Health Systems
Summary
TLDRThis YouTube episode delves into the concept of health systems, crucial for global health enthusiasts. It explains health systems as a collective of mechanisms, resources, and processes designed to meet a population's health needs, emphasizing prevention and access to services. The video uses the metaphor of a child's Popsicle stand to illustrate the six building blocks of health systems: leadership, finance, human resources, inventory, infrastructure, and health intelligence. Each component's role in ensuring the system's effectiveness is discussed, highlighting their interdependence and the impact of disruptions.
Takeaways
- 🌟 Health Systems are mechanisms, resources, and processes that meet the health needs of a population, including both treatment and prevention.
- 🏛️ Leadership, management, and governance are crucial for setting policies, coordinating resources, and ensuring accountability within health systems.
- 💼 Health Finance involves sourcing funds through taxation, insurance, out-of-pocket payments, and donations, aiming to provide accessible healthcare without causing financial hardship.
- 👩⚕️ Human Resources for Health is about having the right number and mix of healthcare professionals, such as doctors and nurses, to meet the population's needs.
- 💊 Health Inventory refers to the management of consumables like medicines, diagnostics, and vaccines, requiring effective procurement and supply chain management.
- 🏥 Health Infrastructure encompasses both physical structures like hospitals and clinics and technological systems that support their operation.
- 💡 Health Intelligence is about using data and information for decision-making in healthcare, influencing both clinical practices and health policy.
- 🔄 The building blocks of health systems are interrelated and interdependent, with issues in one area affecting the entire system.
- 👶 The metaphor of a child's Popsicle stand illustrates the components needed to run a health system, from vision and finance to human resources and inventory.
- 🎓 The University of Maryland's graduate school offers an online Global Health certificate program, providing flexible learning opportunities for professionals.
Q & A
What is the primary purpose of a health system?
-A health system's primary purpose is to meet the health needs of a population, which includes not only providing access to health services when people are sick but also implementing measures to prevent illness in the first place.
How does the speaker relate the concept of a health system to a childhood Popsicle stand?
-The speaker uses the metaphor of a childhood Popsicle stand to explain the components of a health system. Just as a Popsicle stand needs leadership, finance, human resources, inventory, infrastructure, and a way to track sales, a health system requires leadership and governance, health finance, human resources for health, health inventory, health infrastructure, and health intelligence.
What are the six building blocks of a health system as outlined in the script?
-The six building blocks of a health system are: 1) Leadership, management, and governance; 2) Health finance; 3) Human resources for health; 4) Health inventory; 5) Health infrastructure; and 6) Health intelligence.
Why is health finance important in a health system?
-Health finance is crucial as it involves finding the necessary funds to operate the health system and allocating those funds to various programs. It aims to ensure people can access healthcare without facing financial catastrophe or impoverishment due to unforeseen health expenses.
What are the five ways most health systems are financed?
-Most health systems are financed through a combination of general taxation, social health insurance, voluntary or private health insurance, out-of-pocket payments, and donations to charities.
How does the concept of 'human resources for health' differ from other components of a health system?
-Human resources for health refers specifically to having the right number and mix of staff, such as doctors, nurses, and lab staff, to ensure the health system operates effectively. It focuses on the personnel aspect of healthcare delivery.
What does 'health inventory' refer to in the context of a health system?
-Health inventory refers to the consumable goods used by the health system on a daily basis, such as medicines, diagnostics, vaccines, etc. It involves a robust procurement and supply chain management system to prevent stockouts and oversupply.
Why is 'health infrastructure' a critical component of a health system?
-Health infrastructure is critical because it includes both physical infrastructure, like hospitals, clinics, and laboratories, and technological infrastructure, like information and communication technology. This ensures the health system operates efficiently and services are accessible to the population.
What role does 'health intelligence' play in a health system?
-Health intelligence involves capturing and using timely and reliable data to support health decision-making. It informs both clinical decision-making and overall health policy and strategy, ensuring the health system adapts to data-driven insights.
How are the building blocks of a health system interconnected?
-The building blocks of a health system are interrelated and interdependent, meaning a disruption or shock in one area can affect the entire system. For example, a shortage in health inventory can impact the effectiveness of healthcare providers, highlighting the need for a holistic approach to health system management.
Outlines
🌟 Introduction to Health Systems
The script introduces the concept of health systems and their importance in global health. It emphasizes the need to strengthen health systems to meet the health needs of populations, not only by providing services when people are sick but also by preventing illness through various programs. The speaker acknowledges the support of the University of Maryland's graduate school and promotes their online Global Health certificate program. The script then uses a metaphor of a child's Popsicle stand to explain the components of a health system, which include leadership, management, finance, human resources, inventory, infrastructure, and health intelligence.
📚 Components of Health Systems
This section delves deeper into the components of health systems using the Popsicle stand analogy. Leadership, management, and governance are crucial for setting policy and direction. Health finance involves funding mechanisms like taxation, insurance, and donations. Human resources ensure the right staff ratios are in place. Inventory management is about procuring and managing consumables like medicines and vaccines. Infrastructure includes both physical facilities and technological systems. Health intelligence involves data collection and analysis to support decision-making. The script highlights the interdependence of these components, noting that issues in one area can affect the entire system.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Health Systems
💡Building Blocks
💡Leadership, Management, and Governance
💡Health Finance
💡Human Resources for Health
💡Health Inventory
💡Health Infrastructure
💡Health Intelligence
💡Preventive Care
💡Popsicle Stand Metaphor
💡Global Health
Highlights
Health systems are mechanisms, resources, and processes that meet the health needs of a population.
Health systems not only provide services when people are sick but also prevent sickness.
The building blocks of health systems include leadership, finance, human resources, inventory, infrastructure, and intelligence.
Leadership in health systems is about setting policy, direction, and vision.
Health finance involves funding operational costs and ensuring access to healthcare without financial catastrophe.
Human resources for health ensure the right number and mix of staff like doctors and nurses.
Health inventory refers to consumables like medicines, diagnostics, and vaccines used daily.
Robust procurement and supply chain management are needed for health inventory.
Health infrastructure includes physical structures like hospitals and clinics, as well as technological systems.
Health intelligence captures and uses data to support health decision-making.
All building blocks of health systems are interrelated and interdependent.
The University of Maryland's graduate school offers an online Global Health certificate.
The one-year certificate program can be applied to a master's degree in Health Sciences.
The Popsicle stand metaphor is used to explain the components of a health system.
Health systems aim to promote healthy life choices and protect people from health hazards.
Healthcare financing systems should ensure access to healthcare without leading to poverty.
Product selection in health inventory involves considering safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness.
The health system's physical infrastructure should be distributed according to population needs.
Health intelligence should inform both clinical and policy decisions in a health system.
Transcripts
we keep hearing the global Health
Community talking about strengthening
Health Systems but what exactly are
Health Systems stay tuned and find out
this is a YouTube channel for people
that are excited about global Health if
that's you and you want to make the
world a better safer healthier place
then this is the place for you please
subscribe if you haven't
before now in this episode we're going
to take a close look at the building
blocks of Health Systems I'm going to
give you a way to remember exactly what
those building blocks are and to
understand exactly how it is that they
work
together but first a big thank you to
the University of Maryland's graduate
school thank you for your support I
couldn't do this without you the
University of Maryland's graduate school
offer a fantastic online Global health
certificate so if you're interested in
studying further but the idea of taking
time out of your career or time with
work is just not possible then doing an
online course is perfect for you and
look I've been in your shoes I wanted to
do an MBA a few years ago and the only
way that I could do it was doing it as a
distance learning online student the
University of Maryland's graduate school
offer a one-year certificate program
which if you want to study further can
be applied to a master's degree in
Health Sciences so if that sounds
interesting to you click on the link in
the description below to find out more
let's talk about Health Systems so what
exactly is a health system so briefly a
health system is all of the mechanisms
and resources and processes that
together meet the health needs of a
population and importantly meeting the
health needs of a population isn't just
about people being able to access health
services when they're sick it's also
about everything that needs to be put in
place to prevent people from getting
sick in the first place things like
programs that are put in place to
promote and facilitate healthy life
choices and mechanisms put in place to
protect people from environmental and
infectious disease
hazards so now we're going to take a
look at what the building blocks what
the components of a health system are
and I'm going to use a little metaphor
that's going to help you understand how
this all fits together when I was about
6 years old I decided as many of you
will have to go into the world of
entrepreneurial capitalism by
establishing a little Popsicle stand on
the pavement outside our house and I
think that the entire Venture LED about
half an hour which was more or less what
my attention span was in those days now
if you can understand the components of
a street side Popsicle stand being run
by a six-year-old then you already know
90% of what you need to know to
understand Health Systems at a country
level so let's first look at what it is
that a Popsicle stand needs firstly you
need a vision you need leadership you
need management and in this case all of
that was me next of course you need
Finance you need some way to finance
your operational costs and in this case
I think between my and my sister's life
savings we had just about enough money
to pay for one or two popsicles that we
were going to sell so you've got your
leadership youve got your Finance in
place the next thing you need is human
resources and for my Popsicle stand it
was really just me and my sister who I
think was very cheap labor if not
completely free the next thing we needed
was inventory right so we've got the
finance and we paying for our human
resources which were quite clearly very
cheap we need to pay for the ongoing
costs of the ingredients of the the
Popsicles themselves we had some fixed
assets or infrastructure and in this
case it was a table and chair generously
donated by my parents and had we been a
successful Popsicle stand we would have
needed a notebook to keep a record of
which flavors of popsicle were most
popular so that we could inform our
future popsicle Sal strategy so now that
you know how to run a Popsicle stand I'm
going to tell you why running a health
system is exactly the same let's have a
look so the building blocks of a health
system are one leadership management and
governance
two Health
Finance three human resources for
health four Health
inventory five Health
infrastructure and six Health
intelligence let's take a closer look at
each of these quickly first of all
leadership management and governance
leadership is about setting the overall
policy the direction the vision of a
health system management is about
coordinating available resources to
achieve that vision and that policy and
governance is about having a transparent
system of accountability Health Finance
is really about where the money comes
from how it is that you find the money
to do the things that you want to do and
how it is that that money is allocated
into the various programs broadly
speaking most health systems are
financed in a combination of five ways
and that is there's there's General
taxation there's social health insurance
there's voluntary or Private health
insurance there's outof pocket payments
and there's donations to Charities most
health systems use a combination of
these five in some shape or form now
ideally what you want from a healthcare
financing system is a way that ensures
that people can Access healthcare and
that people aren't subject to financial
catastrophe or impoverishment there are
places in the world where the number one
reason for going into AB poverty is
unforeseen Health expenses next human
resources for health and this is really
about getting the right number of staff
and the right mix of staff so the right
ratio of doctors to nurses to lab staff
etc etc next inventory now this is
really about the consumables that gets
used up by the health system on a
day-to-day basis things like medicines
Diagnostics vaccines Etc now to get this
right so that you don't have stockouts
and you also don't have over Supply and
and and warehousing problems what you
need is a robust procurement and Supply
Chain management system and this
includes firstly demand forecasting
knowing what's going to what you're
going to need then product selection
which products best meet those needs
then you need to budget you need to
procure you need to sh Warehouse
distribute and have inventory control
management system in place and each one
of those steps can be quite complicated
take product selection for example when
products are selected people need to
take into account the safety the
efficacy and the cost- effectiveness of
those particular products relative to
Alternatives so basically it's
everything that needs to be done to
ensure that the right product is in the
right place at the right time in the
right quantity next infrastructure
firstly there's physical infrastructure
you need to have the right number of
hospitals clinics Laboratories Etc and
you need to have them distributed in the
country in a way that makes sense given
the geographic and de demographic
distribution of the population in that
country and then superimposed upon that
you need technological infrastructure so
things like the right information and
communication technology that's in place
so that the whole system can work
together properly and finally Health
intelligence Health intelligence is
really all about capturing and using
timely and reliable data and information
that will support Health decision-
making and this Health intelligence
should feedback and inform both
day-to-day clinical decision- making and
the overall health policy and strategy
for the country as a whole importantly
all of these building blocks are
interrelated and interdependent if
there's a shock in any one of them all
of them suffer so for example in a
hospital the inventory like the
medicines and Diagnostics and vaccines
and the staff the people the doctors the
nurses only work optimally when they're
both properly in place medicines can't
prescribe themselves and a prescription
when there's a stock out is just a piece
of paper and that is Health Systems in a
nutshell now you're sitting down
anywhere don't go away stay and watch
another
video And subscribe to this channel if
you haven't already leave a comment
below or leave a question below I
promise to respond and again a big thank
you to the University of Maryland's
graduate school for their support thanks
for watching take care
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