Historia de la Administración Segunda Parte (Medievo y Revolución Industrial)

Summary

This video explores the evolution of administration, beginning with the Middle Ages and transitioning to the Industrial Revolution. It explains the feudal system, where lords controlled land and production, with artisans running small-scale workshops. The Industrial Revolution marked the rise of the bourgeoisie and mass production in factories, leading to the need for specialized management. This shift birthed the first administrative schools, notably the Classical School and Scientific Management, enhancing business productivity. The video highlights these historical milestones and their impact on modern administration.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Middle Ages, or Medieval period, lasted from the 5th to the 15th century and was a time of darkness following the rise of ancient civilizations.
• 😀 Feudalism, characterized by land controlled by feudal lords, was the dominant system in the Middle Ages. These lords owned land, production means, and even the people (serfs).
• 😀 Feudal estates (feudos) were usually fortified, with controlled access, and were the centers of medieval life and administration.
• 😀 Craft workshops were an important feature of the Medieval economy. These small businesses were managed by artisans who specialized in trades like tailoring, shoemaking, carpentry, and baking.
• 😀 Goods produced in workshops were unique, made by apprentices, and could not be mass-produced, unlike products made in later industrial stages.
• 😀 The economy of the feudal system was based on barter. The feudal lord was the only one allowed to trade using gold coins, as they controlled the land and currency.
• 😀 After the Middle Ages, the economist Adam Smith emphasized the importance of the division of labor in his work 'The Wealth of Nations,' believing it increased productivity.
• 😀 The Industrial Revolution followed the rise of capitalism and was driven by inventions like the steam engine and loom, which revolutionized production.
• 😀 The Industrial Revolution led to the rise of the bourgeoisie, a wealthy class of businessmen who owned production means and shaped the modern economy.
• 😀 The transition from craft workshops to large-scale factory production marked a significant change, with products being mass-produced in factories rather than individually crafted.
• 😀 The need for specialized knowledge in administration led to the creation of the first administrative schools in the 20th century, notably the Classical School led by Henri Fayol and the Scientific School led by Frederick Winslow Taylor.

Q & A

What were the key characteristics of the Medieval period in terms of administration?

The Medieval period, or the Middle Ages, was characterized by feudalism, where large land areas, known as 'feudos', were controlled by feudal lords. These lords owned the land, the people living on it, and all properties within it. Administration was decentralized, with local lords managing their territories and controlling trade through the use of barter.

What does the term 'feudalism' mean, and how did it shape the economy in the Medieval period?

'Feudalism' comes from the word 'feudo,' referring to large estates of land controlled by feudal lords. These lords not only owned the land but also the people who lived on it, who were typically peasants or serfs. The economy in this period was shaped by a barter system where the feudal lords controlled all trade and were the only ones with access to gold currency.

What was the role of 'master artisans' in Medieval administration?

Master artisans were responsible for small, local businesses, known as workshops, where products were made. These artisans supervised apprentices and managed the production of unique, handcrafted goods like clothing, shoes, and food. The goods produced were not mass-produced and had individual characteristics.

How did Adam Smith's work influence the administration during the Industrial Revolution?

Adam Smith's work, 'The Wealth of Nations,' emphasized the division of labor, arguing that by dividing tasks, individuals could specialize and increase productivity. This theory contributed to the industrialization process, where mass production methods allowed for higher efficiency in the production of goods.

What was the significance of the Industrial Revolution in terms of business administration?

The Industrial Revolution brought about the rise of capitalism and the birth of the bourgeoisie, the new class of entrepreneurs who owned the means of production. This period marked the shift from small, handcrafted goods to large-scale, mass production, leading to the establishment of companies focused on maximizing profit. The need for specialized administrators to manage these companies also arose during this time.

What changes occurred in production methods during the Industrial Revolution?

Production methods during the Industrial Revolution shifted from artisanal workshops, which produced unique, handmade goods, to factories that utilized mass production and assembly lines. The focus was on producing large volumes of identical products, making production more efficient but less personalized.

How did the role of administrators evolve during the Industrial Revolution?

With the growth of factories and large-scale production, the role of administrators became essential to manage the increasing complexity of businesses. This led to the creation of schools of administration in the early 20th century, aimed at training specialists to handle the growing needs of businesses.

What were the two major schools of thought in management that emerged in the early 20th century?

The two major schools of thought were the Classical School, represented by Henri Fayol, and the Scientific School, led by Frederick Winslow Taylor. These schools aimed to increase productivity and efficiency in businesses through the development of specialized management techniques and scientific approaches.

What impact did the emergence of management schools have on business productivity?

The emergence of management schools helped formalize business administration as a science. The techniques and principles developed by figures like Fayol and Taylor enabled businesses to optimize their operations, increasing productivity on a large scale.

How did the Industrial Revolution contribute to the rise of modern businesses?

The Industrial Revolution contributed to the rise of modern businesses by transforming production methods and introducing the concept of mass production. As businesses grew larger, the need for specialized administration and organizational structures led to the establishment of companies with a focus on efficiency and profit maximization.