Cara Kerja Motor Listrik DC

Summary

This video script delves into the workings of a Direct Current (DC) electric motor, a common component in various vehicle systems such as cooling fans, starters, wipers, and power windows. It explains the fundamental principle of electromagnetic force, referencing Fleming's left-hand rule to describe the motor's motion in response to electric current and magnetic fields. The script simplifies the concept by illustrating how an electric current flowing through a conductor between magnets results in movement. It further explains the roles of the stator, which generates a magnetic field, and the rotor, which acts as the moving conductor. Additional components like brushes and a commutator are also discussed, highlighting their importance in channeling electricity to the rotating rotor. The script concludes by summarizing how the interaction of magnetic fields causes the rotor to spin, providing a clear and concise explanation of the electric motor's operation.

Takeaways

• 🔌 The script discusses the working principles of DC electric motors, which are widely used in various vehicle components such as cooling fans, starters, wipers, power windows, and more.
• 🧲 The fundamental principle behind electric motors is electromagnetism, explained by Fleming's left-hand rule, which determines the direction of movement of a conductor in a magnetic field when electrified.
• 👆 The direction of the electric current flow is indicated by the middle finger, the magnetic field direction by the index finger, and the resulting motion direction by the thumb in Fleming's left-hand rule.
• 📡 When a conductor is placed between two magnets with the magnetic field going from north to south and DC current flowing, the conductor moves upwards according to Fleming's rule.
• 🔁 The script explains that by coiling the wire and increasing the magnetic field, the conductor will move in the opposite direction if the coil's center is connected to a commutator.
• 🔄 The rotation of the wire is stabilized by adding more coils, resulting in a stable spinning motion, which is the basis of the motor's operation.
• 🌀 The motor has two main components: the stator, which is the stationary part that generates the magnetic field, and the rotor, which is the moving conductor.
• 💎 The stator can be made of permanent magnets or electromagnets, while the rotor is the wire that is spun by the magnetic interaction.
• 🔌 Electromagnetic coils are similar to permanent magnets but require an electric current to generate magnetism, which can be achieved by coiling wire around an iron core.
• 🔗 The commutator acts as a connector that channels electricity from the battery's positive and negative terminals to the rotating rotor.
• 🔋 The electric motor operates when current from the battery is directed to both the stator and rotor, creating a magnetic field that causes the rotor to spin.

Q & A

What is the main topic discussed in the video script?

The main topic discussed in the video script is the working principle of DC electric motors, particularly their application in vehicles and various other components.

What is the Left-Hand Rule mentioned in the script?

The Left-Hand Rule, also known as Fleming's Left-Hand Rule, is a principle that explains the direction of movement of a conductor carrying an electric current in a magnetic field.

How does the direction of the magnetic field affect the movement of the conductor in a DC electric motor?

The direction of the magnetic field determines the direction of the conductor's movement. If the magnetic field is from north to south, and DC current is supplied, the conductor will move upwards according to Fleming's Left-Hand Rule.

What are the two main components of a DC electric motor?

The two main components of a DC electric motor are the stator and the rotor. The stator generates the magnetic field, while the rotor is the moving conductor.

What is the role of the stator in a DC electric motor?

The stator in a DC electric motor acts as the stationary part that produces the magnetic field, either through permanent magnets or electromagnets.

What is the role of the rotor in a DC electric motor?

The rotor is the rotating part of the motor, consisting of conductors that, when energized, interact with the magnetic field produced by the stator, causing rotation.

How are electromagnets different from permanent magnets in a DC electric motor?

Electromagnets require an electric current to generate a magnetic field, unlike permanent magnets which have a constant magnetic field without the need for an external power source.

What is the purpose of the commutator in a DC electric motor?

The commutator serves as a connector that channels electricity from the battery to the rotor, allowing the rotor to rotate by continuously reversing the direction of the current.

How does the motor achieve a stable rotation?

A stable rotation is achieved by adding more coils and using a commutator to ensure that the direction of the current in the rotor is consistently adjusted to maintain rotation against the magnetic field.

What is the significance of the electric current flowing through the coils in the stator?

The electric current flowing through the coils in the stator generates a magnetic field, which is essential for the interaction with the rotor and the resulting motion of the motor.

What additional insight does the script provide about the practical application of DC electric motors?

The script provides insight into how DC electric motors work in various vehicle components such as cooling fans, starters, wipers, power windows, and more, highlighting their widespread use.

Outlines

00:00

🔌 Understanding DC Electric Motors

This paragraph introduces the topic of how electric motors work, specifically focusing on DC motors which are widely used in various vehicle components such as cooling fans, starters, wipers, power windows, and more. It explains the fundamental principle behind electric motors, which is the electromagnetic force described by Fleming's left-hand rule. This rule states that a conductor carrying an electric current in a magnetic field will experience a force, and the direction of this force can be determined by the orientation of the current and the magnetic field. The paragraph uses a simple demonstration with a wire between two magnets to illustrate how the wire moves when an electric current is applied, and how this motion can be harnessed to create a rotating motion in a motor.

Keywords

💡Electric Motor

An electric motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. In the context of the video, it is the main focus as the script discusses how different types of electric motors, specifically DC motors, work. The script mentions various applications of electric motors in vehicles, such as for cooling fans, starters, wipers, power windows, and more.

💡DC Motor

DC stands for 'Direct Current,' and a DC motor is a type of electric motor that uses direct current to operate. The video script explains that DC motors are widely used and have a common principle of operation based on electromagnetic force. The script simplifies the concept by discussing the working principle of a DC motor.

💡Electromagnetism

Electromagnetism is a fundamental force in physics that deals with the interaction between electric currents and magnetic fields. The video script uses the concept of electromagnetism to explain how an electric motor works, particularly mentioning the movement of a conductor through a magnetic field when an electric current is applied.

💡Fleming's Left-Hand Rule

Fleming's Left-Hand Rule is a mnemonic used to determine the direction of force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field. The video script references this rule to illustrate the direction of movement of the conductor within an electric motor, which is crucial to understanding the motor's operation.

💡Stator

The stator is the stationary part of an electric motor that generates a magnetic field. In the script, it is mentioned as one of the two main components of an electric motor, with the stator being responsible for creating the magnetic field that interacts with the rotor to produce motion.

💡Rotor

The rotor is the rotating part of an electric motor that is affected by the magnetic field produced by the stator. The video script describes how the rotor, which can be a wire conductor, moves due to the interaction with the magnetic field and thus generates the motor's rotation.

💡Magnetic Field

A magnetic field is a region around a magnetic material or a moving electric charge within which the force of magnetism acts. The script explains that the magnetic field is essential for the operation of an electric motor, as it influences the movement of the rotor within the motor.

💡Permanent Magnet

A permanent magnet is a ferromagnetic material that is magnetized and creates its own persistent magnetic field. In the context of the video, the stator can be made up of permanent magnets or electromagnets, which are essential for generating the magnetic field needed for the motor's operation.

💡Electromagnet

An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is produced by an electric current. The script mentions that the magnetic field for the stator can also be generated by an electromagnet, which requires an electric current to create magnetism, unlike a permanent magnet.

💡Solenoid

A solenoid is a type of electromagnet that consists of a coil of wire that is wound into a cylindrical shape around a metallic core. The video script describes how a solenoid works by coiling wire around an iron core to create a magnetic field when electric current flows through it.

💡Commutator

A commutator is a component in an electric motor that periodically reverses the direction of the current in the rotor windings. The script explains that the commutator acts as a connector that allows the electric current from the battery to be supplied to the rotating rotor, which is essential for continuous rotation of the motor.

Highlights

Introduction to the discussion of how motors, specifically electric motors, work in the context of various vehicle components.

Explanation of DC electric motors as a common type used in vehicles for cooling fans, starters, wipers, power windows, and more.

Simplification of the working principle of DC electric motors through basic concepts.

Reference to the 'left-hand rule' or Fleming's rule, which explains the motion of a conductor in a magnetic field when electrified.

Demonstration of the direction of electric current flow and magnetic field orientation affecting the movement of the conductor.

Illustration of how a wire placed between two magnets moves due to the DC current and magnetic field direction.

Expansion on the concept by increasing the size of the magnets and changing the wire to a coil to observe the motion.

Introduction of the stator and rotor as the two main components of an electric motor, with the stator generating a stationary magnetic field.

Description of the rotor as the conductive wire that is enlarged and interacts with the magnetic field to rotate.

Differentiation between permanent magnets and electromagnets, explaining how electric current can create magnetism.

Explanation of the coil magnetic's structure, including its ability to transform iron into a magnet with electric current.

Introduction of brushes as connectors that channel electricity from the battery to the rotating rotor.

Description of the process where electric current from the battery is split to the stator and rotor, creating motion.

Conclusion that the electric motor operates by the interaction of the magnetic fields generated by the stator and rotor.

Emphasis on the educational value of understanding the inner workings of electric motors for practical applications.

Encouragement for viewers to subscribe for more informative content on similar topics.

Closing with a reminder for the next video and a musical cue to signal the end of the current video.

Transcripts

hai hai semua balik lagi di autosport

hari ini kita akan bahas Bagaimana motor

listrik itu bekerja sekedar informasi

motor listrik DC merupakan jenis motor

yang banyak sekali digunakan pada

kendaraan dari kipas pendingin motor

starter wiper power window dan masih

banyak lainnya lalu Bagaimana prinsip

kerjanya proses yang terjadi di dalam

motor listrik DC itu seperti apa Nah

kita akan bahas sesimpel mungkin kalau

kita cari referensi tentang motor

listrik kita bakal menemukan ternyata

motor listrik itu ada banyak jenisnya

tapi dari semua jenis motor listrik yang

ada semuanya punya prinsip yang sama

yakni gaya elektromagnetik ada sebuah

teori yang namanya kaidah tangan kiri

Fleming kaidah tersebut menjelaskan

ketika sebuah penghantar yang dialiri

arus listrik berada di tengah medan

magnet maka penghantar tersebut akan

bergerak ke arah yang bisa ditentukan

Hai seperti yang Anda lihat jari tengah

menunjukkan arah arus listrik yang

mengaliri penghantar jari telunjuk

menunjukkan arah medan magnet sementara

ibu jari akan menunjukkan kemana arah

penghantar tersebut bergerak JAdi misal

Saya punya kawat penghantar yang saya

letakkan di antara dua magnet kemana

arah Medan magnetnya ke kiri karena

medan magnet itu dari utara ke selatan

lalu saya alirkan arus DC menjauhi layar

maka kemana kawat penghantar tersebut

bergerak ke atas sesuai kaidah Fleming

sekarang kita perbesar magnetnya dan

ganti kawat penghantarnya seperti pada

gambar bisa kita lihat sekarang aliran

listrik mengalir memutari penghantar

akibatnya kawat penghantar akan bergerak

dengan arah yang berlawanan kalau bagian

senter kawat kita pinkant ke sebuah

poros

dan bagian kontaknya kita ubah jadi

seperti ini Apa yang terjadi kawat itu

akan berputar Meskipun putarannya tidak

stabil agar lebih stabil kita tambahkan

lebih banyak kawan jadi hasilnya akan

seperti ini sekarang putarannya sudah

stabil bukan sekarang kita aplikasikan

ini pada motor listrik ada dua komponen

utama pada motor listrik yaitu stator

dan rotor stator itu penghasil magnet

yang diam sementara rotor adalah kawat

penghantar yang diperbesar stator bisa

berupa magnet permanen atau file

magnetic koil magnetic sendiri pada

dasarnya sama seperti magnet permanen

tapi koil magnetic perlu arus listrik

supaya ada magnetnya bentuk coil

magnetic itu seperti ini ada kumparan

yang melilit inti besi saat kumparan itu

kita Al

distrik maka magnet akan terbentuk

dengan kata lain dengan cara ini kita

bisa mengubah besi menjadi magnet dengan

mengalirkan arus listrik Lalu ada

komponen tambahan bernama sikat sikat

ini seperti konektor yang menyalurkan

listrik rotor ada dua sikap yang

masing-masing menyalurkan listrik dari

terminal positif dan negatif baterai

melalui sikat itu arus dari baterai bisa

disambungkan ke rotor yang berputar Jadi

kesimpulannya motor listrik bekerja saat

ada arus masuk dari baterai harus

tersebut dicabangkan ke stator melalui

koneksi langsung dan ke rotor melalui

sikap akibatnya baik stator dan rotor

menghasilkan magnet dan kemagnetan itu

membuat rotor berputar Nah itulah yang

terjadi di dalam motor listrik proses

yang kasat mata tapi masih bisa kita

pelajari jangan lupa subscribe dan

sampai jumpa pada video berikutnya dan

hai hai

[Musik]