As 7 características básicas para o diagnóstico de Autismo [NOVO DSM-5]

Summary

This video provides an in-depth explanation of the diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). It outlines the two core features of autism: persistent deficits in communication and social interaction, and restricted, repetitive behaviors. The speaker delves into the three parts of the first criterion and the four components of the second, offering examples to clarify each. Additionally, the video discusses sensory sensitivities and how they vary among individuals with autism. The speaker emphasizes the importance of accurate diagnosis and invites viewers to share their experiences with ASD evaluations.

Takeaways

• 😀 The diagnosis of autism involves two main criteria: persistent deficits in communication and social interaction, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities.
• 😀 The first criterion (deficits in communication and social interaction) includes three key areas: social-emotional reciprocity, nonverbal communication, and difficulties in initiating and maintaining relationships.
• 😀 The second criterion (restricted and repetitive behaviors) includes four areas: stereotypical behaviors, insistence on sameness, highly focused interests, and sensory sensitivities.
• 😀 Autistic individuals often struggle with shared attention, such as difficulties in engaging others in shared interests or emotions, which is a common sign in the first criterion.
• 😀 Even individuals with preserved verbal communication may still struggle with understanding subtle social cues like facial expressions, body language, and tone of voice.
• 😀 Initiating and maintaining relationships can be challenging for individuals with autism, especially in everyday settings, although this may vary based on the severity of the condition.
• 😀 Restricted, repetitive behaviors often manifest as stereotypical motor movements (like hand-flapping) or vocalizations (like echolalia), which may seem nonfunctional but serve a personal purpose for the individual.
• 😀 Insistence on routines and rituals is common in autism, with individuals experiencing distress when routines are disrupted, such as when familiar routes or schedules are altered.
• 😀 Highly focused interests may involve objects or themes that dominate the individual's attention, sometimes to the exclusion of other topics, which can impact social interactions and daily life.
• 😀 Sensory sensitivities are a significant part of autism, with individuals experiencing heightened or reduced responses to sensory stimuli (sights, sounds, textures), which can vary widely from person to person.

Q & A

What are the two main characteristics that define autism, according to the script?

Autism is defined by two main characteristics: 1) persistent deficits in communication and social interaction, and 2) restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities.

How many parts does the first diagnostic criterion (A) have, and what do they refer to?

The first criterion (A) has three parts. They refer to: 1) deficits in socio-emotional reciprocity, 2) deficits in non-verbal and verbal communication, and 3) difficulties in initiating and maintaining relationships.

What does 'socio-emotional reciprocity' mean in the context of autism?

'Socio-emotional reciprocity' refers to the difficulty individuals with autism have in connecting emotionally with others and in sharing interests or experiences. An example is a child with autism not following or engaging in shared attention during activities, such as showing an object to a caregiver.

What is a key aspect of verbal and non-verbal communication difficulties in individuals with autism?

Individuals with autism may have difficulties understanding subtle communication cues, such as facial expressions, body language, and tone of voice. Even if their verbal communication is intact, they may struggle with prosody (tone and rhythm of speech) and other non-verbal forms of communication.

What challenges do people with autism face in maintaining relationships?

People with autism may find it difficult to initiate and maintain relationships, particularly in everyday social contexts. They may struggle with forming friendships or maintaining long-term relationships due to issues with social reciprocity and communication.

What are the four parts of criterion B, and how many need to be present for a diagnosis?

Criterion B includes four parts: 1) stereotypical behaviors (e.g., repetitive movements), 2) insistence on routines, 3) intense focus on specific interests or objects, and 4) hyper or hypo-reactivity to sensory input. An individual needs at least two of these to meet the criteria for a diagnosis.

What is an example of stereotypical behavior in autism?

An example of stereotypical behavior is a person repeatedly flapping their hands or making repetitive sounds, which may seem purposeless to others but often provide sensory or emotional feedback to the individual.

How does insistence on routines manifest in individuals with autism?

Insistence on routines manifests as a strong preference for sameness. For example, a person might get upset if their usual route to work or school is changed, even if the change is minor, such as road construction.

What does 'focused and intense interests' mean in the context of autism?

Individuals with autism may develop intense, narrow interests, such as a fascination with dinosaurs or specific topics. These interests can dominate their conversations and activities, which may impact their social interactions and flexibility in thinking.

What is the significance of sensory sensitivities in autism?

Sensory sensitivities in autism involve hyper or hypo-reactivity to sensory stimuli, such as lights, sounds, textures, or smells. This can lead to a heightened or diminished sensory experience of the world, which is often distinct and inconsistent across individuals with autism.