Mengenal Apa itu Rencana Aksi Nasional Penanggulangan Ekstremisme | RAN PE | WGWC | AMAN Indonesia

Summary

The video script discusses the historical roots of radicalism in Indonesia, with a focus on resistance movements against Dutch colonialism, driven by jihadist motivations. It highlights key historical wars, the role of the Nahdlatul Ulama's jihad fatwa in 1945, and the evolution of jihad post-independence. The text also explores Indonesia's modern counterterrorism efforts, including laws and national strategies to combat extremism and terrorism, emphasizing democratic principles, human rights, and gender equality. The government involves civil society, including women's organizations, in preventing and addressing violent extremism through inclusive policies and international cooperation.

Takeaways

• ⚔️ Radikalism in Indonesia has historical roots, especially during the Dutch colonial era, with various revolts like the Makassar War, Maluku War, and Aceh War driven by jihad.
• 📜 In 1945, Nahdlatul Ulama issued a fatwa declaring that fighting colonial invaders was a religious obligation (fardhu ain) for all Muslims, and Masyumi reaffirmed this in November 1945.
• 🏛️ After Indonesia's independence, the focus shifted to national goals like public welfare, education, global peace, and social justice, making jihad-based ideologies less relevant.
• 🕌 Indonesia's democratic environment allows for diverse religious ideologies, ranging from progressive to extremist, some of which challenge the nation's founding principles.
• 🛡️ Since 1998, Indonesia has faced serious terrorism threats, with around 2,000 Indonesians joining ISIS in Syria and Iraq in the past 20 years.
• 📊 Indonesia has implemented several anti-terrorism policies, including laws and regulations to combat terrorism and protect investigators, prosecutors, and victims.
• 🤝 The National Action Plan for the Prevention of Violent Extremism (2020-2024) involves collaboration between ministries, government agencies, and civil society.
• 👩‍⚖️ The plan emphasizes human rights, gender equality, child protection, and public safety, ensuring a democratic approach to countering violent extremism.
• 🌍 International cooperation and partnerships are key pillars in Indonesia’s strategy for combating extremism and terrorism.
• 👩‍👧 The plan also stresses the inclusion of women and civil society in formulating, implementing, and monitoring anti-extremism measures for greater effectiveness and sustainability.

Q & A

What historical events in Indonesia's past are linked to radicalism?

Radicalism in Indonesia is linked to several historical events, including the Makassar War (1669), Maluku War (1780-1805), West Sumatra War (1803-1838), Diponegoro War (1825-1830), Banjarmasin War (1859-1863), and the Aceh War (1873-1912). These events were often motivated by jihad against colonial rule.

What was the significance of the Nahdlatul Ulama's jihad fatwa in 1945?

On October 22, 1945, Nahdlatul Ulama issued a jihad fatwa, declaring that fighting against colonial invaders was a 'fardhu ain' (individual obligation) for all Muslims, regardless of gender or age. This fatwa played a significant role in mobilizing resistance against foreign occupiers.

How did Masyumi's resolution in 1945 relate to Nahdlatul Ulama's fatwa?

Masyumi reaffirmed Nahdlatul Ulama's jihad fatwa through its own jihad resolution during the Islamic Congress on November 7, 1945. This further solidified the call for jihad against foreign occupiers during Indonesia's fight for independence.

Why is jihad no longer considered suitable after Indonesia's independence?

After Indonesia gained independence, the focus shifted toward achieving four national goals: general welfare, national education, maintaining world peace, and ensuring social justice. These goals required a peaceful and democratic government, making the concept of jihad as warfare less relevant.

What are some of the main threats Indonesia has faced since the 1998 reform era?

Since the 1998 reform era, Indonesia has faced serious threats from terrorism, with various extremist groups seeking to replace Pancasila (the state ideology). Around 2,000 Indonesians have become ISIS sympathizers, traveling to Syria and Iraq over the past 20 years.

What laws and regulations has Indonesia implemented to combat terrorism?

Indonesia has introduced several laws to combat terrorism, including the Anti-Terrorism Law and Government Regulation No. 77 (2019) on preventing terrorism and protecting law enforcement officers. Other regulations include PP 35 (2020) on compensation for victims and Presidential Regulation No. 7 (2021) on the National Action Plan for Preventing and Combating Violent Extremism.

What is the purpose of Indonesia's National Action Plan for Preventing and Combating Violent Extremism (RAN-PE)?

RAN-PE, established in 2021, aims to increase the protection of citizens' rights and enhance national security by preventing and combating violent extremism. The plan is based on principles such as human rights, good governance, gender equality, and child protection.

What are the three key pillars of the RAN-PE plan?

RAN-PE is built on three pillars: 1) prevention, which includes readiness, counter-radicalization, and deradicalization, 2) law enforcement, which covers the protection of witnesses and victims, and strengthening national legal frameworks, and 3) partnerships and international cooperation.

How does RAN-PE incorporate gender equality?

RAN-PE integrates gender equality by ensuring the inclusion of women in the prevention and management of violent extremism. It emphasizes strengthening gender equality programs and incorporates gender indicators in all three pillars of the plan.

What role do civil society organizations play in the implementation of RAN-PE?

Civil society, including women's organizations, plays a crucial role in implementing RAN-PE. They are involved in prevention, deradicalization, rehabilitation, and reintegration efforts, making these interventions more effective and sustainable.