DI TII JAWA BARAT | MATERI SEJARAH INDONESIA KELAS 12 SMA

Summary

This Indonesian history lesson for 12th-grade students explores the DI/TII rebellion in West Java, led by Kartosuwiryo, who aimed to establish an Islamic State. The script discusses the rebellion's background, including dissatisfaction with leftist influences in the government and the impact of the Renville Agreement. The rebellion began with Kartosuwiryo's refusal to leave West Java and escalated with clashes against the Siliwangi Division. The script details the rebellion's progression, government efforts for peace, and military operations that ultimately ended the uprising with Kartosuwiryo's capture in 1962.

Takeaways

• 📜 The lesson covers the history of Indonesia, specifically focusing on the Darul Islam/Tentara Islam Indonesia (DI/TII) rebellion in West Java.
• 🇮🇩 After Indonesia's independence in 1945, the country faced multiple rebellions, including the DI/TII led by Kartosuwiryo in West Java.
• 💡 The rebellion was driven by Kartosuwiryo's aspiration to establish an Islamic state in Indonesia, inspired by the Prophet Muhammad's establishment of an Islamic community in Yathrib.
• ⚔️ Kartosuwiryo formed the Laskar Sabilillah, a militant group that later became the core of the Tentara Islam Indonesia (TII).
• 🛡️ The DI/TII rebellion was partly fueled by Kartosuwiryo's disappointment with the Indonesian government, which he perceived as being dominated by leftist ideologies and compromising with the Dutch.
• 📅 The rebellion began in January 1948, following the Renville Agreement, which saw the Indonesian government and military withdrawing from West Java.
• 🚨 The DI/TII forces, led by Kartosuwiryo, refused to leave West Java and engaged in guerrilla warfare against both the Dutch and Indonesian forces.
• 🔫 The conflict intensified when the Siliwangi Division returned to West Java, leading to clashes between the DI/TII forces and the Indonesian military.
• 🛑 The Indonesian government initially attempted peaceful negotiations, but these efforts failed, leading to a military crackdown on the DI/TII.
• 🏁 The rebellion ultimately ended in 1962 with the capture and execution of Kartosuwiryo, following a successful military operation known as Operation Baratayuda.

Q & A

What were the main challenges Indonesia faced after gaining independence in 1945?

After gaining independence in 1945, Indonesia faced numerous challenges, including internal rebellions from both left-wing extremists like the PKI Madiun and right-wing extremists such as Darul Islam (DI) and Tentara Islam Indonesia (TII).

Who founded the Darul Islam (DI) movement in West Java, and what inspired him?

The Darul Islam (DI) movement in West Java was founded by Kartosuwiryo. He was inspired by the Islamic governance model established by Prophet Muhammad during his migration to Yathrib (Medina), aiming to create an Islamic state in Indonesia.

What was the significance of the 1948 Renville Agreement in the context of the DI/TII rebellion?

The Renville Agreement of 1948 led to the relocation of the Indonesian government and military from West Java to Central Java and Yogyakarta. This move was seen by Kartosuwiryo as a betrayal of the Islamic cause, prompting him to establish the Darul Islam and initiate the rebellion.

How did Kartosuwiryo's forces respond to the TNI's return to West Java?

When the TNI (Siliwangi Division) returned to West Java following the Renville Agreement, Kartosuwiryo's forces attacked them, viewing the TNI as a threat to his goal of establishing an Islamic state and considering the Republic of Indonesia as defunct.

What were the key actions taken by Kartosuwiryo after declaring the establishment of the Islamic State of Indonesia?

After declaring the establishment of the Islamic State of Indonesia in August 1949, Kartosuwiryo expanded his control throughout West Java, engaging in terror activities such as burning houses, killings, and looting, particularly targeting villages suspected of aiding the national army.

What were the two main approaches the Indonesian government used to deal with the DI/TII rebellion?

The Indonesian government used two main approaches to deal with the DI/TII rebellion: peaceful negotiation and military action. The peaceful efforts, including offers for amnesty, failed, leading to military operations like 'Operation Pagar Betis' and 'Operation Baratayuda' to suppress the rebellion.

What was the outcome of Operation Baratayuda in 1962?

Operation Baratayuda in 1962 successfully targeted the DI/TII command center, leading to the capture of Kartosuwiryo, the leader of the rebellion. He was later sentenced to death, effectively ending the DI/TII rebellion in West Java.

Why did Kartosuwiryo oppose the Indonesian government led by left-wing politicians?

Kartosuwiryo opposed the Indonesian government led by left-wing politicians because he believed that their ideology was incompatible with his vision of an Islamic state. He was particularly disappointed with the government’s acceptance of the Renville Agreement, which he saw as a compromise with the colonial Dutch forces.

What were the key military strategies used by the TNI to weaken the DI/TII forces?

The TNI used strategies like 'Operation Pagar Betis,' which involved surrounding and isolating DI/TII forces, cutting off their supplies, and restricting their movements. This was followed by a concentrated attack during 'Operation Baratayuda,' which targeted the command structure of the DI/TII.

What were the reasons behind the failure of the initial peaceful efforts to end the DI/TII rebellion?

The initial peaceful efforts to end the DI/TII rebellion failed due to the deep ideological differences between the government and Kartosuwiryo’s forces. Additionally, Kartosuwiryo and his followers were determined to establish an Islamic state, rejecting all offers for reconciliation and integration into the national army or police force.