Bioteknologi & Perkembangannya | Konvensional & Modern - Biologi

Summary

This video introduces biotechnology, tracing its history from traditional methods to modern advancements. It explains how biotechnology, which uses living organisms for useful products, originated thousands of years ago. The script highlights three periods of biotechnology: traditional (fermentation for food and drink), scientific (enzymes and antibiotics), and modern (DNA manipulation and cloning). Examples include the production of tempeh, yogurt, cheese, and genetically modified fruits. It also discusses biotechnology applications in agriculture, animal cloning, and healthcare, such as antibiotics and vaccines, along with the benefits and challenges of both traditional and modern biotechnology.

Takeaways

• 🧀 Mozzarella cheese is made through biotechnology, a process that dates back thousands of years.
• 📜 Biotechnology involves using parts of living organisms to create useful products and services for humans.
• ⚗️ The development of biotechnology can be divided into three periods: traditional, scientific, and modern.
• 🍺 Traditional biotechnology (6000 BCE - 1800 CE) involved using microbes for fermentation in food and drink production like beer, bread, and soy-based products.
• 🔬 The scientific period (1800 BCE - mid-19th century) saw the discovery of enzymes and the introduction of the term 'biotechnology' in 1919.
• 💡 Modern biotechnology (post-WWII to present) involves advanced techniques such as DNA modification and the use of enzymes to improve production processes.
• 🥛 Conventional biotechnology includes fermentation methods for producing foods like tempeh, yogurt, soy sauce, and cheese.
• 🍅 Modern biotechnology has led to innovations like genetically modified fruits that are resistant to spoilage, such as longer-lasting tomatoes.
• 🐑 In livestock, biotechnology has introduced techniques like cloning, exemplified by the first successful animal clone, Dolly the sheep.
• 💉 In medicine, biotechnology has advanced the production of antibiotics, vaccines, and other drugs to improve human health.

Q & A

What is the definition of biotechnology?

Biotechnology is a branch of biology that involves the use of living organisms or their parts to produce goods or services beneficial to humans.

When did humans start applying biotechnology, and what was the method used?

Humans have been applying biotechnology since around 6000 BCE, using fermentation with microorganisms for food and beverage preservation.

What are the three periods in the development of biotechnology?

The three periods are: (1) Traditional Biotechnology (before 1800), marked by fermentation for food and drinks, (2) Scientific Biotechnology (1800-19th century), marked by the discovery of fermentation enzymes, and (3) Modern Biotechnology (post-WWII), characterized by genetic engineering and DNA manipulation.

What is the key difference between traditional and modern biotechnology?

Traditional biotechnology mainly uses fermentation and microorganisms for food processing, while modern biotechnology involves advanced techniques like genetic engineering, DNA manipulation, and the use of enzymes to create new traits in organisms.

What role does fermentation play in biotechnology?

Fermentation is a crucial process in biotechnology, where microorganisms like bacteria or fungi are used to convert sugars into products such as alcohol, yogurt, and bread through biochemical reactions.

Can you provide examples of products created using traditional biotechnology?

Examples include bread, tempeh, yogurt, soy sauce, and cheese, all of which involve the fermentation process.

What is the significance of the enzyme nucleases in modern biotechnology?

Nucleases are enzymes that allow scientists to cut and insert DNA into living organisms, enabling genetic modification, which is a cornerstone of modern biotechnology.

How has modern biotechnology impacted agriculture?

Modern biotechnology has allowed for the creation of genetically modified crops that resist spoilage, such as fruits with delayed ripening, which helps reduce food waste.

What is cloning, and how does it relate to modern biotechnology in animal husbandry?

Cloning is a process where a new organism is produced from the genetic material of an existing one, resulting in a genetically identical copy. This technology, exemplified by the cloning of Dolly the sheep, is a major achievement of modern biotechnology in animal breeding.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of modern biotechnology?

Advantages include precise genetic improvements and the creation of new organisms with beneficial traits. However, it is costly, requires advanced technology, and may have long-term impacts that need careful monitoring.