Solar Vapor Absorption Refrigeration System (Ammonia-Water Solar Cooling System) Explained.
Summary
TLDRThis tutorial video delves into the workings of a solar-powered vapor absorption refrigeration system, utilizing an ammonia-water cycle. It highlights the key components, such as the absorber, pump, generator, analyzer, rectifier, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator, and explains how solar energy drives the process of cooling by transferring heat and transforming ammonia and water into vapor and back, achieving continuous refrigeration.
Takeaways
- βοΈ Refrigeration is the process of lowering the temperature by removing unwanted heat from a selected object, substance, or space and transferring it to another object, substance, or space.
- π§ The vapour absorption refrigeration system discussed uses the ammonia-water system and solar energy for the refrigeration process.
- βοΈ This system can be termed as an ammonia-water cooling system or a solar cooling system.
- π The major parts and components of the system include the absorber, pump, generator, analyzer, rectifier, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator.
- π οΈ The absorber contains a solution of ammonia and water. The pump transfers this solution from the absorber to the generator.
- π₯ In the generator, heat from solar energy turns the ammonia-water solution into vapour. The analyzer separates the water vapour from the ammonia vapour.
- βοΈ The rectifier further separates any remaining water vapour from the ammonia vapour, converting the water vapour into liquid form.
- βοΈ The pure ammonia, now in a partial liquid form, enters the condenser, where it is cooled and completely converted into liquid ammonia.
- π§ The liquid ammonia then passes through an expansion valve, reducing its pressure and temperature, resulting in very cold, low-pressure liquid ammonia.
- π This cold liquid ammonia enters the evaporator, absorbs heat from its surroundings, and provides the cooling effect, turning into low-pressure ammonia vapour.
- π The low-pressure ammonia vapour returns to the absorber, where it mixes with water, and the cycle repeats, providing continuous refrigeration.
Q & A
What is the primary purpose of a refrigeration system?
-The primary purpose of a refrigeration system is to lower the temperature by removing unwanted heat from a selected object, substance, or unenclosed space and transferring this heat to another object, substance, or space.
What type of refrigeration system is discussed in the video?
-The video discusses a vapor absorption refrigeration system, specifically using the ammonia-water system and solar energy, which can also be termed as a solar cooling system.
What are the main components of a vapor absorption refrigeration system?
-The main components of a vapor absorption refrigeration system include an absorber, a pump, a generator, an analyzer, a rectifier, a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator.
What is the role of the pump in the system?
-The pump's role is to transfer the ammonia and water solution from the absorber to the generator, which is powered by solar energy.
How does the generator contribute to the refrigeration process?
-The generator contributes by producing heat using solar energy, which causes the ammonia and water solution to turn into vapor.
What is the function of the analyzer in the vapor absorption refrigeration system?
-The analyzer sends the water vapor back to the generator and only lets the ammonia vapor pass through, ensuring the separation of ammonia and water vapor.
Why is a rectifier necessary in the system?
-A rectifier, also known as a separator, is necessary to separate the remaining limited amount of water vapor from the ammonia vapor through heat exchange, converting the water vapor into liquid form and separating it from the ammonia vapor.
What happens to the ammonia vapor after it leaves the rectifier?
-After leaving the rectifier, the ammonia vapor, which is in a partial liquid state due to heat exchange, enters the condenser where it is cooled and converted into liquid form.
What is the purpose of the expansion valve in the refrigeration cycle?
-The expansion valve is used to reduce the pressure of the high-pressure liquid ammonia, causing it to expand and cool down, resulting in a low-pressure, low-temperature liquid ammonia.
How does the evaporator contribute to the cooling effect?
-The evaporator contributes to the cooling effect by absorbing heat from its surrounding surface, causing the low-pressure, chilled liquid ammonia to evaporate and turn into low-pressure ammonia vapor, thus cooling the surrounding space.
How does the refrigeration cycle continue after the evaporator stage?
-After the evaporator stage, the low-pressure ammonia vapor returns to the absorber, where it forms a solution with water. The pump then sends this solution back to the generator, and the cycle repeats, maintaining continuous refrigeration.
Outlines
π Introduction to Solar-Powered Vapour Absorption Refrigeration Systems
This paragraph introduces the concept of vapour absorption refrigeration systems, specifically those utilizing the ammonia-water system and solar energy. The process involves lowering temperature by removing unwanted heat and transferring it elsewhere. The system's major components, such as the absorber, pump, generator, analyzer, rectifier, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator, are outlined. The function of each part and the basic working procedure of the system are explained, highlighting the role of solar energy in driving the refrigeration cycle.
π The Continuous Cycle of Solar Vapour Absorption Refrigeration
The second paragraph delves into the cyclical process of the solar vapour absorption refrigeration system. It describes how low-pressure ammonia vapor forms a solution with water in the absorber, which is then pumped back to the generator to be reconverted into ammonia vapor and water vapor using solar energy. The water vapor is returned to the absorber, while the ammonia vapor passes through the analyzer and rectifier, ensuring a continuous refrigeration effect. The paragraph concludes by emphasizing the system's ability to provide continuous cooling, thanks to the integration of solar energy.
Mindmap
Keywords
π‘Refrigeration
π‘Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System
π‘Ammonia-Water System
π‘Solar Energy
π‘Absorber
π‘Generator
π‘Analyzer
π‘Rectifier
π‘Condenser
π‘Expansion Valve
π‘Evaporator
Highlights
The video introduces the concept of a vapour absorption refrigeration system.
It explains that refrigeration is the process of lowering temperature by removing unwanted heat.
The system uses an ammonia-water solution for the refrigeration process.
Solar energy is required for the operation of the vapour absorption refrigeration system.
The system can be referred to as an ammonia water cooling system or a solar cooling system.
Major parts of the system include an absorber, a pump, a generator, and an analyzer.
The pump transfers the ammonia and water solution from the absorber to the generator.
Solar energy heats the solution in the generator, turning it into ammonia and water vapor.
The analyzer in the generator separates water vapor from ammonia vapor.
A rectifier is used to further separate water vapor from ammonia vapor through heat exchange.
The condenser absorbs heat from the partial liquid ammonia vapor, converting it into liquid form.
An expansion valve is used to decrease the pressure and temperature of liquid ammonia.
The evaporator is where the main cooling effect occurs as liquid ammonia absorbs heat and vaporizes.
The low-pressure ammonia vapor returns to the absorber to form a solution with water.
The cycle repeats continuously, providing a continuous cooling effect in the evaporator.
The video concludes by explaining how the solar vapour absorption refrigeration system works using solar energy for cooling.
Transcripts
welcome to academic gain tutorials in
this video we will learn about vapour
absorption refrigeration system along
with its different parts and functions
so let's get into the topic we know that
refrigeration is the process of lowering
the temperature by removing unwanted
heat from a selected object substance or
unenclosed space and transferring this
heat to another object substance or
space the vapour absorption
refrigeration system we are discussing
tadesse uses the ammonia water system
for the refrigeration process and it
also needs solar energy in the
refrigeration process so this vapour
absorption refrigeration system can be
also termed as an ammonia water cooling
system we can even call it a solar
cooling system now let's look into the
major parts and components and basic
working procedure of vapour absorption
refrigeration system with the help of
solar energy first of all here we have
an absorber inside this absorber we have
a solution of ammonia and water and
beside this absorber there is a pump now
when solar energy is supplied to the
system and the generator then this pump
starts working then using this pump we
will pump the solution of ammonia and
water from this absorber to this
generator so the function of this pump
is to transfer the solution from the
absorber to the generator which is
running on solar power
now when the solution of ammonia and
water reaches the generator here heat is
produced inside the generator using the
solar energy supplied to it and when
heat is applied to this solution both
ammonia and water from this ammonia
water solution turns into vapour inside
this generator we also have an analyzer
inside this generator when this vapour
of ammonia and water is passed through
this analyzer the analyzer sends the
water vapor back to this generator and
it only lets the ammonia vapour to pass
through then from this generator the
residue of water vapor accumulated here
will be passed back to the absorber
again through this connecting pipe now
even after passing through the analyzer
they were
be some proportion of water vapor mixed
with this ammonia vapor so here we have
a rectifier this rectifier can also be
called a separator because it separates
the rest of the limited amount of water
vapor present inside this ammonia vapor
through the exchange of heat so through
the exchange of heat this rectifier will
convert the water vapor into liquid form
and separate it from ammonia vapor then
this separated liquid water is passed
back to the generator from there it will
ultimately reach the absorber now after
separating the water vapor here we have
obtained pure ammonia vapor but actually
this is not to 100 percent vapor state
of ammonia because when heat exchange
occurred inside the rectifier the
ammonia vapor has also converted into
partial liquid ammonia so this pure
ammonia in the partial liquid form will
leave the rectifier and enter the
condenser through this connecting pipe
here we have a condenser when high
temperature high pressure partial liquid
ammonia vapour enters this cold
condenser then the condenser absorbs the
heat from the partial liquid ammonia
vapor and completely converts it into
liquid this condenser can be water
cooled or cooled by any other substance
from an external source which will
liberate the latent heat of this vapor
coming into the condenser and thus
condensing keeps happening now here we
have an expansion valve after
condensation liquid ammonia will leave
the condenser and pass through this
expansion valve now this high-pressure
liquid ammonia coming from the condenser
will be expanded inside this expansion
valve we know that when expansion occurs
the pressure between the molecules
decreases considerably
thus the temperature falls so this high
pressure liquid ammonia will be expanded
into low pressure low temperature liquid
ammonia thus here we get very cold
chilled low temperature liquid ammonia
coming out of the expansion valve then
this liquid ammonia will be passed over
to the evaporator we all know that the
main cooling effect or refrigeration
effect always occurs in the evaporator
so when this low pressure very cold
chilled low temperature liquid
ammonia will enter the evaporator coils
it will absorb all the heat present in
the surface of the evaporator coils by
absorbing all the heat from the
surrounding surface of the evaporator
coils this cold chilled liquid ammonia
will turn into low-pressure ramonja
vapor inside these coils and the
surrounding surface of the evaporator
will become cold by losing the heat to
this liquid thus the cooling effect or
refrigeration effect has occurred in the
evaporator after that this low-pressure
ammonia vapor will leave the evaporator
and enter the absorber again through
this connecting pipe then again this
low-pressure ammonia vapor will form a
solution with the water present in the
absorber the pump will again send this
solution to the generator where the heat
generated by solar energy will again
form ammonia vapor and water vapor then
again water vapor is sent back to the
absorber ammonia vapor passes through
the analyzer to the rectifier and the
whole cycle keeps happening over and
over again and thus refrigeration occurs
continuously in the evaporator and the
surrounding space keeps cooling
continuously so this is how a solar
vapour absorption refrigeration system
works where solar energy is used to
obtain the cooling effect thank you for
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