Car Engine Parts & Their Functions Explained in Details | The Engineers Post

Summary

This educational video script delves into the intricacies of engines, focusing on their role as energy converters in automobiles. It distinguishes between internal and external combustion engines, emphasizing the internal type's significance as the car's 'heart.' The script provides a detailed exploration of engine components, including the cylinder block, head, oil pan, manifolds, and pistons, highlighting their functions and materials. It also touches on the importance of the crankshaft, camshaft, and flywheel in power transmission, offering viewers a comprehensive understanding of an engine's anatomy and operation.

Takeaways

• 🔧 An engine is a machine that converts energy into mechanical energy, with heat engines burning fuel to create heat for work.
• 🔥 The process in an engine starts with a spark that ignites a mixture of petrol vapor and compressed air, leading to rapid combustion.
• 🏗️ There are two types of engines: internal combustion engines, which burn fuel inside the cylinder, and external combustion engines, which burn fuel outside the cylinder.
• ❤️ The engine is often referred to as the heart of an automobile, highlighting its central role in vehicle function.
• 🏭 The main parts of a car engine include the cylinder block, cylinder head, oil pan, manifolds, gaskets, piston, and various other components.
• 🧱 The cylinder block serves as the engine's basic framework, with features like cylinder, ports for valves, and passages for cooling water.
• 🔩 The cylinder head is attached to the cylinder block and contains the combustion chamber, valve guides, and coolant jackets.
• 💧 The oil pan, part of the crankcase, acts as a reservoir for engine oil, which is crucial for lubrication and cooling.
• 🔄 Manifolds are sets of pipes that carry the air-fuel mixture and exhaust gases, typically made to withstand high temperatures.
• ⚙️ The crankshaft is a central component that transforms the piston's reciprocating motion into rotational motion, key for power transmission.
• 🔄 The camshaft operates the engine valves, controlling the intake of the air-fuel mixture and the exhaust, critical for the engine's cycle.

Q & A

What is the primary function of an engine?

An engine's primary function is to convert one form of energy into mechanical energy, specifically through the use of heat engines that burn fuel to create heat, which is then used to do work.

What are the two types of engines mentioned in the script?

The two types of engines mentioned are internal combustion engines, which burn fuel inside the engine cylinder, and external combustion engines, which burn fuel outside the cylinder.

How does the spark initiate the process in an internal combustion engine?

The spark initiates the process by igniting a mixture of petrol vapor and compressed air inside a momentarily sealed cylinder, causing it to burn rapidly.

What is the role of the cylinder block in an engine?

The cylinder block serves as the basic framework for the engine, housing the cylinder in which the piston moves, providing ports for valves, and passages for cooling water flow.

What materials are commonly used to make a cylinder block?

Cylinder blocks are typically made of gray cast iron or aluminum and its alloys.

What are the functions of the cylinder head in an engine?

The cylinder head contains the combustion chamber above each cylinder, valve guides, valve seats, ports, coolant jackets, and threaded holes for spark plugs. It also incorporates passages for cooling water flow.

What is the difference between dry and wet cylinder liners?

Dry liners are barrel-shaped with a flange at the top and are machined accurately at both outer and inner interfaces, while wet liners are in direct contact with cooling water at their outer face and are machined accurately only at the inner surface.

What is the purpose of piston rings in an engine?

Piston rings form a seal between the piston and the cylinder wall to prevent high-pressure gases from the combustion chamber from entering the crankcase.

How does the connecting rod contribute to the engine's motion?

The connecting rod converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotary motion of the crankshaft, which is essential for power transmission.

What is the significance of the crankshaft in an engine?

The crankshaft is a critical component from which power is taken in an engine. It converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into rotating motion with the help of the connecting rod.

What is the purpose of the flywheel in an engine?

The flywheel, attached to the rear end of the crankshaft, uses its inertia to help maintain a constant speed of the crankshaft during the engine's operation.

Outlines

00:00

🔧 Introduction to Engines and Their Components

This paragraph introduces engines as machines that convert energy into mechanical energy, focusing on heat engines that burn fuel to create heat for work. It distinguishes between internal and external combustion engines and emphasizes the engine's central role in the automotive industry. The video promises an exploration of the function and construction of internal combustion engine parts, including the cylinder block, cylinder head, oil pan, manifolds, gasket, piston, piston ring, piston pin, connecting rod, crankshaft, camshaft, flywheels, rod bearing, main bearings, and bearing caps.

05:00

🏗️ Detailed Examination of Engine Components

The second paragraph delves into the specifics of engine components. It describes the cylinder block as the engine's framework, made of materials like gray cast iron or aluminum alloys, and details its parts such as the cylinder, ports, and cooling passages. The cylinder head is highlighted as a crucial part attached to the block with studs and gaskets, containing a combustion chamber and various other features. The paragraph also discusses the crankcase, oil pan, manifolds, and gaskets, explaining their construction, materials, and functions within the engine.

10:05

🔩 Further Analysis of Engine Parts

This section continues the in-depth analysis of engine components, focusing on the cylinder liners, which are essential for preventing wear and can be replaced when worn out. It explains the two types of cylinder liners: dry and wet, each with its specific construction and contact with cooling water. The paragraph then discusses pistons, their function in converting pressure energy into mechanical power, and their interaction with piston rings for sealing and reducing friction. It also covers piston rings and their materials, types, and the importance of maintaining a good seal.

15:12

🏋️‍♂️ Engine Mechanics and Power Transmission

The final paragraph discusses the mechanics of power transmission in engines. It describes the connecting rod's role in converting the piston's linear motion into the crankshaft's rotary motion, emphasizing its need to be lightweight yet strong. The piston pin, or wrist pin, is introduced as a critical component connecting the piston to the connecting rod. The paragraph then explains the crankshaft, detailing its construction from heat-treated alloy steel and its function in power transmission. It also covers the camshaft, flywheel, and engine valves, highlighting their materials, functions, and the mechanisms that drive them.

📚 Conclusion and Call to Action

The concluding paragraph serves as a call to action, inviting viewers to download a PDF for more information, share the video, and subscribe to the channel for updates on new videos. It also includes a musical note, indicating the video's engaging and educational tone throughout.

Keywords

💡Engine

An engine is a machine designed to convert one form of energy into mechanical energy. In the context of the video, it specifically refers to heat engines that burn fuel to create heat, which is then used to do work. The engine is described as the heart of an automobile, highlighting its central role in the functioning of vehicles. The video script delves into the various parts and functions of an internal combustion engine, which is a type of engine where the fuel burns inside the engine cylinder.

💡Internal Combustion Engine

An internal combustion engine is a type of engine where the fuel is burned inside the engine cylinder. This is in contrast to an external combustion engine, where the fuel is burned outside the cylinder. The video script explains that the internal combustion engine is a complex machine that converts heat from burning gas into the force that turns the wheels, and it is a crucial component of the automobile industry.

💡Cylinder Block

The cylinder block is the basic framework for the engine and one of its main parts. It consists of the cylinder in which the piston moves, ports for the valves, and passages for the flow of cooling water. The script mentions that the cylinder block is typically made of gray cast iron or aluminum alloys, and it serves as the attachment point for other engine components like the timing gear, water pump, and flywheel.

💡Cylinder Head

The cylinder head is another main part of the engine, forming a joint between the head and the cylinder block. It contains a combustion chamber above each cylinder and features valve guides, valve seats, ports, coolant jackets, and threaded holes for spark plugs. The script describes different types of cylinder heads based on valve and port layout, which can affect engine performance.

💡Crankshaft

The crankshaft is a critical engine component from which power is taken. It converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotating motion with the help of the connecting rod. The script notes that the crankshaft is made of heat-treated alloy steel and consists of crank pins, balancing weights, main journals, and oil holes. It is a key part of the power transmission system in engines.

💡Piston

The piston is a cylindrical component that moves up and down in the cylinder, converting the pressure energy from fuel combustion into mechanical power. This power is then transferred to the crankshaft through the connecting rod. The script emphasizes the importance of the piston in the efficiency and economy of the engine, mentioning that it is provided with piston rings for a good seal between the cylinder wall and the piston.

💡Connecting Rod

The connecting rod is a component that connects the piston to the crankshaft, converting the piston's reciprocating motion into the crankshaft's rotary motion. The script describes it as being essential for the internal combustion engine, needing to be light and strong enough to withstand stress and twisting forces. It is typically made of alloy steel or duralumin by drop forging.

💡Camshaft

The camshaft is a shaft with cams that change the rotary motion of the camshaft into the linear motion of the follower. It is responsible for the opening of the valves, controlling the timing of the air-fuel mixture entry into the cylinder and the combustion products' exit. The script explains that the camshaft is driven by the crankshaft and turns at half the speed of the crankshaft, with different drive mechanisms such as gear, chain, or belt.

💡Flywheel

The flywheel is a heavy steel wheel attached to the rear end of the crankshaft. Its size depends on the number of cylinders in the engine. The script mentions that the inertia of the flywheel helps maintain a constant speed of the crankshaft, which is essential for smooth engine operation.

💡Manifolds

Manifolds are sets of pipes attached to the cylinder head that carry the air-fuel mixture and exhaust gases. They are typically made of cast iron to withstand high temperatures. The script explains that manifolds play a crucial role in the engine's operation by facilitating the flow of gases into and out of the cylinders.

💡Gaskets

Gaskets are used to provide a tight fitting joint between two surfaces in an engine. They are found in joints between the cylinder head and the cylinder block, the crankcase and oil pan, and between the cylinder block and manifold. The script mentions that gaskets are made from materials like cork, asbestos, and rubber to ensure a leak-proof seal, which is vital for the engine's proper functioning.

Highlights

An engine is a machine designed to convert one form of energy into mechanical energy.

Heat engines burn fuel to create heat, which is then used to do work.

The chain of reactions in an engine is initiated by a spark that ignites a mixture of petrol vapor and compressed air.

There are two types of engines: internal combustion and external combustion engines.

Internal combustion engines burn fuel inside the engine cylinder.

External combustion engines burn fuel outside the cylinder.

The engine is the heart of an automobile and is essential to the automotive industry.

The main parts of a car engine include the cylinder block, cylinder head, oil pan, manifolds, gasket, and piston.

Cylinder block is the basic framework for the engine and consists of the cylinder, ports, and passages for cooling water.

Cylinder head is attached to the cylinder block and contains a combustion chamber, valve guides, and coolant jackets.

Crankcase is the bottom portion of the cylinder block where the crankshaft is fitted.

Oil pan serves as a reservoir for the storage, cooling, and ventilation of engine lubricating oil.

Manifolds are sets of pipes attached to the cylinder head that carry the air-fuel mixture and exhaust gases.

Gaskets are used to provide a tight fitting joint between two surfaces in the engine.

Cylinder liners are used to avoid cylinder wear and can be replaced when worn out.

Pistons are cylindrical plugs that move up and down in the cylinder, converting pressure energy into mechanical power.

Piston rings maintain a good seal between the piston and the cylinder wall.

Connecting rods convert the reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotary motion of the crankshaft.

Crankshaft is the engine component from which power is taken, converting reciprocating motion into rotating motion.

Camshaft is responsible for the opening of the valves, changing rotary motion into linear motion.

Flywheel is a heavy steel wheel that helps maintain constant speed of the crankshaft.

Engine valves control the timing of the air-fuel mixture entry into the cylinder and combustion products out.

Transcripts

an engine is a machine designed to

convert one form of energy into

mechanical energy

heat engines burn fuel to create heat

which is then used to do work it is a

complex machine built to convert heat

from burning gas into the force that

turns the wheels

the chain of reactions that achieve that

objective is set in motion by a spark

which ignites a mixture of petrol vapor

and compressed air inside a momentarily

sealed cylinder and causes it to burn

rapidly

the engine has two types one is the

internal combustion engine and another

one is the external combustion engine

the internal combustion engine is those

heat engines that burn their fuel inside

the engine cylinder

external combustion engines are those

heat engine that burns their fuel

outside the

cylinder the engine is one of the most

essential parts of the automobile

industries or we can also say that the

engine is the heart of an automobile

so in this video we'll take a look at

the function and construction of each

engine parts of an internal combustion

engine

so be sure to like this video subscribe

to the channel and press the bell icon

to get notifications of our new videos

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the main parts of an car engine are

cylinder block

cylinder head

oil pan

manifolds

gasket

and

piston

a piston ring

piston pin

connecting rod

crankshaft

camshaft

flywheels

rod bearing

main bearings

and bearing caps

now let's take a look at each of engine

parts with details starting with

cylinder block

it is the basic framework for the engine

and one of the main part of an engine

a cylinder block consists of three parts

the cylinder in which the piston slid up

and down

the port or opening for the valves

the passages for the flow of cooling

water

the cylinder block is usually made of

gray cast iron or aluminium and its

alloys while the crankcase is fixed to

its bottom

apart from these other parts like timing

gear

water pump

ignition distributor

flywheel

fuel pump are also attached to it

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coolant passages are provided in the

cylinder walls for the circulation of

cooling waters

cylinder block also carries lubrication

oil to various components through

drilled passages that is called oil

galleries

cylinder

head cylinder head is another main part

of an engine it is a joint between the

cylinder head and cylinder block

it is usually made up of cast iron and

aluminium alloy

the cylinder head is attached to the

cylinder block using studs fixed to the

block gaskets which are used to provide

a tight leak-proof joint between the

head and block

the cylinder head contains a combustion

chamber above each cylinder

and it also contains valve guides

valve seats

ports

coolant jackets

and threaded holes for spark plugs it

incorporates passages for the flow of

cooling water

there are three different types of

cylinder head is available that depends

upon the valve and port layout

loop flow type

offset cross flow type and

inline cross flow type

in the loop flow type the inlet and the

exhaust manifolds are on the same side

which facilitates preheating of the

intake air

in the offset cross flow type the inlet

and the exhaust manifolds are placed on

different sides of the cylinder head

in the inline cross flow type the valve

is positioned transversely and usually

inclined to each other while the inlet

and the exhaust manifolds are on

different sides of the cylinder head

this arrangement gives better

performance but it is costlier

crankcase

the oil pan and the lower part of the

cylinder block together are called the

crank case

it is the bottom portion of the cylinder

block in which the crankshaft is fitted

this is a rigid construction made of

gray cast iron or aluminium

either it can be cast integrally with

the block or can be cast separately and

attached to the block with bolts

the crankcase is shaped simply like a

box having no bottom surface

the function of the crank case is to

provide support for the main journals

and bearing of the crankshaft rigidly

maintaining the alignment of their axes

of rotation under various engine loads

oil pan

the bottom half of the crankcase is

called the oil pan or sump it is

attached to the crankcase through set

screws and with a gasket to make the

joint leak proof

the oil pan serves as a reservoir for

the storage cooling and ventilation of

engine lubricating oil

at the bottom of the oil sump a drain

plug is provided to drain out the dirty

oil at the time of oil replacement

generally the sump is made of pressed

steel sheet or aluminium alloy casting

is also used

the oil pump in the lubricating system

draws oil from the oil pan and sends it

to all working parts in the engine the

oil drains often runs down into the pan

thus there is a constant circulation of

oil between the pan and the working

parts of the engine

manifolds

there are separate sets of pipes

attached to the cylinder head which

carries the air fuel mixture and the

exhaust gases these are called manifolds

it is generally made of cast iron so

that it can withstand the high

temperature of the exhaust gases

gaskets

gaskets are used to provide a tight

fitting joint between two surfaces

gaskets are found in the joint between

the cylinder head and the cylinder block

between the crank case and oil pan

and in between the cylinder block and

manifold

materials used for gaskets are

cork asbestos

rubber

gaskets produced by the fuel pro usa are

cylinder head gaskets

oil pan gaskets

manifold gaskets

and pump gaskets

cylinder liners

the cylindrical shaped liners are used

to avoid the cylinder wear it is one of

the most important functional part to

make up the interior of an engine

cylinder liners can be replaced after

they are worn out

these are made of special alloy iron

containing silicon

manganese

nickel

and chromium

usually these are cast centrifugally

these liners resistance to wear and

corrosion and are the oil hardening type

that offers considerably longer life for

the engine

there are two types of cylinder liners

will be available they are dry liners

and wet liners

dry liner is made in the shape of a

barrel with a flange at the top which

keeps it into position the entire outer

surface bears against the cylinder block

casting and hence these are machined

accurately at both outer and interfaces

wet liners will be in direct contact

with the cooling water at their outer

face because of this these liners need

not be machined very accurately at the

outer surface

however they have been machined

accurately at the inner surface

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pistons

these are the most important engine

parts compared to others the piston is a

cylindrical plug that moves up and down

in the cylinder it helps to convert

pressure energy obtained by the

combustion of fuel into useful

mechanical power and it transfer this

power to the crankshaft through the

connecting rod

the highest position of the piston

reaches in the cylinder is called the

top dead center and the lowest position

it reaches is called the bottom dead

center

it is provided with about three to five

piston rings that provides a good seal

between the cylinder wall and piston the

efficiency and economy of the engine is

primarily depend on the working of the

piston

the material used for the piston is

mainly cast iron and aluminium alloy it

may be either cast or forged

the piston is usually small in diameter

than the bore of the cylinder the space

between the cylinder and the cylinder

wall is called the piston clearance

this piston clearance provides a space

for a layer of lubricant between the

piston and cylinder wall to reduce

friction

generally piston clearance is

0.025 millimeters to

0.100 millimeters

piston rings

the piston rings are fitted into the

grooves of the piston to maintain a good

seal between the piston and the cylinder

wall

the function of piston rings is to form

a seal for the high pressures gases from

the combustion chamber entering into the

crank case

the material generally used for piston

rings is

fine grained alloy cast iron containing

silicon and manganese it has good heat

and wear resisting qualities

mainly there are two types of piston

rings available they are compression

rings and oil control rings the number

of piston rings used is about two to

four compression rings and 1 to 2 oil

control ring was used

connecting rod

it is fitted in between the piston and

crankshaft the main function of the

connecting rod is to convert the

reciprocating motion of the piston into

the rotary motion of the crankshaft

connecting rod in an ic engine is must

be light and strong enough to withstand

stress and twisting forces

it usually has i-beam cross-section and

is made of alloy steel of duralumin by

drop forging

the small end of the connecting rod has

either a solid eye used to connect the

piston by the piston pin

the big end of the connecting rod is

always split and it is used to connect

the crank pin of the crankshaft

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pin

the piston pin is also called wrist pin

or gauge and pin it is used for

connecting the small end of the

connecting rod and the piston

it is made hollow to reduce weight and

it is made from case hardened steel

mainly there are three types of piston

pins available

they are

set screw types piston pin

this pin is fastened to the piston by a

set screw

semi floating piston pin it is fastened

to the connecting rod with the clamp

screw

fully floating piston pin

the pin floats in both the piston bosses

and the small end of connecting rod it

is prevented from coming in contact with

the cylinder wall by two circlips

crankshaft

the crankshaft is the engine component

from which the power is taken

it is one of the main power transmission

sources in all engine parts

it is the first part of the power

transmission system in which the

reciprocating motion of the piston is

converted into the rotating motion with

the help of connecting rod

the crankshaft is made of casting or

forging of heat treated alloy steel and

is machined

a crankshaft consists of crank pins

wedge balancing weight and main journals

and oil holes

the front end of the crankshaft carries

three devices they are a gear that

drives the camshaft

the vibration damper to control

torsional vibration and the fan belt

pulley

this pulley drives the engine fan water

pump and generator with a v belt

the rear end of the crankshaft carries

flywheel the flywheel tends to keep the

crankshaft running at constant

camshaft

a camshaft is a shaft on which cams are

mounted

a cam is a device that changes the

rotary motion of the cam shaft into the

linear motion of the follower

it is responsible for the opening of the

valves a cam shaft has several cams

along the leg the cam shaft is driven by

the crankshaft and it has twice the

gears as many teeth as the gear on the

crankshaft and it turns at half the

speed of the crankshaft

camshaft made from forged alloy steel

there are three types of the camshaft

drive mechanism they are gear drive

chain drive and belt drive

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flywheel

the flywheel used in a transmission

system of a vehicle a flywheel is a

heavy steel wheel attached to the rear

end of the crankshaft

the size of the flywheel depends upon

the number of cylinders in the

construction of the engine

the inertia of the flywheel tends to

keep the running of the crankshaft at a

constant speed

engine valves

these are essential to control the

timing of air fuel mixture entry into

the cylinder and combustion products out

of the cylinders engine valves are

located at the inlet and outlet opening

of the engine cylinder the valves fit on

the valve seats in their closed position

that's it thanks for watching

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