Lead Acid Battery: How Do They Work? | Working Animation | Electrical4U
Summary
TLDRThe video script discusses the working principle of lead-acid batteries, commonly used as storage or secondary batteries. It details the materials involved, including lead peroxide, sponge lead, and dilute sulfuric acid. During discharge, lead peroxide and lead react with sulfuric acid to form lead sulfate and water, generating a flow of electrons through an external load. Recharging involves using an external DC source to revert lead sulfate back to lead peroxide and sponge lead, replenishing the battery for further use.
Takeaways
- 🔋 The lead acid battery is a common type of storage or secondary battery.
- 🏭 The main materials used in lead acid batteries are lead peroxide, sponge lead, and dilute sulfuric acid.
- 📍 The positive plate is made of lead peroxide, which is a dark brown, hard, and brittle substance.
- 🔩 The negative plate is composed of pure lead in a soft, sponge-like condition.
- 💧 Dilute sulfuric acid for the battery has a water to acid ratio of 3:1.
- ⚡ When a load is connected, the battery discharges by creating an electron imbalance between the plates.
- 🔁 During discharge, hydrogen ions take electrons from the lead peroxide plate, forming lead oxide and water, while sulfate ions give electrons to the sponge lead plate, forming lead sulfate.
- 🔄 The flow of current through the external load during discharge is due to the electron imbalance between the plates.
- 🔌 To recharge, the lead sulfate-covered plates are connected to an external DC source, with the lead peroxide plate connected to the positive terminal and the sponge lead plate to the negative.
- 🔄 During charging, hydrogen ions at the negative terminal take electrons to form hydrogen atoms, which react with lead sulfate to produce lead and sulfuric acid, while sulfate ions at the positive terminal give up electrons to form lead peroxide and sulfuric acid, readying the battery for discharge.
Q & A
What is a lead acid battery commonly used for?
-A lead acid battery is commonly used as a storage battery or secondary battery.
What are the main active materials required to construct a lead acid battery?
-The main active materials required are lead peroxide, sponge lead, and dilute sulfuric acid.
What is the composition of the positive plate in a lead acid battery?
-The positive plate of a lead acid battery is made of lead peroxide, which is a dark brown, hard, and brittle substance.
What is the composition of the negative plate in a lead acid battery?
-The negative plate of a lead acid battery is made of pure lead in a soft, sponge-like condition.
What is the ratio of water to acid in dilute sulfuric acid used for lead acid batteries?
-The ratio of water to acid in dilute sulfuric acid used for lead acid batteries is 3:1.
How is a lead acid storage battery formed?
-A lead acid storage battery is formed by dipping lead peroxide plates and sponge lead plates in dilute sulfuric acid.
What happens when a load is connected externally between the plates in diluted sulfuric acid?
-When a load is connected, hydrogen ions reach the lead peroxide plate, receive electrons, and become hydrogen atoms. These atoms then form lead oxide and water, which react with sulfuric acid to form lead sulfate and water.
How does the flow of current occur during the discharging of a lead acid battery?
-The flow of current occurs due to the inequality of electrons between the two plates, as hydrogen ions take electrons from the lead peroxide plate and sulfate ions give electrons to the lead plate.
What happens when the lead acid battery is disconnected from the load and connected to an external DC source?
-During charging, hydrogen ions move to the electrode connected with the negative terminal of the DC source, take electrons, and form hydrogen atoms. These atoms then react with lead sulfate to form lead and sulfuric acid. Sulfate ions move to the positive electrode, give up electrons, and react with lead sulfate to form lead peroxide and sulfuric acid.
Why does the density of sulfuric acid fall during discharging?
-The density of sulfuric acid falls during discharging because sulfuric acid is consumed in the reactions that form lead sulfate at both the positive and negative plates.
What is the purpose of charging a lead acid storage battery?
-The purpose of charging a lead acid storage battery is to convert the lead sulfate back into lead peroxide and pure lead, making the battery ready for discharging again.
Outlines
🔋 Working Principle of Lead Acid Battery
The paragraph discusses the working principle of a lead acid battery, a commonly used storage or secondary battery. The battery is constructed with lead peroxide for the positive plate, sponge lead for the negative plate, and dilute sulfuric acid as the electrolyte. During discharge, sulfuric acid molecules split into hydrogen ions and sulfate ions. Hydrogen ions react with the lead peroxide plate to form lead oxide and water, while sulfate ions react with the sponge lead plate to form lead sulfate. This creates an electron imbalance, leading to current flow through an external load. Charging the battery involves reversing the process using an external DC source, which converts lead sulfate back into lead peroxide and sponge lead, and replenishes the sulfuric acid.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Lead Acid Battery
💡Lead Peroxide
💡Sponge Lead
💡Dilute Sulfuric Acid
💡Discharging
💡Lead Sulfate
💡External Load
💡DC Source
💡Charging
💡Electrode
💡Ions
Highlights
Lead acid batteries are commonly used as storage or secondary batteries.
The main materials for lead acid batteries include lead peroxide, sponge lead, and dilute sulfuric acid.
The positive plate is made of lead peroxide, a dark brown, hard, and brittle substance.
The negative plate consists of pure lead in a soft, sponge-like condition.
Dilute sulfuric acid for lead acid batteries has a water to acid ratio of 3:1.
Lead acid storage batteries are formed by immersing lead peroxide and sponge lead plates in dilute sulfuric acid.
During discharge, hydrogen ions receive electrons from the lead peroxide plate to form hydrogen atoms.
Lead oxide reacts with sulfuric acid to form lead sulfate and water.
Negative sulfate ions give electrons to the pure lead plate, forming lead sulfate.
An electron imbalance between plates during discharge creates a current flow through the external load.
The process of balancing electron inequality is called discharging of the lead acid battery.
During charging, the density of sulfuric acid decreases, but it still exists in the solution.
Hydrogen ions move to the electrode connected with the negative terminal of the DC source during charging.
Hydrogen atoms attack lead sulfate to form lead and sulfuric acid during the charging process.
Negative sulfate ions move towards the positive terminal of the DC source and form radical sulfate.
Radical sulfate reacts with lead sulfate of the anode to form lead peroxide and sulfuric acid during charging.
Charging prepares the lead acid storage battery cell for discharging.
Transcripts
let's have a discussion on working
principle of lead acid battery this is
very commonly used as storage battery or
secondary
battery before going through the working
principle we should know about materials
used for lead acid storage battery
cells the main active materials required
to construct a lead acid battery are
lead peroxide sponge lead and dilute
sulfuric
acid the positive plate of lead acid
battery is made of lead peroxide this is
dark brown hard and brittle
substance the negative plate of lead
acid battery is made of pure lead in
soft sponge
condition dilute sulfuric acid used for
lead acid battery has ratio of water is
to acid equal to 3 is 1
on the lead acid storage batter is
formed by dipping lead peroxide plate
and sponge lead plate in dilute sulfuric
acid a load is connected externally
between these
plates in diluted sulfuric acid the
molecules of acid split into positive
hydrogen ions and negative sulfate
ions the hydrogen ions when reach at
lead peroxide plate they receive
electrons from it and become hydrogen
atom which again Attack lead peroxide
and form lead oxide and
water this lead oxide reacts with
sulfuric acid and forms lead sulfate and
water negative sulfate ions are moving
freely in the solution so some of them
will reach to Pure lead plate where they
give their extra electrons and become
radical sulfate as the radical sulfate
cannot exist alone it will attack pure
lead and will form lead
sulfate as positive hydrogen ions take
electrons from lead peroxide plate and
negative sulfate ions give electrons to
lead plate there would be an inequality
of electrons between these two plates
hence there would be a flow of current
through the external load between these
plates for balancing this inequality of
electrons this process is called
discharging of lead acid
battery now we will disconnect the load
and connect lead sulfate covered lead
peroxide plate with positive terminal of
an external DC source and Lead peroxide
covered lead plate with negative
terminal of that DC
source during discharging the density of
sulfuric acid Falls but there still
sulfuric acid exists in the solution
this sulfuric acid also remains as
positive hydrogen ions and negative
sulfate ions in the
solution hydrogen ions being positively
charged move to the electrode connected
with the negative terminal of the DC
Source here each hydrogen ion takes one
electron from that and becomes hydrogen
atom these hydrogen atoms then Attack
lead sulfate and form lead and sulfuric
acid negative sulfate ions move towards
the electrode connected with the
positive I terminal of DC Source where
they will give up their extra electrons
and become radical
sulfate this radical sulfate reacts with
lead sulfate of anode and forms lead
peroxide and sulfuric
acid hence by charging the lead acid
storage battery cell becomes ready for
discharging thank you
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