Why Does Your ADHD Make Things So Hard?
Summary
TLDRВидео скрипт обсуждает аутизм психического расстройства (ADHD), его разнообразие и влияние на жизнь людей. Автор делится мнением о том, что ADHD — это спектр, а не однородное заболевание, которое влияет по-разному на каждого. Обсуждается гиперконцентрация в ADHD, ее потенциальные плюсы и минусы, а также различные исследования, которые показывают связи между ADHD и креативностью. Автор подчёркивает важность индивидуального подхода к диагностике и лечению, а также то, что лечение психического расстройства может быть положительным, несмотря на иллюзии потерь некоторых 'плюсовых' характеристик.
Takeaways
- 🔥 ADHD может вызывать гиперфокус на一件事物, что может приводить как к продуктивному использованию времени, так и к задержкам в выполнении повседневных задач.
- 🌟 Несмотря на популярные мемы, гиперфокус в ADHD не всегда является преимуществом и может быть симптомом нарушения внимания.
- 🤔 ADHD - это диагноз нарушенного внимания, что включает как сложности с фокусированием внимания, так и неспособность отвлечься от ненужной информации.
- 👨⚕️ Эксперты, такие как доктор Рассел Барклэй, подчёркивают, что гиперфокус в ADHD является мифом, а на самом деле это персистентность - неспособность переключиться на другую деятельность, когда это необходимо.
- 🧠 Исследования показывают, что у людей с высокими показаниями ADHD, но не клиническими диагнозом, наблюдается увеличение дивергентного мышления, что может быть связано с креативностью.
- 💡 Есть разные точки зрения на ADHD, включая те, кто считает его преимуществом, и те, кто видит в нём только негативные последствия.
- 🌈 ADHD представлен неоднородно, что может быть связано с тем, что это не бинарное состояние, а диапазон, который включает в себя различные уровни серьезности и влияния на жизнь.
- 🔍 Недостаток исследования в ADHD заключается в том, что большинство исследований сосредоточено на более серьезных случаях, не обращая внимания на менее очевидные или субклинические формы.
- 🎨 Искусство и креативность могут быть влияны личными опытами с ментальными состояниями, такими как депрессия или ADHD, что позволяет художникам передавать глубокие эмоциональные впечатления.
- 💊 Лечение ментальных заболеваний, включая ADHD, может быть положительным, и не следует считать, что лечение приведет к потере преимуществ или индивидуальности.
- 👩🏫 Если вы обеспокоены наличием ADHD, важно обратиться к лицензированному клиницисту для оценки и профессиональной помощи.
Q & A
Что такое ADHD и как оно проявляется при страсти к деятельности?
-ADHD, или нарушение внимания с гиперактивностью, может проявляться кратковременной гиперфокусировкой на интересной деятельности, позволяя достичь результатов, которые обычно требуют больше времени.
Какую проблему подчеркивает мем о различии в работе с присутствием и отсутствием страсти к деятельности у людей с ADHD?
-Мем подчеркивает проблему гиперфокусировки на неподходящих или непродуктивных вещах, что может привести к снижению продуктивности в повседневных задачах.
Какие мифы о ADHD упоминаются в видео?
-В видео упоминается миф о том, что люди с ADHD способны гиперфокусироваться на интересных для них вещах, что является преимуществом, но также указывается на то, что это может быть мифом.
Какие изменения планируется внести в заголовки видео после обратной связи от зрителей?
-Создатели видео планируют пересмотреть, как они называют свои видео, чтобы более точно и адекватно представлять информацию о ADHD и избежать неправильного представления этого состояния.
Что такое гиперфокус и как он связан с ADHD?
-Гиперфокус - это состояние, при котором человек может долгое время сосредоточиться на одном деле. У людей с ADHD гиперфокус может быть как преимуществом, так и проблемой, так как они могут находиться в нем на неподходящих задачах.
Какое определение Russell Barkley дает гиперфокусированию в контексте ADHD?
-Руссел Барклэй утверждает, что гиперфокусировка в ADHD на самом деле является персистентностью (perseveration), что является классическим признаком повреждения фронтального мозга и не является преимуществом.
Какие исследования показывают связь между ADHD и креативностью?
-Один из обзоров, опубликованных в Neuroscience and Behavioral Reviews, исследовал 31 исследование, чтобы выяснить связь между ADHD и креативностью, обнаружив увеличение дивергентного мышления у людей с высокими оценками ADHD, но не у тех, кто имеет клиническую диагноз.
Что означает термин 'дивергентное мышление' в контексте исследования креативности и ADHD?
-Дивергентное мышление означает способность человека подходить к проблеме с различными точками зрения и думать нестандартно, что иногда используется как корреляция для креативности.
Какие вызовы представляют исследования по положительным сторонам ADHD?
-Исследования по положительным сторонам ADHD сталкиваются с вызовом того, что большинство исследований сосредоточено на более серьезных случаях, не обращая внимание на людей с более легкими или субклиническими проявлениями.
Почему люди с ADHD могут иметь различные опыты и точки зрения на свое состояние?
-Это происходит из-за того, что ADHD является спектром, и неодинаковыми проявлениями, которые могут быть как преимущественными, так и проблемными в зависимости от индивидуальных особенностей и обстоятельств.
Какие выводы автор видео делает о том, как люди с ADHD должны подходить к управлению своим состоянием?
-Автор подчеркивает, что важно идти к лицензированным клинициантам для диагностики и не считать, что ADHD автоматически является преимуществом. Лечение может помочь управлять симптомами и извлекать положительные аспекты из опыта, не теряя индивидуальности.
Outlines
😇 ADHD и фокусировка на интересных вещах
В первом параграфе обсуждается проблема ADHD и способность людей с этой диагнозом фокусироваться на интересных для них вещах. Автор делится своим опытом работы над проектом, который он мог бы закончить за день, завершая работу, которую обычно завершает обычный человек за неделю. Также упоминается, что фокусировка может быть как преимуществом, так и недостатком, в зависимости от того, на что она сосредоточена. Автор делится своим видением об ADHD, упоминая, что это диагноз расстройства внимания, который может проявляться как неспособностью сконцентрироваться, так и наоборот, зацикливанием на одном и том же. Также упоминается видео, которое авторы собираются обсудить, касающееся представлений о преимуществах ADHD.
🧐 Различные взгляды на ADHD и их научные основания
Второй параграф посвящён различным точкам зрения на ADHD, включая научные исследования и личные опыты. Автор упоминает видео Russell Barkley, который критикует идею 'гиперфокусировки' в ADHD, называя её perseveration и симптомом расстройства, а не преимуществом. Также обсуждается разница между гиперфокусировкой в аутизме и perseveration в ADHD. Автор ссылается на исследования, которые рассматривают связь между ADHD и креативностью, указывая на увеличение дивергентного мышления у людей с высокими оценками ADHD, но не у тех, кто имеет клиническую диагноз. Также затрагивается необходимость большего исследования положительных сторон ADHD.
🤔 Диагностика ADHD и её неоднозначность
Третий параграф освещает тему диагностики ADHD и её неоднозначности. Автор делится своими мыслями о том, что ADHD является спектром расстройства, а не однородным состоянием, что может объяснить различные точки зрения на него. Упоминается, что в западной медицине диагнозы устанавливаются в бинарном виде, но на практике клиническая картина не так однозначна. Автор подчёркивает, что ADHD влияет на каждого индивидуума по-разному, что может привести к разным ощущениям и интерпретациям расстройства. Также затрагивается тема неоднозначности научных исследований в отношении аюрведической концепции ADHD и необходимости более тщательного изучения данной темы.
🤷♂️ Разнообразие опытов с ADHD и их объяснение
В четвёртом параграфе автор обсуждает разнообразие опытов, которые люди имеют с ADHD, и пытается объяснить, почему существуют различные точки зрения на эту тему. Упоминается, что хотя у всех людей с ADHD есть общие черты, каждому индивидуу приходится своё отношение к своему состоянию. Автор ссылается на наблюдения с коллегами из Массачусетского общего госпиталя, где заметили, что у студентов Гарварда и MIT часто диагностируется вторая тип биполярного расстройства, которое они считают преимуществом для учёбы. Также затрагивается тема того, что заболевания могут иметь свои положительные стороны, но в целом их отрицательные последствия превосходят положительные.
🧐 Исследования и呼叫中心 на положительные стороны ADHD
Пятой параграф посвящён обсуждению исследований, которые изучают положительные стороны ADHD, включая креативность и умение фокусироваться. Автор упоминает, что исследования часто сосредоточены на более серьёзных случаях, но также затрагиваются и те, кто находится в среднем диапазоне. Обсуждается необходимость изучать более мелкие детали, такие как гиперфокусировка, как отдельные характеристики. Также затрагивается тема того, что исследования должны быть более обширными и включать разные аспекты жизни людей с ADHD.
🎓 Индивидуальные различия в опытах с ADHD и их значение
В шестом параграфе автор делится примером своего друга, который смог превратить свои трудности с ADHD в преимущества в сфере коммерческой недвижимости. Также обсуждается, что ADHD может быть разным для разных людей и что это заболевание может влиять на разные аспекты жизни по-разному. Автор подчёркивает, что важно понимать, что каждый человек с ADHD должен искать индивидуальный подход к управлению своим симптомам и что нет универсального решения.
🌟 Поиск баланса и положительных сторон в жизни с ADHD
В заключительном параграфе автор делится своими мыслями о том, что ADHD и другие психиатрические расстройства - это составляющие человеческой личности, и что они могут быть как препятствием, так и источником вдохновения. Обсуждается важность лечения и адаптации к состоянию, а также то, как люди могут находить положительные стороны своей жизни, несмотря на присутствие заболевания. Автор подчёркивает, что лечение может быть положительным шагом к улучшению качества жизни и не должно считаться как потеря части себя.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡ADHD
💡гиперфокусированность
💡perseveration
💡фронтальная лобная доля
💡дивергентное мышление
💡нейродиверситет
💡клинический пороог
💡пресечение
💡спектр расстройства
💡клинический опыт
💡терапии
Highlights
ADHD can lead to hyperfocus on tasks one is passionate about, leading to high productivity.
ADHD's impact varies based on the individual's interest and passion for the task at hand.
The concept of ADHD as an advantage is challenged by experts like Dr. Russell Barkley.
ADHD is a spectrum disorder with varying degrees of impact on individuals.
Hyperfocus in ADHD is often mistaken for an advantage but is a symptom of disordered attention.
ADHD is associated with increased divergent thinking, which is linked to creativity.
The benefits of ADHD are not measurable in individuals with a clinical diagnosis.
Neurodiversity movements suggest that conditions like ADHD may have positive aspects.
The term 'hyperfocus' is a myth; the inability to stop an activity is called perseveration.
ADHD's impact on creativity is mixed and requires more research to understand fully.
People with subclinical ADHD symptoms may show increased creativity without the disorder.
Research on ADHD tends to focus on the most severe cases, not the full spectrum.
ADHD's disordered attention includes both an inability to focus and getting stuck on thoughts.
The experience of ADHD is highly individual, with varied personal and professional impacts.
Treatment for ADHD and other mental disorders can improve overall quality of life, despite initial challenges.
ADHD should be understood as part of the individual's overall mental health spectrum.
People with ADHD can learn to manage their symptoms and live fulfilling lives.
Transcripts
so let's talk a little bit about adhd
so adhd when you are passionate about
what you're doing i've been working on
this project for 10 hours straight i've
accomplished in one day what would take
a normal person an entire week nothing
can stop me i'm a god
an adhd when you aren't passionate about
what you're doing washing dish is very
hard right so this is like a pretty
funny meme
i think that part of the reason that
these memes get made and the reason that
they propagate right and get a bunch of
upvotes
is because people can
really uh
um identify with this experience like
that so a lot of people with adhd will
be aware that their attention can
sometimes get hyper focused on a
particular thing
and if that thing happens to be
something good for them
they like can really do an awesome job
like if they can get super caught up in
particular things learn a lot about
stuff
um you know like get super into crypto
for example and then like read crypto
stuff for like 10 hours and like learn a
ton about crypto
and then the the challenge though is
that it's not really your choice what
you choose to hyper focus on and so it
feels a little bit like a roll of the
dice where like if it's if it's a good
thing to get hyper focused on that's
awesome right and then we're over here
on the left and if it's not a good thing
to focus on then you kind of wind up on
the right
so we're going to talk a little bit
about this phenomenon but before we do i
want to share actually a post um which
we're not going to go over the whole
thing because it's it's relatively long
uh but i think that it's actually like a
really good post so someone in our
community a few days ago mentioned that
they had serious concerns about your
adhd is it actually an advantage video
and so um
you know they go on to sort of talk a
lot about myths some of which i kind of
talk about they also cite
um you know dr russell barkley who's an
expert on adhd
and and so they're sort of sharing some
of the concerns about the ways that we
represent adhd or we talk about adhd for
what it's worth i i kind of responded to
the post and stuff like that and some of
the things that i sort of said about
some of the other videos and i sort of
said i completely understand your
criticism for what it's worth we're
going to be like revisiting or we've
already started the process of
revisiting how we title our videos
um so that feedback has been really
really useful because i think this
person had a super super valid point
and so hopefully as a result of this
feedback um you know we'll improve and
therefore we'll be able to help more
people so we're always open to feedback
for people who are sort of telling us
hey we think you should be doing this
better um and we have concerns about
this and this and as long as it sort of
supports the mission of what we're
trying to accomplish at hg we're more
than happy to receive it in fact we
depend on it right that's how we've
gotten to where we are today is based on
the feedback of of the people that
support them the work that we do
so um
so then part of what this kind of comes
down to is there's this idea that
if we kind of go back to this meme that
like if you have adhd and you're
passionate about something and if you
get kind of like
into something that you can spend 10
hours straight doing it
so this is where it's really important
to remember that adhd is a is a
diagnosis of disordered attention right
so disordered attention what most people
think of with adhd is that you can't
focus on a particular thing and that
your mind is very distractible and
wanders
but when we talk about disordered
attention and this is really common i
remember talking especially to parents
who have adolescent kids
who when i mentioned adhd
as a potential diagnosis the parents
would be super surprised they're like
well you know
we didn't
he can our kid can like sit down and and
read comic books for like eight hours
straight so if he's capable of doing
that like doesn't that mean it's not
adhd
and so adhd is a disordered attention
and what we mean by disordered attention
is not only that you can't force your
mind to focus on what you want it to and
instead it gets distracted but the
opposite is also true which i think
we've mentioned several times on stream
is that sometimes you get stuck on a
particular thing and you can't shake
that thought
when it's really a good idea to shake
that thought
and at the same time we also have you
know some interesting um
perspectives on this so like here's a
here's an example of so
the person thankfully you know mentioned
russell barkley and i was somewhat
familiar with his work but as a
consequence of of um the posters
feedback so i looked at a lot more of
his work and i i kind of uh uh i want to
share with y'all a quote from russell
barkley or i think can we watch youtube
or does it get banned we can watch
youtube right so here here's
also another popular phrase in some of
the adult adhd trade books adults with
adhd are good at hyper focusing this too
is mythology
hyper focusing is actually perseveration
you are unable to interrupt what you're
doing
when you should have shifted to doing
something else
it is like the child who continues to
play the video game
long after they should have been getting
dressed for school and out to the bus
you want to call that hyper focusing
that's fine but that is a classic sign
of a frontal lobe injury and it is
perseverative responding
you should have stopped what you're
doing
and you didn't there were other more
important goals to have been
accomplished and you ignored them
this is no gift it is in fact a symptom
of this disorder
hyper focusing goes with autism
perseveration goes with adhd
there's a little bit of a context there
which is he i think he's answering a
question about the difference between
perseveration and hyper focusing but i
think he brings up a really excellent
point
the challenge is that you know if you
talk to people with adhd and i've
certainly been in this camp
um
despite the fact that
hyper focusing is an attribute of a
disorder
you're going to have people who have
this experience right whatever you call
it this injury gift has been responsible
for every single achievement in my life
and this is also why we have these kinds
of memes because the experience of
people with adhd
is um
for some of those people the hyper
focusing seems to be an advantage
and as we sort of start to look a little
bit at the research um you know there's
some talk about neurodiversity for
example so like there's a growing
movement within the mental health field
that um some of these things may not be
you shouldn't it's not appropriate to
categorize them as illnesses but this
this is a situation of neurodiverse
versus neurotypical
um i have my reservations about some of
these concepts which i'll kind of get to
in a second but you know there seems to
be like some exploration of what we've
traditionally thought of is is mental
illnesses and whether some of these
mental illnesses can possibly have
good effects right so we have some
experts like russell barkley that say
that this is hands down
kind of uh the myth of hyper focus is is
in a sense false um this is a sign of
like it's it's correlated with a frontal
lobe injury which is absolutely correct
um so there's there's a lot of you know
useful stuff that he has to say but
there are different perspectives
so this is a paper that was um published
in neuroscience and behavioral reviews
that sort of examined creativity and
adhd
and was sort of looking at was a review
that looked at 31 studies and sort of
like went over you know what is the
relationship between adhd and and
creativity
and essentially like there's a lot of
like mixed stuff in here i think a lot
of the conclusions that they come to are
somewhat questionable
but there are a few interesting findings
from from this study so one is that
most studies find evidence for increased
divergent thinking for those with high
adhd scores but not for those with the
disorder clinical
so what does this mean so we're going to
unpack this statement a little bit so
divergent thinking is essentially
correlated with like or that's how they
sort of describe or try to measure
creativity so when i sort of have a
particular i'm faced with a particular
problem generally speaking we tend to
um
you know approach it a particular way
and people who think divergently will be
able to like draw on different kinds of
perspectives or think about it in in a
non-standard way so this is sometimes
used in the literature as a correlation
for um
uh
creativity
and so what one of the main findings of
this review
is that like
there are people who score highly in
terms of adhd symptoms that don't quite
meet a clinical threshold so we're going
to talk a little bit about what that
means
um but when you sort of cross over into
the clinical threshold the apparent
benefits of adhd aren't really
measurable
so
another sort of major movement in the
realm of adhd research is sort of this
general call for
more research opportunities to boost the
knowledge needed to better understand
the potential positive side of adhd and
this is something that is not
you know this is these are not the only
people that are sort of saying this
so
this is another paper that sort of looks
this is qualitative research so these
were people that were kind of doing
instead of like administering
instruments and stuff like that um they
sat down with i think just a handful of
people like a really small sample size
and they sort of asked them questions
about you know like what is your
experience of adhd and like you know
what are some of the advantages things
like that and so what they sort of
discovered is that
you know there's some amount of
divergent thinking or creativity that
there is a hyper focus element
that there's a cognitive dynamism which
is sort of like a positive thing like
sort of a sense of adventurousness so
this is another example of um you know
some of the research that's sort of
starting to explore potential good sides
of adhd and we'll talk a little bit
about you know what exactly adhd is and
why there are these
disparate perspectives
so there are lots of papers about this
kind of stuff
and so
you know what i'd like to share with you
all today is just how i understand adhd
and why i think there are so many
different perspectives so let's start by
sort of summarizing what are the
different perspectives so on the one
hand you have people like russell
barkley or a lot of clinicians including
myself sort of
that clearly acknowledge that adhd is a
disorder right so like in the field of
psychiatry we diagnose things that are
disorders and by definition they're sort
of impairments of function
now the interesting thing is on the
other side we've got people who um like
so we'll have people on the internet
right so like like the random person
which is not data it's just like one
person's experience who says it's my
ability to hyper focus that has allowed
me to like achieve everything that i
have in life and i've certainly worked
with patients who
have that perspective as well where
they've really found that kind of
getting control of their adhd and sort
of playing to the benefit of their
capacity to hyper focus there are even
some papers but i really didn't think
these were very rigorous that sort of
equate the hyper focus of adhd to the
flow state which i think is actually
quite different
but there are definitely a lot of people
myself included who have um somewhat
adhd minds like i'm pretty sure that if
i was a kid and i ever got evaluated for
adhd like i'm pretty sure that i would
have been diagnosed with adhd
so just thinking through the diagnostic
criteria like i think i check a lot of
those boxes but i think that i fall
under the category of people who are a
little bit more subclinical and so what
does that mean
so i think a lot of the reason that we
have such a diverse perspective on adhd
is because
when we think about adhd in the western
medical sense when you think about
western medical diagnosis
it's binary right so what we do in in
psychiatry is like we diagnose you or we
don't diagnose you so this is just the
structure
of our
medical field it's not necessarily true
it's just how we've organized medicine
so if i were to ask you like you know
like if we're investigating like let's
say someone who's passed away and
someone will say what was the cause of
death
and like the coroner will say it was a
myocardial infarction it was a heart
attack so this is the kind of thing
where like in medicine we tend to label
things in a binary way whether you like
meet criteria for the disorder or you
don't meet criteria for the disorder
practically clinically it's not quite as
binary right so if you diagnose with
someone with depression everyone knows a
major depressive disorder
everyone knows both patients and
clinicians especially that there's
severities of major depressive disorder
right not all major depressive disorder
are created equally and similarly with
adhd i think a big part of this problem
is that adhd is actually a spectrum
it isn't a homogeneous disease that
affects people homogenously so as a
result like this is sort of an
artificiality artificial
binary like imposement that we're doing
on adhd and so then what happens is we
get disparate perspectives because we've
actually got a bell curve of adhd
symptoms and people are at different
places in terms of the severity of their
adhd how beneficial their adhd is and
we'll kind of talk about that in a
second
and so i think the simplest reason that
we get some of these these disparate
perspectives it's not that one person is
right and one person is wrong i think my
experience as a clinician has been that
you know people tend to experience
mental health in a very individual way
but that there's actually a perspective
you know there's a scale of different
perspectives and this is part of the
reason that you know when i first
started talking about adhd i talked a
lot about ayurveda because i had
personally found that the ayurvedic
conception of adhd
fit
better
was a better fit for people's
experiences than actually like the
western binary sort of perspective on
adhd
part of the reason that we've sort of
scaled back on our ayurvedic discussion
recently is there was once again another
post that offered a lot of really good
criticisms about some of the scientific
studies we were citing and the low
quality of those studies so i don't know
if you all have noticed but we've sort
of taken a step back from ayurveda that
doesn't mean that we aren't we're
actually actively revisiting it so we're
sort of looking through the research and
really trying to to read tons and tons
of articles to really figure out okay
what is it what can we say let's like
sort of scientifically valid and like
you know what is like more of our
interpretation which by the way i'm
totally fine doing right so i'm totally
fine on stream and i i hope you know i
make this pretty clear that sometimes
what i'm saying is very supported by
science sometimes what i'm saying is
more supported by clinical experience
and sometimes what i'm saying is not
based on medicine or science at all but
is more personal or spiritual in nature
and i think a lot of the people that
appreciate our community are ones that
sort of appreciate the spectrum because
there are different ways of looking at
things
and so kind of going back to adhd i
think that the challenge is that there
are you know a spectrum of different
experiences
as a result people are going to have
different perspectives on how impairing
adhd is
and so i think the the important thing
to kind of remember there are a few
important takeaways the the first is
that adhd
is a spectrum
um and the part of the reason that you
know this spectrum exists is because
there are some
components of
adhd that may be or of the adhd spectrum
let's let's not even call it the the
adhd spectrum so there are components of
the attentional spectrum which can be
beneficial to human beings
and this is where even if you look at
other illnesses there are cases where
illnesses can form advantages for people
now we're not i don't think for example
that
it's necessarily good to have an illness
i think generally speaking if you get
diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder on
balance that is going to hurt you
significantly more than it will help you
that being said there are some
advantages so for example when i was
working in the massachusetts general
hospital emergency room we saw a lot of
students from harvard and mit and what
we sort of observed is i don't know if
there's published research about this
but talking to people at mit health
services and harvard health services is
that they're the prevalence of type 2
bipolar disorder
at ivy league institutions or very
competitive institutions seem to be
significantly higher than the average
population and when i talked to these
kids who were like you know undergrads
at mit like
they were terrified of of getting their
bipolar disorder treated why is that
because their bipolar disorder type 2
bipolar allowed them
to
sleep for two to four hours a night and
be able to be like focused and very like
action oriented and study a lot and
things like that and a lot of them were
actually really reluctant to engage in
treatment because they had found some
advantages to the way that their bipolar
disorder worked
now once again on balance it was my kind
of experience and generally speaking you
know i would recommend strongly
recommend treatment to these people
because
even though there may be particular
situations in which a particular mental
illness offers an advantage on the whole
it's like it hurts more than helps so
like sure you're sleeping two to four
hours a night for the two weeks before
finals because you're hypomanic and it
helps you do well on your finals but
then for the next three months six
months
you're you crash you go into a deep
depression and your grades the next
semester are absolute trash because like
you know you're depressed so so even
though an illness may have particular
advantages in particular cases that on
balance has been my overwhelming
experience as a clinician
that you don't really it's not worth it
essentially
and so the kind of the next thing that i
want to talk about so just to review a
little bit about what we talked about so
the first is why is there you know why
do people share these different
perspectives um and that's because i
think that you know illnesses are not
homogenous right and depending on
who you're talking to and what the
experience of that person is
um there you're gonna get sort of
different answers the second point is
that i think there is some evidence that
irrespective of what the mental illness
is that there are some components of
those fundamental functions
which can be beneficial so even if we
look at something like depression in the
default mode network so one of my one of
the hypotheses that i kind of subscribe
to
is that major depressive disorder
involves hyperactivation of this part of
our brain called the default mode
network and the default mode network is
the part of our brain it's not really a
place it's a network
so it's not localized to like a
particular anatomical region
is responsible for self-reflection so it
gives us the ability to think about
ourselves and when people get depressed
they get stuck thinking about only
themselves themselves in a negative way
so it's sort of a hyperactivation of
that but the default mode network is
actually a really useful part of our
brain and if we look at what mental
illness is it tends to be that our brain
sort of functions a particular way
and then if parts of our brain become
hyperactive or hypoactive or even
the
as a human being we interact in a
particular social circumstance or an
environmental circumstance
that sort of
exposes some of the vulnerabilities of
of however our brain functions then we
can get diagnosed with a disorder
a good example of this for example is
that you know kids are more likely to be
uh diagnosed with adhd if the ratio of
students to teachers in a classroom is
bad so if there's tons of students and
very few teachers you're more likely to
diagnose kids with adhd than if the
student-teacher ratio is more favorable
right so that sort of suggests to us
that people will present
for psychiatric help it's not just
what's going on in your brain it's brain
plus circumstance and that theory by the
way i think is relatively well supported
so when we think a little bit about
psychiatric illness even things like
major depressive disorder oftentimes
what we'll find is that there's a
genetic predisposition or maybe a family
history and then a particular
circumstance triggers the depression
right so like you were totally fine
until the age of 26 when you got fired
from your job and then you know your
partner broke up with you and then you
had to move back home with your parents
and that sort of triggered the
depression
now did those sort of cause the
depression sure but then then what
happens is like there's an independent
neurochemical process which starts in
your brain which may go beyond the
circumstances so then let's say you
start dating again and you find a new
job and you move out of your parents
place but you still feel
super depressed that's a good example of
separating out you know the disease from
the general
trigger from the disease
another thing about the researcher on
adhd is that i think that
as people sort of pointed out when they
were kind of um if you look at some of
these papers on you know creativity and
stuff one of the things that they point
out is that research opportunities to
boost the knowledge needed better better
understand the positive potential
positive side of adhd there are almost
always calls for you know more um
uh moreover the sizable prevalence of
hyper focus in adults with high levels
of adhd symptoms symptomology leads to
the need to study it as a potential
separable feature from adhd
right so generally speaking a lot of
people are call calling for more
research on the positives of adhd
and why is that it's because generally
speaking
when we look at studying an illness
the first kind of selection bias tends
to be towards the sickest people so
another good example of this is like if
you look at the research on sociopathy
a lot of the conclusions that we draw on
sociopathy are based on populations
where you can find and recruit
sociopathic individuals
and can anyone guess where is the
largest most consistent population of
sociopathic
individuals
that you can easily recruit for studies
prisons
right
and so as a result what we've got in our
research is that we're studying like the
our inclusion criteria and stuff like
that right because you've got to think a
little bit about the perspective of a
researcher if i want to conduct a study
on adhd
am i
more likely to take
someone who's definitely got adhd or
someone who's kind of on the border
right so i'm my inclusion criteria are
going to be like relatively strict
in terms of like i definitely want
people who
i know have adhd because that's how
we're going to learn about the illness
and the truth is that somewhere in that
middle ground those people may actually
have adhd but it's just less of a
clear-cut decision requires like a full
clinical evaluation which by the way
when people are recruiting for studies
they don't do usually do full clinical
evaluations with neuropsyc testing and
all that kind of stuff right so usually
like we'll use some kinds of
standardized instruments you fill a
couple forms and if your numbers are
super high you get enrolled in the study
drug manufacturers by the way also do
this because there's evidence that shows
that for example the sicker you are the
more antidepressant medication helps
and so what they'll tend to do is if
they want to show a big benefit if they
say that this is going to make your
depression you know way better the
larger largest benefits are going to
tend to be seen in the sickest number of
people so another simple example of this
is let's say i've got you know a 101
fever
and a 103 fever and i take antipyretic
medication
both of those in both of those cases
chances are the antipyretic medication
is going to break my fever and bring me
back down to 98.6 but if i'm a drug
manufacturer
i can say that the effect size is way
better if i recruit people who are like
103 right so now i can show a larger
magnitude of change
so i think another big bias that is in
our research i don't blame it like this
is where we've got to start somewhere
right
is that if you look at like studies on
adhd they tend to focus on the sicker
people they tend not to focus on this
kind of subclinical population if you
call it subclinical that means that they
may not even meet the disorder the
criteria for the disorder or they may
meet the criteria for the disorder so i
personally as a psychiatrist have seen a
ton of people who um meet criteria for
the disorder but can actually manage and
and even utilize some of the dynamic
nature of their mind it's something that
i myself have sort of learned how to
manage
and by the way um you know there's
studies that show that kind of
behavioral interventions or
psychotherapy interventions like
cognitive behavioral therapy can be just
as efficacious as medication and
treating adhd and i've had a lot of
experience with people who you know once
they sort of understand how to manage
their adhd can actually like perform
really really well and i will hear these
kinds of things where people will say
you know i'm really glad actually my you
know the dynamic nature of my mind
really manages helps me keep up with a
lot of stuff so i'll give you guys just
one quick example of a friend of mine
who um you know we went to medical
school together and then they really
found they struggled a lot because they
had adhd and so they actually left
medicine and moved into the field of
commercial real estate and what they
really found is that like all of the
ways in which
their difficulties sitting there and
reading a book
was a handicap in the field of medicine
which it absolutely was their brain was
not functioning the way that most of
their colleagues were
actually seemed to them subjectively to
be an advantage in the field of like
commercial real estate because they
could manage like a thousand different
tasks they were really good at
multitasking
interestingly enough they could also
read contracts that were 50 pages long
so i don't really understand what
happened there
but
the point here is that you know people
have diverse experiences i've also had
patients who are the very opposite of
that and that adhd for them is
absolutely a disorder absolutely an
impairment and absolutely like wrecks
every dimension of their life so this is
not just like affecting their
professional life or academic life but
really impacts their relationships
because when their partner tells them
hey are you going to go to the grocery
store and they're not paying attention
and they say yeah i'm going to go and
they're like can you please pick up
these three things and they said yeah
okay sure
they think they're paying attention but
they're not paying attention and then
like six hours later
when it's dinner time and then the sp
like partner asked them hey like where's
that stuff and they're like what stuff
and they're like the stuff that you said
you were gonna go get what what are you
talking about
right so this is where it's like it's
okay for adhd to be sort of a spectrum
and it's okay for people to have
different experiences of it
and if you are someone who is concerned
that you have adhd what should you do
about it right so like what do i know
what should i believe should i believe
russell barkley a random person on the
internet this paper that talks about
adhd is a potential source of increased
creativity like what should i believe
and this is where i'd say at the end of
the day like you have to kind of decide
for yourself right because it is a
spectrum not all all illnesses are the
same within all people
so depression is going to manifest in a
discreet and unique way in every single
person that's ever lived because the way
that that that illness manifests
is shaped by your personal experiences
your history you know your background
your coping mechanisms your strengths
your support structures and that's why
we have clinicians at least so far
instead of robots
why do we have clinicians it's because
it takes a human being to integrate all
of this research
and sort of apply it to you
and sort of figure out okay for your
individual situation which are the
research studies that are the most
applicable
and so what i'd recommend to anyone out
there who is you know concerned that
they may have adhd is i wouldn't default
to believing that this is necessarily
going to be an advantage there's also a
lot of like psychological stuff about
you know like not wanting to believe
that you are ill in some way or coming
to terms with the fact that if you do
have an illness like that just sucks and
it's a straight negative and this is
where like we want to believe you know
that the world is an equal place we as a
society should we strive to make it
equal absolutely but you know as a
medical doctor like
i don't know if i believe that the world
and the universe is an equal place
i mean i've seen like kids
eight-year-olds diagnosed with cancer
and i don't think that like buying the
childhood cancer flaw during character
creation necessarily gives you like
points elsewhere sometimes those kids
happen to be poor sometimes those kids
happen to have an abusive parent and
it's not like i really wish it was i
wish that every human being on the
planet had the same pool of points for
character creation but the sad truth is
that that's not how it is
and so some people really want to
believe that like there's some silver
lining to their experience and there may
be i don't i don't really know
but i think at the end of the day what
you've really got to do is if you're
concerned about it first of all go see a
licensed clinician right i talk a lot
about the benefits of our coaching
program but this is not really
appropriate for coaching
go see a licensed clinician someone
who's actually trained in mental health
stuff and try to figure out okay like do
i actually have do i meet the threshold
for a clinical diagnosis
furthermore
even if you do meet the clinic of the
threshold for a clinical diagnosis that
does not
you know that's not that doesn't set
your life in stone
like there you you may fall into the
category of people who first of all
don't need medication or can manage
their symptoms without medication you
may be able to you know get control of
the hyper focus in a way that i've seen
my patients sometimes do for lack of a
better term
or you may be part of the the group that
you know
can't get control of your hyper focus
and your hyper focus is a straight
negative or which is more much more
common and i'd say the most common is
that at times the hyper focus works in
your favor and at times the hyper focus
really doesn't work in your favor kind
of like the example that russell barkley
was talking about which is like yeah
you're playing video games and you
really should have gotten up and and
gotten onto the bus
and so at the end of the day adhd is is
in my opinion a much more diverse and
poorly understood disease than we
sometimes give it credit for i
absolutely believe that there is you
know a threshold beyond which it is a
disorder and on balance negatively
impacts your life
but just because it on balance negative
and negatively impacts your life doesn't
mean that you can't learn to live with
it
learn to either reduce the symptoms or
even develop or extract some kinds of
positives from your illness experience
and the last example about that that
i'll share with y'all is i've worked
with a couple of people who are artists
and sometimes as i talk to them about
you know their experience of depression
i'll sort of
describe them as having what i call the
artistic temperament that i genuinely do
believe that a lot of the the wonderful
creative work that is done by musicians
i've worked with um budding authors i
should say
um you know and and
i really hope they become successful
authors one day but what i really come
to appreciate about some of their work
is that their personal experiences of
mental health allow them to describe
like emotionally and limbically like the
experience the difficult experience of
being a human being
and so that translates into their music
that translates into their writing that
translates into you know filmmaking
and so as a result like it's not that
it's all negative i mean they're they're
definitely it's part of who you are
right and this is i think ultimately the
way that i view mental illness
which is that it's not like discrete
like sure does it impair your function
absolutely but as a human being you are
a constellation of all of your pieces
and some of your pieces are going to
screw you over more than other pieces
you're going to have some advantages
you're going to have some disadvantages
and just because something is an illness
doesn't mean that it can't be you know a
part of your life and the only solution
is to like rip it out root and stem i
know a lot of people who have come to
live with their mental illness in a very
healthy and productive way
not saying that it should be untreated
in fact the majority of those people who
do learn how to like you know live
healthily with their mental illness do
so through treatment and just as in a
quick you know reminder of a source that
we've already mentioned
um
i want to just highlight this sentence
here so we found no evidence for
increased convergent thinking abilities
in adhd nor did we find an overall
negative effect of psychostimulants on
creativity so i think this is a really
important statement to understand and
this is what you know for all the people
that i worked with who were undergrads
you know in boston
that were had type 2 bipolar disorder
this is the main conclusion is that you
may think that treatment of your thing
will you will lose the advantages but in
my overwhelming experience getting
treatment for your mental illness is
going to be like a net positive right
it's not like you're gonna lose the
person that you are it may take a little
while so this is like my experience with
people with bipolar disorder who are
artists
it takes time and more effort to find
your creative process again right like
just because you're an artist who goes
on manic binges and like paints a bunch
of like really drastic stuff and then if
you start treating your bipolar disorder
like the people will come to me and
they'll be like i can't paint anymore
and it's like
it can feel that way and then sometimes
they make the mistake of going off of
treatment but in my overwhelming
experience it's just about
re-accessing that that part of yourself
because mental illness is about a loss
of control of the mind
right being able to focus for 10 hours
is not a bad thing it's the inability to
choose
what you focus on when you focus on it
for 10 hours that's the bad thing that's
when the illness gets the best of you
right
so a big part of learning to live with
mental illness is
sometimes our mental illness gives us a
shortcut and can give us advantages we
see that with the type 2 of bipolar
disorder do where it's like these people
are relying on the the hypomania to help
them study whereas like if you start
treating your bipolar disorder the
hypomania won't let you study but it's
not like you can you can't study without
hypomania right it's just like you're
gonna have to learn some new skills
because it's almost like you've been
using a little bit of this automatic you
know type 2 main type 2 bipolar disorder
crotch or this adhd crutch or whatever
so it can definitely be an uphill battle
it can be difficult but at the end of
the day it's almost always or just just
about always worth getting treatment
because the truth is you're not going to
lose the good parts of you if you enter
into psychiatric treatment in fact
what's probably going to happen is the
opposite is that it may be a little bit
of an uphill climb for a little while
there may be a little bit of a learning
curve but it's been my overwhelming
experience that at the end of that climb
people are way happier and really glad
they engaged in treatment
you
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