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Summary
TLDRThis video script outlines strategies for building support communities for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It emphasizes teaching social skills through methods like social skills groups, skill streaming, social stories, and natural environment teaching. The script also discusses training caregivers using behavior skills training and the importance of advocacy and person-centered planning. It highlights the role of behavior technicians in facilitating skill generalization and collaboration among support circles to enhance the client's quality of life.
Takeaways
- 😃 Social skills are crucial for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and can be taught through various interventions.
- 👥 Social skills groups, which include typically developing peers, are beneficial for teaching social skills to individuals with ASD.
- 🎓 Skill streaming is a teaching procedure that involves modeling, role-playing, feedback, and generalization to teach social skills.
- 📚 Social stories provide simple descriptions of social situations to help individuals with ASD understand and navigate them.
- 🌳 Natural environment teaching (NET) focuses on teaching social skills within the context of a client's usual routines and activities.
- 👨🏫 Behavior skills training (BST) is a four-step method used to teach new skills to both children and adults, including instruction, modeling, rehearsal, and feedback.
- 👪 Caregivers play a vital role in supporting individuals with ASD, and they can be trained through BST to effectively assist their loved ones.
- 🗣️ Advocacy for individuals with developmental disabilities involves understanding their needs, helping them make informed choices, and supporting their goals.
- 🔄 Person-centered planning emphasizes the individual's goals and strengths, involving family and community in the planning process.
- 🌐 Building a lifelong circle of support and essential lifestyle plans are key components of person-centered planning, aiming to maximize the quality of life for individuals with ASD.
- 🤝 Collaboration among all involved parties, including family members, caregivers, and service providers, is essential for ensuring consistency and a high quality of life for individuals with ASD.
Q & A
What are the three areas of deficit associated with autism spectrum disorder as described by the triad of impairments?
-The three areas of deficit associated with autism spectrum disorder are social interaction, social imagination, and social communication.
What is the purpose of including typically developing peers in social skills groups for individuals with autism spectrum disorder?
-Typically developing peers are included in social skills groups to provide good models for clients with autism, helping them learn and practice social skills in a more natural context.
How does skill streaming help in teaching social skills to individuals with autism?
-Skill streaming is a teaching procedure that involves modeling, role-playing, performance feedback, and generalization to develop alternative behaviors to replace problem behaviors, thus teaching social skills.
What is the role of a behavior technician during social skills groups?
-A behavior technician may help clients during social skills groups when they are in need of additional support for learning the skills and managing challenging behavior.
How do social stories assist individuals with autism spectrum disorder?
-Social stories provide a simple description of a social situation from the perspective of the individual with ASD, helping them understand social cues, expectations, and consequences, and guide them on appropriate responses.
What is the difference between teaching social skills using natural environment teaching (NET) and other methods?
-Natural environment teaching focuses on teaching skills in the usual routines and activities of the client, making the learning process more contextual and relevant to the individual's daily life.
How does behavior skills training (BST) help caregivers support their loved ones with autism?
-Behavior skills training is a four-step method that teaches caregivers new skills to support their loved ones effectively. It involves instruction, modeling, rehearsal, and feedback to ensure the caregiver can consistently apply the taught skills.
Why is it important to involve family and community in the planning process for individuals with autism?
-Involving family and community in the planning process ensures that the support provided is person-centered, taking into account the individual's goals, strengths, and the resources available within their social network.
What is the role of a circle of support in person-centered planning for individuals with autism?
-A circle of support is a group of people committed to helping an individual with autism meet their personal goals. It includes family, friends, and community members who work together to minimize obstacles and maximize the individual's quality of life.
How does essential lifestyle planning contribute to the well-being of individuals with autism?
-Essential lifestyle planning involves understanding what is important to the individual, balancing health, safety, and happiness, and finding a balance within what is possible for the individual and their community, thus enhancing their overall well-being.
Why is collaboration among different service providers and circles important for individuals with autism?
-Collaboration ensures consistency and stability for the individual with autism, allowing for a more cohesive support system and facilitating the generalization of skills across different environments and situations.
Outlines
🤝 Building Supportive Communities for Autism Spectrum Disorder
This paragraph introduces the video's focus on developing supportive communities for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). It discusses the importance of teaching social skills to clients, training caregivers, and helping clients access community resources. The paragraph outlines various social skills interventions such as social skills groups, skill streaming, social stories, and natural environment teaching. Social skills groups involve peers and may include typically developing individuals as role models. Skill streaming is a teaching procedure developed by Dr. Goldstein and Dr. McGinnis in 1973, aimed at replacing problem behaviors with alternative behaviors through modeling, role-playing, performance, feedback, and generalization. Social stories provide simple descriptions of social situations from the perspective of individuals with ASD, often needing supplementation with role-playing and feedback. Natural environment teaching (NET) involves teaching skills in the context of the client's usual routines and activities, following behavior principles like reinforcement and shaping.
👨👩👧👦 Training Caregivers with Behavior Skills Training
The second paragraph delves into the process of providing caregivers with essential training to support their loved ones with ASD. It introduces Behavior Skills Training (BST), a four-step method similar to skill streaming, which includes instruction, modeling, rehearsal, and feedback. The paragraph explains each step in detail: providing clear and detailed instructions, demonstrating the skill through modeling, allowing caregivers to practice the skill in rehearsal, and offering feedback to refine their performance. The goal is to ensure caregivers can effectively support their children in daily life, with the ultimate aim of generalizing these skills beyond the training sessions and into the home and community environments. The paragraph emphasizes the role of behavior technicians in facilitating this training and the importance of involving family members and caregivers in the client's life for skill maintenance and development.
🌟 Advocacy and Person-Centered Planning for ASD Individuals
The final paragraph shifts the focus to advocacy and person-centered planning for individuals with ASD. It distinguishes between helpful advocacy, which involves understanding and supporting the client's choices and goals, and over-helping, which can hinder the client's autonomy. The paragraph introduces person-centered planning as a system that includes the individual's goals and strengths, involving family and community from the planning stage. It discusses the concept of 'circles of support,' groups that meet regularly to help individuals achieve personal goals, and 'essential lifestyle plans,' which balance the individual's desires with health and safety considerations. The paragraph concludes by emphasizing the importance of collaboration among all individuals in the client's life, including family, community members, and service providers, to ensure consistency and stability, and to promote a high quality of life for the client.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
💡Social Skills
💡ABA Programs
💡Social Skills Groups
💡Skill Streaming
💡Social Stories
💡Natural Environment Teaching (NET)
💡Behavior Skills Training (BST)
💡Generalization
💡Person-Centered Planning
💡Circles of Support
💡Essential Lifestyle Plans (ELP)
Highlights
Building communities of support for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involves teaching social skills, supporting caregivers, and accessing community resources.
Social skills are a critical area of deficit for individuals with ASD, characterized by impairments in social interaction, imagination, and communication.
ABA programs can address social skill deficits through various interventions such as social skills groups, skill streaming, social stories, and natural environment teaching.
Social skills groups should include typically developing peers to provide good models for clients with ASD.
Skill streaming is a teaching procedure developed by Dr. Goldstein and Dr. McGinnis in 1973 to replace problem behavior with alternative behaviors.
Skill streaming involves four steps: modeling, role-playing, performance, feedback, and generalization.
Social stories provide a simple description of social situations from the perspective of an individual with ASD, aiding in understanding community use and safety.
Natural environment teaching (NET) focuses on teaching social skills within the client's usual routines and activities.
Behavior technicians use reinforcement and shaping principles in NET to teach and reinforce social skills.
Behavior Skills Training (BST) is a four-step method to teach new skills to children and adults, similar to skill streaming.
BST includes instruction, modeling, rehearsal, and feedback to effectively teach new skills.
Generalization of skills from sessions to caregivers is crucial for maintaining and building upon learned skills.
Advocacy for clients with developmental disabilities involves understanding their needs, helping them make informed choices, and supporting their goals.
Person-centered planning focuses on the individual's goals and strengths, including family and community in the planning process.
Circles of Support are groups that meet regularly to help individuals with disabilities achieve their personal goals.
Essential Lifestyle Plans (ELP) are part of person-centered planning, balancing happiness and safety for the individual.
Collaboration among all involved parties is necessary to ensure consistency and stability for individuals with ASD.
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) programs often provide services in clients' homes and community centers to facilitate relationship building and inclusion.
Transcripts
hello and welcome back in this next
video we will review how we can build
communities of support for individuals
with autism spectrum disorder
by teaching our clients important social
skills
teaching caregivers how to support their
loved ones
and helping our clients access valuable
resources
in their communities first we will
review some different social skills
interventions that we can use to help
individuals with autism spectrum
disorder
before we continue take a moment to
imagine what social
skills you use every day in your own
lives
and what challenges you would have to
overcome without these skills
social skills in an area of deficit for
all individuals with autism spectrum
disorder
as described by the triad of impairments
these deficits can include social
interaction
social imagination and social
communication
aba programs can address these deficits
and teach social skills in a number of
ways
including social skills groups
skill streaming social stories
and natural environment teaching we will
review
each of these strategies in more detail
over the next few slides
social skills groups are small groups
made up of peers within the same
age group it is important to include
some typically developing peers
in these groups to provide good models
for our clients
behavior technicians may help clients
during social skills groups when they
are in need of additional support
for learning the skills and or managing
challenging behavior
the group will cover various topics
related to social skills
and it will typically employ some sort
of skills training procedure
one such procedure is skill streaming
skill streaming is a teaching procedure
primarily used when working on social
skills
this teaching procedure was first
developed by dr goldstein
and dr mcginnis in 1973.
the goal is to develop alternative
behaviors to replace
problem behavior this procedure involves
four basic steps
modeling role playing performance
feedback
and generalization if a client does not
yet
initiate greetings the behavior
technician could teach the skill via
skill streaming by first modeling how to
initiate a greeting
role-playing the skill with the client
and then having the client
practice the skill as opportunities
arise
the technician could then provide the
client with some feedback
and then repeat these steps until their
client masters the skill
a social story is a simple description
of a social situation told from the
perspective of the individual with asd
they can also be used to describe
community use
and safety like crossing the street
these stories can be general or
individualized
individualized stories often describe
what is happening currently and the
consequences for
that behavior and what the individual
can do instead
to get a better outcome social stories
often need to be supplemented with role
playing
feedback and generalization to be
effective
sometimes social stories help our
clients better understand what to expect
regarding an upcoming event like going
to the dentist
or moving when teaching social skills
with natural environment teaching or
net behavior technicians focus on
teaching skills in the usual routines
and activities for that client
example of teaching social skills using
net
include teaching the skill of sharing
during free play on the playground
or in the classroom teaching the skill
of taking turns while playing games with
peers
and teaching the skill of joining play
at an after school program
nat follows the basic behavior
principles that we
have reviewed this far especially
reinforcement and shaping
if the client does not perform the skill
correctly feedback is given regarding
what they did well
and what they need to do better the next
time
rehearsal and role play is used as
needed to shape
up targeted social skills and all
correct responses are followed by
reinforcement
this reinforcement may be a token or
praise at first
and then later these forms are faded so
that the natural consequences
like getting to play with friends
reinforces
or maintains the behavior next we will
discuss
how to provide caregivers with important
training to help support
our clients in their homes and daily
lives
the most effective way to provide this
training is using a process called
behavior skills training behavior skills
training or
bst is a research-based four-step method
to teach
both children and adults new skills
the bst method is similar to the skill
streaming method
that we reviewed earlier the four steps
for
bst are instruction modeling
rehearsal and feedback instructions
is the first step in behavior skills
training
when providing instructions you need to
describe the skill in detail
if the task is complex you will want to
break it down
into smaller steps you will also want to
describe when to follow the steps
provided
this detail will finally help the
caregiver be consistent with the support
and teaching moments
they provide finally it's important to
describe the outcomes for following the
instructions
which can help provide caregivers with
motivation to stick with the plan
for example when teaching a parent how
to use a pecs
book you might say point to the textbook
when you see your son reaching for the
juice
and then provide him with juice after he
gives you the juice icon
this will teach him to use his textbook
when he wants something
you'll see him asking more for what he
wants rather than leading you
to the item or tantruming when you don't
understand him
the second step in behavior skills
training is modeling
when modeling you will demonstrate the
skill for the parent or caregiver by
showing them
exactly what they need to do you can do
this
live with your client or via role play
and you will want to ensure that your
model is simple and easy to follow
you will model the skill in the
appropriate context and provide multiple
opportunities to view the model
the great thing about this step is that
once
one caregiver masters the skill then
they can serve as a model for others in
that client's life
in our example of teaching a parent how
to use a pex book
you would demonstrate waiting until the
client reaches for the juice
pointing to the book and then providing
juice when the client hands the icon to
you
if providing this model by role playing
the parent could play the role
of the child while you model these steps
the third step in behavior skills
training is rehearsal
this is an opportunity for the parent to
practice the skill with you
or someone other than the client make
sure that they are comfortable and
willing to complete this step
this is also your opportunity to check
for mastery and provide feedback to help
shape the skill for that caregiver
you will once again rehearse the skill
in the appropriate context
and provide the multiple opportunities
for rehearsal
during this step immediately reinforce
what they did correctly
and provide information on what they can
change and why
you will continue to rehearse the skill
until they are ready to attempt the
skill on their own
in our example of teaching a parent to
use a pex book you would play the role
of the child with the parent
practice waiting pointing and providing
juice at the appropriate times
feedback is the fourth and final step of
behavior skills training
during this step you will have the
caregiver practice the skill with your
client
while you observe after they perform the
skill provide statements of praise for
any correct parts
and give informational feedback for any
steps that need work
make sure this feedback is detailed and
descriptive
if certain steps need more work you can
go back to rehearsal
and focus on those steps in particular
before returning to feedback
you will repeat the process of rehearsal
and feedback until the skill is mastered
in our example of teaching a parent to
use a pex book
this is when you would step back and
observe while the parent practices the
skill of waiting
pointing and providing juice with their
child
as a behavior technician you will be
involved in helping support parents and
other caregivers
and learning new skills to help the ones
they love reach their fullest potential
you will of course serve as good models
for how to respond to problem behavior
during your sessions but you will also
be responsible for generalization
but you will also be responsible for
generalizing skills from your sessions
to caregivers
this could be as simple as asking
parents to practice
mastered skills with their kids outside
of session
or it might involve assisting your
specialist with a step and behavior
skills training
in general the more you can get your
client practicing skills with family
members and caregivers during regular
routines
the more likely it is that they will
maintain these skills and build upon
them
in the future last but not least we will
discuss how to build skills
in a community of support to help our
clients access
important resources that will help them
to reach their goals
and thrive first when assisting
individuals with developmental
disabilities
it's important to understand what is and
is not helpful
our ultimate goal is to help advocate
for our clients
advocacy is taking time to understand
those we help
helping our clients understand their
choices and the possible outcomes
of those choices and helping our clients
achieve their dreams and goals
it is not making decisions for others
speaking for others without first
understanding
what they want to say or agreeing with
everything a person wants to do
when we advocate for others we want to
make sure that we are not
over helping or over speaking the
ultimate goal is that they are heard
understood and supported person-centered
planning is a system that helps build
advocacy
into the process this is a different
approach than more traditional models
that typically focus
more on the system's wants and needs
talking about the individual's diagnosis
and deficits and only involving the
family and community once the plans for
that individual are decided
instead person-centered planning focuses
on the person's goals
and strengths and includes family and
community in the planning process
one way person-centered planning
includes the family and community is by
building a lifelong circle of support
for each client
circles of support are groups of people
who meet regularly to help a person meet
their
personal goals in life this group is
made up of a community of people who are
committed to helping the person of focus
achieve what they want in life overall
the goal of this group is to minimize
obstacles and maximize quality of life
for the person they are supporting
when possible the focused person is the
one in charge of making decisions
but if they cannot make decisions then
the group chooses the person closest to
the focused person
usually a parent or a caregiver circles
of support include
non-paid family and community members
who are willing and able to be there for
the individual
these members could be parents siblings
friends
and community members professionals such
as doctors
teachers and behavior technicians are
considered a resource that the circle
helps the individual to access
but are not part of the circle
themselves essential lifestyle plans are
another important part of
person-centered planning
these plans involve finding out what is
important to the focused person
learning what health safety and risk
means to the focused person
and their loved ones and finding a
balance between happiness and safety
within what is possible for that
individual
and their community for example if a
person loves eating pizza but their
weight is causing expensive health
problems
the elp would balance this want
with the need of health perhaps there
are healthier alternatives that the
focused person also enjoys eating or the
focused person could have a pizza party
once a month last but not least it is
important to remember that a person with
autism spectrum disorder
often has many different people from
different circles in their lives
that means that everyone involved needs
to collaborate in order to ensure
consistency and stability for that
individual
this includes inviting members of the
circle of support and outside
providers to educational team meetings
and discussing plans and sharing
documents with everyone involved
and providing resources and services to
the individual
applied behavior analysis programs often
accomplish this by providing services
with the clients in their homes when
possible
you may also support your clients at
community centers like the ymca or boys
and girls club
to help facilitate relationship building
and inclusion
the more everyone works together and the
more inclusive the environment is
the more we can ensure a high quality of
life for all of our clients
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