DI TII JAWA BARAT | MATERI SEJARAH INDONESIA KELAS 12 SMA

Dhida Ramdani

12 Jun 202209:48

Summary

TLDRThis Indonesian history lesson for 12th-grade students explores the DI/TII rebellion in West Java, led by Kartosuwiryo, who aimed to establish an Islamic State. The script discusses the rebellion's background, including dissatisfaction with leftist influences in the government and the impact of the Renville Agreement. The rebellion began with Kartosuwiryo's refusal to leave West Java and escalated with clashes against the Siliwangi Division. The script details the rebellion's progression, government efforts for peace, and military operations that ultimately ended the uprising with Kartosuwiryo's capture in 1962.

Takeaways

📜 The lesson covers the history of Indonesia, specifically focusing on the Darul Islam/Tentara Islam Indonesia (DI/TII) rebellion in West Java.
🇮🇩 After Indonesia's independence in 1945, the country faced multiple rebellions, including the DI/TII led by Kartosuwiryo in West Java.
💡 The rebellion was driven by Kartosuwiryo's aspiration to establish an Islamic state in Indonesia, inspired by the Prophet Muhammad's establishment of an Islamic community in Yathrib.
⚔️ Kartosuwiryo formed the Laskar Sabilillah, a militant group that later became the core of the Tentara Islam Indonesia (TII).
🛡️ The DI/TII rebellion was partly fueled by Kartosuwiryo's disappointment with the Indonesian government, which he perceived as being dominated by leftist ideologies and compromising with the Dutch.
📅 The rebellion began in January 1948, following the Renville Agreement, which saw the Indonesian government and military withdrawing from West Java.
🚨 The DI/TII forces, led by Kartosuwiryo, refused to leave West Java and engaged in guerrilla warfare against both the Dutch and Indonesian forces.
🔫 The conflict intensified when the Siliwangi Division returned to West Java, leading to clashes between the DI/TII forces and the Indonesian military.
🛑 The Indonesian government initially attempted peaceful negotiations, but these efforts failed, leading to a military crackdown on the DI/TII.
🏁 The rebellion ultimately ended in 1962 with the capture and execution of Kartosuwiryo, following a successful military operation known as Operation Baratayuda.

Q & A

What were the main challenges Indonesia faced after gaining independence in 1945?
-After gaining independence in 1945, Indonesia faced numerous challenges, including internal rebellions from both left-wing extremists like the PKI Madiun and right-wing extremists such as Darul Islam (DI) and Tentara Islam Indonesia (TII).
Who founded the Darul Islam (DI) movement in West Java, and what inspired him?
-The Darul Islam (DI) movement in West Java was founded by Kartosuwiryo. He was inspired by the Islamic governance model established by Prophet Muhammad during his migration to Yathrib (Medina), aiming to create an Islamic state in Indonesia.
What was the significance of the 1948 Renville Agreement in the context of the DI/TII rebellion?
-The Renville Agreement of 1948 led to the relocation of the Indonesian government and military from West Java to Central Java and Yogyakarta. This move was seen by Kartosuwiryo as a betrayal of the Islamic cause, prompting him to establish the Darul Islam and initiate the rebellion.
How did Kartosuwiryo's forces respond to the TNI's return to West Java?
-When the TNI (Siliwangi Division) returned to West Java following the Renville Agreement, Kartosuwiryo's forces attacked them, viewing the TNI as a threat to his goal of establishing an Islamic state and considering the Republic of Indonesia as defunct.
What were the key actions taken by Kartosuwiryo after declaring the establishment of the Islamic State of Indonesia?
-After declaring the establishment of the Islamic State of Indonesia in August 1949, Kartosuwiryo expanded his control throughout West Java, engaging in terror activities such as burning houses, killings, and looting, particularly targeting villages suspected of aiding the national army.
What were the two main approaches the Indonesian government used to deal with the DI/TII rebellion?
-The Indonesian government used two main approaches to deal with the DI/TII rebellion: peaceful negotiation and military action. The peaceful efforts, including offers for amnesty, failed, leading to military operations like 'Operation Pagar Betis' and 'Operation Baratayuda' to suppress the rebellion.
What was the outcome of Operation Baratayuda in 1962?
-Operation Baratayuda in 1962 successfully targeted the DI/TII command center, leading to the capture of Kartosuwiryo, the leader of the rebellion. He was later sentenced to death, effectively ending the DI/TII rebellion in West Java.
Why did Kartosuwiryo oppose the Indonesian government led by left-wing politicians?
-Kartosuwiryo opposed the Indonesian government led by left-wing politicians because he believed that their ideology was incompatible with his vision of an Islamic state. He was particularly disappointed with the government’s acceptance of the Renville Agreement, which he saw as a compromise with the colonial Dutch forces.
What were the key military strategies used by the TNI to weaken the DI/TII forces?
-The TNI used strategies like 'Operation Pagar Betis,' which involved surrounding and isolating DI/TII forces, cutting off their supplies, and restricting their movements. This was followed by a concentrated attack during 'Operation Baratayuda,' which targeted the command structure of the DI/TII.
What were the reasons behind the failure of the initial peaceful efforts to end the DI/TII rebellion?
-The initial peaceful efforts to end the DI/TII rebellion failed due to the deep ideological differences between the government and Kartosuwiryo’s forces. Additionally, Kartosuwiryo and his followers were determined to establish an Islamic state, rejecting all offers for reconciliation and integration into the national army or police force.

Outlines

00:00

📜 Introduction to the History of DI/TII West Java

The script begins with a warm welcome to the history class, setting the stage for a discussion on Indonesia's past, focusing on the post-independence period when the nation faced multiple rebellions. These included uprisings by both left-wing extremists like the PKI in Madiun and right-wing extremists such as Darul Islam (DI) or the Islamic Army of Indonesia (TII) in West Java. The lesson outlines a conceptual map to help students understand the material, starting with the background of DI/TII in West Java, the course of the rebellion, and its eventual resolution.

05:02

📖 Background of the DI/TII Movement in West Java

The DI/TII movement in West Java was driven by the aspiration to establish an Islamic State of Indonesia, inspired by the early Islamic community established by Prophet Muhammad. Kartosuwiryo, the movement's leader, sought to create a militant cadre through educational and training institutions. The political landscape changed when Japan, during its occupation of Indonesia, imposed a ban on political activities, prompting Kartosuwiryo to militarize his followers. His ambition to establish an Islamic state was further fueled by his disillusionment with the leftist-dominated Indonesian government, particularly after the signing of the Renville Agreement, which led to the relocation of government and military forces from West Java to Yogyakarta.

⚔️ The Course of the DI/TII Rebellion in West Java

The DI/TII rebellion in West Java escalated following the implementation of the Renville Agreement in early 1948, which forced government and military elements to relocate from West Java. Kartosuwiryo and his followers refused to leave, instead launching a physical resistance against the Dutch, who aimed to establish a Pasundan state. Kartosuwiryo dissolved Masyumi in West Java, declared himself the leader of the Islamic State of Indonesia, and established the Islamic Army of Indonesia (TII) with operations based in the mountainous regions of West Java. The situation intensified as Dutch military aggression loomed, prompting TNI forces to return to West Java, only to be met with attacks from DI/TII forces.

💥 Kartosuwiryo's Proclamation and DI/TII Expansion

Kartosuwiryo saw the return of the Siliwangi Division to West Java as a threat to his vision of an Islamic State and, in August 1949, officially proclaimed the establishment of the Islamic State of Indonesia. This proclamation marked a significant threat to Indonesia's independence, as DI/TII expanded its operations across West Java. The movement resorted to terror tactics, including arson, murder, and looting, often targeting villages suspected of supporting the national army.

⚖️ Efforts to End the DI/TII Rebellion

The Indonesian government initially attempted to resolve the DI/TII rebellion through peaceful means under the Natsir Cabinet, offering the rebels amnesty and integration into the military or police. However, these efforts failed, leading to the formation of committees and eventually the recommendation for military action. From 1950 onwards, military efforts intensified, but progress was slow due to multiple concurrent rebellions across Indonesia. The turning point came in 1960, with the military launching Operation Pagar Betis to isolate the DI/TII forces and cut off their supplies, culminating in Operation Baratayuda in 1962, which led to Kartosuwiryo's capture and the end of the rebellion.

📝 Conclusion and Summary of the DI/TII West Java Rebellion

The conclusion of the lesson summarizes the key points: the background of the DI/TII rebellion, driven by the goal of establishing an Islamic State and dissatisfaction with the Renville Agreement; the course of the rebellion, marked by resistance against the returning Siliwangi Division and the proclamation of an Islamic State; and the end of the rebellion, achieved through both diplomatic and military efforts, with the final defeat of Kartosuwiryo's forces in 1962.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡PKI Madiun

PKI Madiun refers to the Communist Party of Indonesia's (PKI) rebellion in Madiun in 1948, representing leftist extremism. In the video, it highlights the challenges faced by Indonesia shortly after independence, emphasizing the ideological conflicts that arose during the nation's formative years.

💡Darul Islam/Tentara Islam Indonesia (DI/TII)

Darul Islam/Tentara Islam Indonesia (DI/TII) was an Islamist insurgency led by Kartosuwiryo, aiming to establish an Islamic state in Indonesia. The video discusses its origins, progression, and eventual suppression, demonstrating the post-independence internal conflicts within Indonesia.

💡Kartosuwiryo

Kartosuwiryo was the leader of the Darul Islam movement, who sought to establish an Islamic state in Indonesia. The video portrays him as a central figure in the DI/TII rebellion, illustrating his motivations and the impact of his actions on Indonesia's early years of independence.

💡Perjanjian Renville

Perjanjian Renville refers to the Renville Agreement between Indonesia and the Netherlands in 1948, which led to significant territorial and political concessions. The video explains how this agreement contributed to Kartosuwiryo's disillusionment with the Indonesian government and fueled the DI/TII rebellion.

💡Divisi Siliwangi

Divisi Siliwangi was an Indonesian military division forced to relocate after the Renville Agreement. The video discusses its return to West Java, where it clashed with DI/TII forces, marking a critical phase in the suppression of the rebellion.

💡Negara Islam Indonesia

Negara Islam Indonesia was the Islamic state declared by Kartosuwiryo as part of the DI/TII movement. The video covers its proclamation in 1949 and the threat it posed to Indonesia's sovereignty, leading to a prolonged military conflict.

💡Operasi Pagar Betis

Operasi Pagar Betis was a military operation conducted to contain and suppress the DI/TII movement by restricting their movements and cutting off supplies. The video describes it as a significant strategy that eventually weakened the rebellion, leading to its downfall.

💡Operasi Baratayuda

Operasi Baratayuda was the final military operation against DI/TII, which successfully captured Kartosuwiryo and ended the rebellion. The video highlights this operation as the decisive blow that restored order in West Java and solidified the Indonesian government's control.

💡Kabinet Natsir

Kabinet Natsir was the Indonesian government cabinet under Prime Minister Mohammad Natsir, which attempted peaceful negotiations with the DI/TII. The video explains how these efforts failed, leading to a shift towards military solutions to end the insurgency.

💡Agresi Militer Belanda

Agresi Militer Belanda refers to the Dutch military aggressions in Indonesia, particularly the two major offensives during the Indonesian National Revolution. The video mentions the impact of these aggressions on the DI/TII movement, particularly how they influenced Kartosuwiryo's decision to fight both the Dutch and the Indonesian government.

Highlights

Introduction to the lesson: Overview of the Indonesian history class for grade 12.

Background on post-independence challenges faced by Indonesia, including left-wing and right-wing extremist uprisings.

Explanation of the left-wing extremist rebellion represented by PKI Madiun and the right-wing extremist rebellion led by Darul Islam (DI TII) in West Java.

Kartosuwiryo's role in founding DI TII in West Java, inspired by the idea of establishing an Islamic State of Indonesia.

Establishment of a militant training institute by Kartosuwiryo in 1940, affiliated with PSSI, which later became a military training center.

Kartosuwiryo's disappointment with the left-leaning government and the acceptance of the Renville Agreement, leading to the founding of DI TII.

Recount of the rejection by Kartosuwiryo and his 4,000-strong militia to move to Central Java, leading to continued resistance in West Java.

Kartosuwiryo's declaration of the Islamic State of Indonesia and formation of the Indonesian Islamic Army, marking the beginning of a significant rebellion.

Conflict between DI TII forces and Siliwangi Division upon their return to West Java, driven by Kartosuwiryo's belief that the Indonesian government had ended after the second Dutch military aggression.

Expansion of DI TII's influence across West Java, marked by acts of terror, including burning villages, murder, and robbery, as part of their resistance.

Government's dual approach to resolve the rebellion: peaceful persuasion by the Natsir Cabinet and military operations.

Failure of peaceful negotiations, leading to the military's focused operations against DI TII, culminating in Operation Pagar Betis and Operation Baratayuda.

Final defeat of DI TII with the capture and execution of Kartosuwiryo in 1962, marking the end of the rebellion.

Summary of key points: the ideological roots of DI TII, the progression of the rebellion, and the methods used to suppress it.

Closing remarks and farewell to students, concluding the history lesson.