A

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biasanya plus tua atau ke-4 untuk

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golongan 5A ya jadi golongan 5-an itu

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biasanya min 3 golongan 6A itu biasanya

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mint dua ya ini ini selalu sih golongan

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7A min 1 dan golongan 8A itu sudah

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stabil jadi dia nilainya penolong kep

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Hai kemudian yang keempat aturannya

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untuk ion itu sama dengan muatan yang

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contoh fe12 ya dia bilang oksidasi

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adalah dua kalau ada S2 mint ya dia

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bilang oksidasi dari khas adalah min 20

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yang kelima untuk hidrogen umumnya plus

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satu kecuali dengan logam nilainya min 1

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jadi hidrogen dengan unsur lain selain

play08:02

logam itu nilainya persatu kecuali

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dengan nonlogam nilainya mint satu

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contohnya nah ini adalah hidrogen yang

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berikatan dengan logam hidrogen nilainya

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min 1 enaknya 11-1 yang keenam untuk

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oksigen umumnya mit2 umumnya mint dua

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kecuali dalam f2o nilai oksigennya plus

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2 karena F selalu min 1 kemudian H2O 2

play08:29

nilainya min 1 untuk oksigen karena

play08:31

hanya plus satu untuk ko2 nilai Onya

play08:35

ingin setengah karena Kak itu hanya

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nilainya bersatu Ya jadi hati-hati untuk

play08:41

hidrogen dan

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Hai Oksigen yang ada pengecualian

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Kemudian untuk total bilangan oksidasi

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dalam satu senyawa itu adalah nol ya

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contohnya untuk H2 so4 di sini kita

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lihat aturannya hidrogen itu ada di

play08:59

dalam aturan nilainya 41 ya kecuali

play09:02

dengan logam ini s&o ini bukan logam

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jadi Hi to Nilai plus satu tapi ada dua

play09:07

ha ya jadi dua kali persatu es Kita

play09:10

tidak tau S berapa jadi kita tulis tetap

play09:13

bilangan oksidasi SKS tidak ada di dalam

play09:16

aturan Oh umumnya mint dua kecuali

play09:19

dengan f2o H2 O2 dan CO2 nah disini

play09:22

Konya bukan dengan pengecualian berarti

play09:25

on nilainya mendua ada empat atom Oh

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berarti empat kali mint dua kotanya

play09:30

harus sama dengan nol jadi kita bisa

play09:32

menghitung bilangan oksidasinya es

play09:34

sebesar mint eh dua ditambah delapan ya

play09:43

sama

play09:44

The Flash 6 jadi untuk unsur S di dalam

play09:50

H2 so4 itu tidak ada dalam aturan kita

play09:53

bisa cari dari aturan total bilangan

play09:56

oksidasi dalam satu senyawa adalah nol

play09:58

ya jadi nilai bilangan oksidasi dari es

play10:01

adalah + 6 berdasarkan aturan ini

play10:04

selanjutnya untuk ion poliatom itu sama

play10:07

dengan muatannya contoh disini adalah

play10:09

co32 mint berarti total bilangan

play10:11

oksidasinya adalah mint dua ya Ce disini

play10:15

kita tidak ada di dalam Alquran tulis

play10:17

aja Ce tetap Oh ada di dalam aturan dan

play10:20

ini bukan pengecualian berarti Paul

play10:22

nilainya mil dua Nah disini kita dapat

play10:25

nilai bilangan oksidasi dari C adalah +

play10:28

4 ya

play10:32

Hai Nah dari kesimpulan yang sudah kita

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pelajari sebelumnya ada empat jenis

play10:40

reaksi berdasarkan prinsip bilangan

play10:44

oksidasi Yang pertama adalah reaksi

play10:46

bukan redoks artinya tidak ada perubahan

play10:49

bilangan oksidasi di dalam reaksi

play10:52

seperti berikut ini cm nilai yang kedua

play10:55

kookmin 2H itu persatu cellnya jadiin

play10:59

satu cheat aplas 2cr nya ada dua tapi

play11:03

nilainya tetap mint 1H nilainya tetaplah

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satu ada dua pohon nilainya band2 jadi

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disini Cars2 tetap Plus 2 pokoknya Z2

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tetap mint dua disini hanya persatu

play11:18

tetap plus 1cm satu tetap meminta tuh

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tidak tidak ada perubahan bilangan

play11:23

oksidasi ya Jadi kalau tidak ada

play11:25

perubahan itu dibilang reaksi bukan

play11:30

redoks ya tidak ada perubahan

play11:32

Hai film Academy sikap bilangan oksidasi

play11:38

adalah biloks yang kedua jenisnya adalah

play11:40

reaksi redoks Berarti ada perubahan

play11:42

peningkatan dan penurunan disini dapat

play11:45

dilihat m nilainya + 7 menjadi Plus 2

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berarti dia mengalami reduksi ya Eve

play11:52

dari Plus 2 menjadi + 3 mengalami

play11:54

oksidasi jadi ini adalah termasuk reaksi

play11:56

redoks ada oksidator

play12:01

Hai yaitu yang mengalami reduksi adalah

play12:06

Hai disini adalah mno4 minus nya mno4

play12:10

minus reduktornya

play12:14

hai hai

play12:16

ini adalah ST12 nya hasil dari reduksi

play12:20

adalah mm12 ya jadi hasil produksi

play12:26

adalah mn12ces hasil oksidasinya adalah

play12:33

cp13sw

play12:37

Hai kalau hanya ada satu jenis

play12:40

peningkatan aja berarti dia termasuk

play12:42

reaksi oksidasi aja kalau ada penurunan

play12:45

saja Berarti dia hanya termasuk reaksi

play12:47

reduksi es saja untuk redoks ini harus

play12:50

ada peningkatan sekaligus penurunan

play12:52

bilangan oksidasi

play12:55

Hai yang ketiga adalah reaksi

play12:56

disproporsionasi ya di sini depannya

play13:00

contohnya cl2 ditambah NaOH menjadi NaCl

play13:02

tambah NaCl + H2O kita analisa satu-satu

play13:06

ya CL disini nilainya nol enaklah Sabtu

play13:11

ya ini dapat dilihat dari tabel periodik

play13:13

yang enak golongan 1A Oh itu mint dua ha

play13:16

itu persatu enak tetaplah satu cl01 dana

play13:21

disini pil 1cl disini kita cari nanti

play13:23

coc-nya mint dua berarti cellnya menjadi

play13:26

persatu ha itu tetap 01 Onya mint dua ya

play13:30

dapat dilihat Disini

play13:33

Hai CL dari no berubah menjadi min 1 dan

play13:37

CL dari nol sekaligus berubah menjadi

play13:39

persatu ya di sini adalah Reaksi reduksi

play13:45

antara cl2 dengan NaCL itu reaksi

play13:48

reduksi untuk CL dari nol menjadi B1

play13:51

kemudian bawahnya adalah reaksi oksidasi

play13:54

karena CL dari nol menjadi plus satu ini

play13:58

adalah termasuk reaksi disproporsionasi

play14:01

kalau oksidator dan reduktornya sama ya

play14:05

Jadi kita simpulkan reaksi

play14:07

disproporsionasi adalah reaksi gimana

play14:09

oksidator = re doktornya yang terakhir

play14:17

reaksi keempat adalah reaksi

play14:19

konproporsionasi ini kebalikannya

play14:21

disproporsionasi kita dapat analisa

play14:23

dibawah dibawah ini contohnya h2s + O2

play14:27

menjadi es ditambah h2oh disini persatu

play14:31

esnya Band

play14:33

Hai pokoknya mint dua karena ada dua

play14:35

menjadi esnya pos 4 kemudian es disini

play14:39

0k disini persatu dan Oh disini mint dua

play14:42

kita dapat terlihat yang berubah adalah

play14:45

atom S dari mint dua menjadi nol berarti

play14:48

dia mengalami oksidasi ya Kemudian so2

play14:54

dari + 4 menjadi nol juga nah ini

play14:57

mengalami reduksi penurunan ya jadi

play15:01

dapat kita simpulkan bahwa reaksi

play15:04

konproporsionasi adalah reaksi dimana

play15:06

hasil reduksi sama dengan hasil

play15:10

oksidasinya ya ya jadi hasil reduksi

play15:15

sama dengar hasil oksidasi termasuk

play15:18

reaksi konproporsionasi

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Redox ReactionsChemistry BasicsOxidation ProcessReduction ProcessChemical BondingElectron TransferChemical ConceptsMolecular ChangesChemical BalanceEducational Content
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