Introduction To SCADA System
Summary
TLDR本视频深入浅出地介绍了SCADA系统,即监控控制与数据采集系统,它广泛应用于石油、天然气、电力等行业的工业过程监控。视频通过动画形式,讲解了SCADA系统的两种架构:工厂中心型和远程型,包括PLC、HMI、OPC服务器等组件的作用,以及如何通过各种通信协议实现数据交换和远程监控。SCADA系统的优势在于实时监控、远程访问、数据记录、预测性维护和安全性,有助于提高工业自动化的效率和安全性。
Takeaways
- 😀 视频介绍了SCADA(监控控制与数据采集系统)的基本概念,它是一种用于监控和控制工业过程的系统。
- 🏭 描述了SCADA系统的两种架构类型:工厂中心型和远程型。
- 🔍 工厂中心型SCADA通过现场仪器(如控制阀、变送器等)收集数据,并通过PLC(可编程逻辑控制器)进行分析和控制。
- 🚗 通过自动驾驶汽车的类比解释了PLC在SCADA系统中的作用。
- 🖥️ 介绍了HMI(人机界面)的功能,它是人与机器之间的交互界面,可以实时显示和控制工业过程。
- 🛠️ 工程工作站用于设计、配置和维护SCADA系统,是工程师和系统集成商使用的工具。
- 🔗 OPC服务器作为不同工业自动化设备和SCADA软件之间的中介,实现数据交换和通信。
- 📊 历史数据库(Historian)存储工业过程的历史数据,用于分析和优化过程。
- 🔧 操作员站提供图形界面,使操作员和工程师能够与SCADA系统交互,监控实时数据和报警。
- 📡 远程SCADA系统通过RTU(远程终端单元)收集和传输数据,适用于遥远或难以直接监控的地点。
- 🛰️ 远程SCADA系统中,数据通过各种通信方式(如卫星、无线电波或蜂窝网络)发送到中央控制系统。
- 🛡️ SCADA系统使用多种通信协议(如Modbus、DNP3、IEC 60870等)来确保数据的可靠、安全和高效传输。
- 💡 SCADA系统带来的好处包括实时监控、远程访问、数据记录、预测性维护、安全性和可扩展性。
- 🌐 SCADA系统支持跨行业的多种应用,如石油和天然气、公共事业和环境监测等。
Q & A
什么是SCADA系统?
-SCADA是监控控制和数据采集系统的缩写,它是一种帮助监控和控制不同过程(如石油、天然气、电力等)的系统。
SCADA系统中的工厂中心架构是如何工作的?
-在工厂中心SCADA架构中,使用诸如控制阀门、变送器、变频器和马达等仪器收集数据,这些数据对于决策至关重要。数据被发送到PLC,PLC分析数据并决定采取什么行动,以满足所需的过程条件。
SCADA系统中的远程架构有什么特点?
-远程SCADA架构将焦点从集中的工厂设置转移到遥远的地方,如油井、管道或气象站。这些地方通常缺乏直接的人力监督,需要强大的监控和控制系统。
在SCADA系统中,PLC扮演什么角色?
-PLC在SCADA系统中充当中央处理单元,它接收现场仪器的数据,根据预定义的逻辑和算法处理这些数据,并向执行器和最终控制元件发送控制命令。
HMI在SCADA系统中有什么作用?
-HMI,即人机界面,作为人类与机器之间的接口。通过HMI,可以实时可视化各种过程的状态和值。
工程工作站的作用是什么?
-工程工作站是工程师和系统集成商用来设计、配置和维护SCADA系统的计算机系统。它提供了开发SCADA应用程序、设计图形用户界面和配置与现场设备和PLC通信协议的软件工具。
OPC服务器在SCADA系统中扮演什么角色?
-OPC服务器作为不同工业自动化设备和SCADA软件之间的中介,它们实现了SCADA系统与各种设备之间无缝的通信和数据交换。
历史数据库在SCADA系统中有什么重要性?
-历史数据库系统存储从工业过程中收集的历史数据,保留处理变量、警报、事件和趋势的记录,使操作员和工程师能够分析过去的性能,识别趋势,并做出明智的决策。
操作员站提供哪些功能?
-操作员站为操作员和工程师提供了一个图形界面,以与SCADA系统交互。它显示实时过程数据、趋势、警报和控制选项,使操作员能够监控设备状态、确认警报并调整过程参数。
SCADA系统中的打印机有什么用途?
-打印机在SCADA系统中用于生成图形趋势或其他形式的打印输出,如果需要打印图形趋势或任何其他形式的输出,可以使用打印机设备。
SCADA系统如何支持远程监控和控制?
-在远程SCADA实施中,现场仪器收集数据,然后通过RTU(远程终端单元)将数据传输到中央控制系统。RTU可以使用卫星、无线电波或蜂窝网络等通信方法将数据发送到中央SCADA系统。
SCADA系统中常用的通信协议有哪些?
-SCADA系统中常用的通信协议包括Modbus、DNP3、IEC 60870、OPC、Profibus、Ethernet/IP、BACnet和Profinet等,这些协议在确保数据可靠、安全和高效地在SCADA系统中传输方面起着关键作用。
SCADA系统的主要优势是什么?
-SCADA系统的主要优势包括实时监控、远程访问、数据记录、警报和通知、操作优化、预测性和预防性维护策略、安全性、可扩展性和适应性以及符合监管要求。
SCADA技术的投资回报是怎样的?
-SCADA技术的投资回报通常通过提高效率、减少停机时间、优化资源分配和更好的决策来实现,长期收益往往超过初期投资。
Outlines
😀 监控与数据采集系统简介
本段介绍了监控与数据采集系统(Scot)的基本概念,它是一种用于监控和控制如石油、天然气、电力等多种工业过程的系统。通过工厂中心和远程两种架构模式,Scot系统利用仪器收集关键数据,并通过PLC(可编程逻辑控制器)进行分析和决策,以满足工业过程的需求。此外,还介绍了HMI(人机界面)和OPC服务器的作用,以及历史数据库如何存储和分析历史数据。
🏭 工厂中心Scot架构与远程Scot实施
本段详细描述了工厂中心Scot架构的组成,包括仪器、PLC、HMI、工程工作站等,并解释了它们如何协同工作以实现工业过程的监控和控制。同时,也探讨了远程Scot实施的情况,包括在遥远地点如油井、管道或气象站的监控需求,以及RTU(远程终端单元)如何收集并传输数据到中央控制系统。此外,还提到了远程Scot系统的一些特点,如预测性维护和对恶劣环境的适应性。
📡 Scot系统中的通信协议
本段讨论了Scot系统中使用的各种通信协议,包括Modbus、DNP3、IEC 60870、OPC以及工业以太网协议如Profibus、Ethernet/IP和Profinet等。这些协议确保了现场设备与监控系统之间的可靠、安全和高效通信,是实现工业自动化的关键技术。
🛠️ Scot系统的优势与应用
最后一段总结了Scot系统在现代工业自动化中的关键作用和优势,包括实时监控、远程访问、数据记录、预测性维护、安全性、可扩展性以及符合法规要求等。Scot系统通过提高效率、减少停机时间、优化资源配置和更好的决策制定,有助于降低成本并实现可持续增长。
Mindmap
Keywords
💡监控和数据采集系统(Scot)
💡工厂中心架构
💡远程架构
💡PLC(可编程逻辑控制器)
💡HMI(人机界面)
💡OPC服务器
💡历史数据库
💡RTU(远程终端单元)
💡Modbus
💡DNP3
💡IEC 60870
Highlights
SCADA系统是用于监控和控制工业过程的系统,如石油、天然气和电力等。
SCADA系统的两种架构类型:工厂中心型和远程型。
工厂中心型SCADA系统中,PLC作为操作的大脑,分析数据并决定采取的行动。
SCADA系统中的HMI允许实时可视化各种过程的状态和值。
工程工作站用于设计、配置和维护SCADA系统。
OPC服务器作为工业自动化设备和SCADA软件之间的中介,实现数据交换。
历史数据库系统存储工业过程收集的历史数据,用于分析和优化过程。
操作员站提供图形界面,用于与SCADA系统交互,显示实时过程数据和警报。
远程SCADA实施将监控和控制扩展到遥远地点,如油井、管道或气象站。
RTU(远程终端单元)在远程SCADA系统中收集数据并将其传输到中央控制系统。
智能RTU不仅能收集数据,还能基于数据做出决策。
非智能RTU仅收集数据并将其传递给中央控制系统。
SCADA系统使用多种通信协议,如Modbus、DNP3和IEC 60870,以实现设备间的可靠通信。
OPC UA是一种工业自动化中的互操作性标准,支持不同设备和软件应用之间的通信。
SCADA系统提供实时监控、远程访问、数据记录和警报通知等功能。
SCADA系统支持预测性和预防性维护策略,通过实时监测设备状态来减少停机时间。
SCADA系统的设计考虑了恶劣环境条件,如极端温度和高湿度。
SCADA系统通过实施访问控制、加密和入侵检测机制来保护关键基础设施和数据。
SCADA解决方案具有可扩展性和适应性,能够适应不断变化的操作需求和技术进步。
SCADA系统有助于组织满足行业标准和法规要求,确保操作完整性并减少法律风险。
SCADA系统通过提高效率、减少停机时间、优化资源分配和更好的决策制定来实现成本节约。
Transcripts
welcome to another video on it and
automation
Academy today we're going to explain
Scot in a super easy to understand way
with the help of
Animation if you're new to Automation
and want to understand what Scotta is
this video is for you so what is Scot
Scot stands for supervisory control and
data acquisition
system it's a system that helps monitor
and control different processes like oil
and gas power and more before we dive in
let's understand two types of
architectures factory centered and
remote let's start with Factory centered
Scot in any process you need instruments
like control walls transmitters vfds and
Motors these instruments collect data
which is crucial for making
decisions now imagine these instruments
as sensors in our body
they collect data about temperature
pressure and flow just like how our body
senses heat or pain now this data goes
to plc's which are like the brains of
the
operation plc's analyze the data and
decide what actions to
take for example if there's some changes
required in process plc's send commands
to final control elements like Motors or
valves to meet desired process
requirements
so the PLC serves as the central
processing unit of the Scot
system it receives data from field
instruments processes this data
according to predefined logic and
algorithms and sends control commands to
actuators and final control
elements plc's are highly versatile and
can be programmed to adapt to different
industrial
processes let's understand in super
simple analogy let's imagine imagine
you're driving a car in this scenario
imagine if your car could drive itself
the autopilot constantly checks the
information from the dashboard and makes
decisions based on that
data for example if it detects that
you're going too fast it automatically
adjusts the
speed when the autopilot decides that
something needs to change it sends
commands to the steering wheel and
brakes final control elements to adjust
the car's Direction and
speed similarly in a process if the PLC
decides that something needs to be
adjusted it sends commands to Motors or
valves to make those
changes so just like how an autopilot
guides a car safely to its destination
plcs ensure that processes run smoothly
and efficiently by monitoring and
controlling various parameters based on
the information provided by
instruments in PLC you can't directly
observe the ongoing processes or the
temperature within them unless you
establish a connection using your laptop
or access it
online alternatively you can link it
with an HMI which stands for human
machine
interface as its name suggests an HMI
serves as the interface between humans
and
machines through the HMI you can
visualize the status and values of
various processes in real time next is
engineering workstation this is a
computer system used by engineers and
system integr ERS to design configure
and maintain the Scotta system it hosts
software tools for developing Scot
applications designing graphical user
interfaces guis and configuring
communication protocols with field
devices and
plc's now what is OPC server OPC o for
process control servers act as
intermediaries between different
Industrial Automation devices and Scot
software they enable seamless
communication and data exchange between
Scotta systems and various devices
regardless of the manufacturer or
communication protocol used let's talk
about historian the historian is a
database system that stores historical
data collected from the industrial
process it retains a record of processed
variables alarms events and Trends over
time allowing operators and Engineers to
analyze past performance identify Trends
and make informed decisions for process
optimization and
troubleshooting now what is operator
station the operator stations provides a
graphical interface for operators and
Engineers to interact with the Scotta
system it displays real-time process
data Trends alarms and control options
in an intuitive format operators can
monitor the status of equipment
acknowledge alarms and make adjustments
to the process parameters using the
HMI what function does the printer serve
well it simply prints if you wish to
generate graphical Trends or any other
form of printouts you can utilize this
printer device to produce the desired
outputs networking infrastructure the
networking infrastructure comprises
switches routers and communication
protocols that facilitate data
transmission between field devices plc's
hmis OPC servers and the historian it
ensures reliable and secure
communication within the Scot system
often utilizing ethernet-based protocols
such as tcpip or industrial protocols
like modbus and profibus by integrating
these components a factory centered Scot
architecture provides comprehensive
monitoring control and data acquisition
capabilities enabling efficient and
reliable operation of industrial
processes but what about Scot well scata
is system consist of software and
Hardware role is overseeing everything
it Gathers THS data from plc's and
displays it in an easy to understand way
on screens called hmis human machine
interfaces with Scot operators can
monitor processes analyze Trends and
even receive alarms for abnormal
conditions now let's talk about how Scot
is implemented in remote setup in remote
Scot implementation the focus shifts
from centralized Factory setups to
distant locations like oil wells
pipelines or even weather stations
these sites often lack direct human
supervision and require robust
monitoring and control systems imagine a
scenario where you have oil wells spread
across vast remote areas each well needs
to be monitored for various parameters
like temperature pressure and flow rates
this is where remote scata systems come
into play at these remote sites field
instruments are deployed to collect data
just like in a factory
setting however in instead of sending
data directly to a central control room
it's transmitted to rtus remote terminal
units located on site rtus remote
terminal units are like
Messengers there are two types
intelligent and non-intelligent
rtus intelligent rtus these are smart
Messengers they not only collect data
but also analyze it and make decisions
based on that data they're like
Messengers who not only deliver letters
but also read them and take actions
based on what they say non-intelligent
rtus these are basic
Messengers they collect data from
sensors and devices and simply pass it
along without doing any
analysis they're like Messengers who
collect letters and deliver them without
reading or understanding their
contents both types of rtus play a
crucial role in ensuring that data from
remote locations reaches the central
control system efficiently they use
various communication methods such as
satellite radio waves or cellular
networks to send the collected data to
the central Scot system here a radio rtu
is stationed to facilitate the
transmission of collected data through
radio wave communication or a radio
tower data is
transmitted a yagi antenna is installed
for this purpose serving as a medium for
radio wave
communication this communication link
enables data to travel from the rtu to
the master control room which may be
situated several kilomet away or even
farther the data is received by an omni
antenna at the master control room where
a radio tower is also present for
telecommunication
purposes this Tower accommodates an
antenna specifically a yagi antenna
installed on the site the master control
room utilizes an omni antenna for data
reception from there data is transmitted
to the control room's internal systems
this communication pathway allows for
the conversion of radio signals to
internet connectivity subsequently
operators stationed at the control room
along with engineering equipment and
systems such as OPC servers and printers
can access the received data for
monitoring and
Analysis in the central control room
Scotta software collects and displays
data from multiple remote sites in real
time operators can remotely monitor the
status of each site analyze Trends and
receive a arms for any abnormal
conditions Scot systems for remote sites
often include features like predictive
maintenance where algorithms analyze
data to predict equipment failures
before they occur this helps in
scheduling maintenance activities
reducing downtime and optimizing
operations moreover remote Scotta
systems are designed to be rugged and
resilient capable of operating in harsh
environmental conditions such as extreme
temperatures high humidity or remote
locations with limited access to power
and communication
infrastructure scata supervisory control
and data acquisition systems rely on
various communication protocols to
facilitate data exchange between field
devices such as sensors and actuators
and the supervisory control system here
are some commonly used Scot protocols
let's start with modbus modbus is a
widely used serial communication
protocol employed for connecting
Industrial electri electronic devices it
is simple robust and supports both
serial rs232
rs485 and ethernet
communication next is dnp3 distributed
Network protocol version 3 dnp3 is a
robust and secure protocol commonly used
in the utility industry for Scotta
Communications it supports serial and
ethernet communication and includes
features for data Integrity time
synchronization and event reporting
next is IEC
60870 this protocol Suite is widely used
in the energy sector for Scot systems
particularly in Europe it includes
several parts such as IEC
60870-5-104
705-1042
cpip based
communication now let's discuss OPC o
for process control OPC is a standard
for interoperability and Industrial
Automation it enables communication
between different devices and software
applications within a scata system OPC
classic opca opch HDA and OPC unified
architecture opcua are two common
variants at field level you have
profibus profibus is a field bus
communication protocol used for
connecting field devices in Industrial
Automation
systems it supports both process
automation profibus DP and Factory
automation profibus PA
applications next is ethernet/ip
ethernet/ip is an industrial ethernet
protocol widely used for realtime
control and information Exchange in
Scotta systems it is based on standard
ethernet technology and is often used in
conjunction with the common industrial
protocol
CIP next is BAC net BAC net is a
protocol primarily used in building
Automation and HVAC heating ventilation
and air conditioning systems it
facilitates communication between
building automation devices such as
sensors actuators and
controllers next is profinet profinet is
an industrial ethernet protocol used for
real-time communication and data
Exchange in scata and automation systems
it provides high-speed data transmission
and support a wide range of
devices these protocols play a crucial
role in enabling reliable secure and
efficient communication within Scot
systems allowing operators to Monitor
and control industrial processes
effectively the choice of protocol
depends on factors such as system
requirements Network infrastructure and
compatibility with existing
devices scata supervisory control and
data acquisition offers a plethora of
benefits across various IND
Industries here are some key advantages
First Advantage is real-time monitoring
Scot systems provide real-time data on
process parameters allowing operators to
monitor operations
continuously this enables quick
identification of issues and facilitates
timely decision making with scata users
can access and control processes
remotely which is especially beneficial
for managing operations across
geographically dispersed
locations remote access access enhances
operational efficiency and reduces the
need for on-site
Personnel Scot systems collect and store
large volumes of historical data which
can be invaluable for Trend analysis
performance evaluation and Regulatory
Compliance this data logging capability
AIDS in identifying patterns optimizing
processes and
troubleshooting Scotta systems can
generate alarms and notifications in
response to predefined events or
abnormal conditions
this proactive approach helps operators
respond swiftly to critical situations
minimizing downtime and preventing
potential hazards by providing insights
into process performance and Equipment
status scata facilitates operational
optimization operators can streamline
workflows minimize waste and maximize
resource utilization leading to improved
efficiency and
productivity scata Systems Support
predictive and preventive maintenance
strategies by monitoring equipment
health and performance indicators in
real time early detection of issues
allows for timely maintenance
interventions reducing unplanned
downtime and extending asset
lifespan Scot systems incorporate
security features to safeguard critical
infrastructure and data from cyber
threats and unauthorized access by
implementing access controls encryption
and intrusion detection mechanisms Scot
helps ensure operational safety and data
Integrity scata Solutions are scalable
and adaptable to evolving operational
needs and technological
advancements whether expanding
operations integrating new equipment or
incorporating Advanced analytics Scot
systems can accommodate changes with
minimal
disruption Scotta systems assist
organizations in meeting regulatory
requirements by providing accurate data
logging reporting and audit Trails
compliance with industry standards and
regul ations is essential for ensuring
operational integrity and minimizing
legal
risks ultimately Scotta systems
contribute to cost savings through
improved efficiency reduced downtime
optimized resource allocation and better
decision making The Upfront investment
in Scot technology is often outweighed
by the long-term benefits and Returns on
investment overall scata plays a crucial
role in modern Industrial Automation
empowering organizations to optimize
operations enhance safety and Achieve
sustainable growth in summary remote
Scot implementation extends the benefits
of real-time monitoring and control to
distant locations enhancing operational
efficiency ensuring safety and reducing
costs in Industries like Oil and Gas
Utilities and environmental
monitoring that's all for today if you
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