Research Methodology - Attitude Change
Summary
TLDRThis video discusses the importance of attitude transformations for effective academic research methodology. It emphasizes the shift from reading to learn to critically evaluating sources, the need to communicate and argue through research, gaining a broad understanding of one's topic, narrowing down research topics for focus, developing a clear thesis, and the significance of outlining to structure academic writing.
Takeaways
- π The primary goal of academic research is not just to learn from a book, but to critically evaluate the material and determine the best sources for learning.
- π A key attitude transformation for research methodology is the shift from reading to learn to reading to compare and evaluate different sources for better understanding.
- π€ Critical thinking is essential in academic research, which involves questioning the validity and reliability of the information read, rather than passively accepting it.
- π£οΈ Research is a tool for communication and argumentation, not just an end in itself; findings should be used to make a point or support an argument.
- π§ Developing a broad working knowledge of one's topic is crucial, including understanding the history, methodologies, and key scholars in the discipline.
- π Recognizing the importance of narrowing down research topics to make them more focused and manageable for in-depth study and analysis.
- π The necessity of having a clear thesis statement that encapsulates the main argument or point of the research, which should be developed before writing begins.
- π The value of creating an outline to organize thoughts and ensure that each section of the research builds logically towards the thesis and overall argument.
- π The attitude change towards starting research early, with extensive reading and understanding before beginning to write, to improve the clarity and effectiveness of the writing.
- βοΈ The practice of writing with a clear direction, ensuring that each part of the research leads to the next in a coherent and logical manner, as opposed to writing aimlessly.
- π The importance of making one's own decisions in academic writing by engaging deeply with the material, rather than simply echoing the opinions of others.
Q & A
What is the main focus of the video lecture?
-The main focus of the video lecture is on 'attitude transformations' necessary for research methodology, particularly in the context of academic writing and critical thinking in a scientific or theological discipline.
Why is the concept of attitude transformation important in research methodology?
-Attitude transformation is important because it helps students move from simply learning from a book to critically evaluating information, understanding the discipline's history and methodologies, and effectively communicating their findings or arguments.
According to the script, what is the first attitude transformation students need to make regarding their reading habits?
-The first attitude transformation is shifting from reading to learn something from a single book to evaluating and comparing multiple sources to determine the best learning material.
What does the lecturer mean by 'critical thinking' in the context of academic research?
-In the context of academic research, 'critical thinking' refers to the ability to question and evaluate the content read, rather than just accepting it as true, and to understand the relationship between different sources of information.
What is the second attitude transformation discussed in the script?
-The second attitude transformation is viewing research not just as a means to learn, but as a tool to communicate, explain, or argue for something based on the learned information.
How does the lecturer suggest students approach their research to ensure effective communication of their findings?
-The lecturer suggests that students should see their research as part of an argument or point they are trying to make, ensuring that all learned material directly or indirectly supports their communication.
What is the importance of having a broad working knowledge of one's topic in research?
-Having a broad working knowledge of one's topic is important because it provides a comprehensive understanding of the discipline, its history, main ideas, methodologies, and key scholars, which is essential for informed and credible academic writing.
What is the third attitude transformation mentioned in the script?
-The third attitude transformation is the need to narrow down research topics to make them more focused and researchable, as opposed to addressing overly broad issues.
Why is it necessary to narrow down research topics according to the lecturer?
-Narrowing down research topics is necessary to make them more manageable and specific, allowing for a more in-depth investigation and a clearer argument or solution to be presented.
What does the lecturer suggest as the fourth attitude transformation for effective research?
-The fourth attitude transformation is the development of a clear thesis statement that encapsulates the main point or argument of the research, which should guide the entire work.
How does the lecturer recommend students prepare for their writing to achieve clarity and effectiveness?
-The lecturer recommends that students prepare by doing extensive reading, understanding, and developing an outline before they start writing, which helps in organizing thoughts and ensuring a clear progression of ideas.
What is the final attitude transformation discussed in the script?
-The final attitude transformation is the importance of working with outlines, which ensures that every section of the research builds towards and follows logically from the others, leading to a coherent and well-structured argument.
Outlines
π Attitude Transformations in Academic Research
The speaker introduces the concept of attitude transformations necessary for effective academic research methodology, emphasizing the shift from passive reading to active evaluation of sources. The goal is to move from learning from books to critically assessing the quality and relevance of information. This involves developing critical thinking skills to determine the best learning material and understanding the relationship between different books and articles.
π£οΈ Research as Communication and Argumentation
The second paragraph discusses the need to view research not merely as a means to learn, but as a tool for communication and argumentation. The speaker stresses the importance of using research to make a point or argue for a particular perspective. This requires an understanding that academic writing is about more than just personal learning; it's about contributing to a broader discourse and effectively communicating one's findings and arguments to others.
π Developing a Broad Understanding of One's Topic
In this paragraph, the speaker highlights the importance of having a comprehensive knowledge of one's research topic. This includes understanding the history, key scholars, methodologies, and evolution of the discipline. The speaker emphasizes the necessity of reading widely to gain a deep understanding of the field, which is essential for making informed decisions about the relevance and quality of different sources.
π Narrowing Down Research Topics for Focused Inquiry
The speaker discusses the importance of narrowing down broad topics to make them researchable. This involves selecting a specific aspect of a larger issue, such as focusing on a particular area, demographic, or response to a problem. The goal is to create a clear and focused research question that can be effectively addressed through a targeted investigation.
π The Importance of Having a Thesis and Outline
The final paragraph emphasizes the need for a clear thesis statement and a well-structured outline in academic writing. The speaker explains that a thesis is the central argument or point of the research, and an outline helps to organize ideas and ensure that each section of the work logically leads to the next. This approach is contrasted with the common practice of writing without a clear plan, which can result in unclear and ineffective arguments.
Mindmap
Keywords
π‘Attitude Transformations
π‘Academic Writing
π‘Critical Thinking
π‘Research Methodology
π‘Theological Studies
π‘New Testament Studies
π‘Historical Critical Method
π‘Interdisciplinary Approach
π‘Narrowing Down Topics
π‘Thesis
π‘Outline
Highlights
Research methodology class aims to transform student attitudes towards academic research and writing.
Students often come from colleges that do not emphasize academic writing, requiring significant adjustment at the science institution.
Academic research is about evaluating multiple sources to determine which is most valuable, not just learning from one source.
Critical thinking involves assessing the quality and relevance of different materials to enhance understanding and learning.
Research methodology involves learning to communicate findings, not just acquiring knowledge.
Broad knowledge of a topic and its historical context is essential for effective research and writing.
Knowing key scholars and their contributions in a field helps in understanding the discipline's development and current state.
Research topics should be narrowed down to make them more manageable and focused.
A thesis statement is crucial as it clearly defines the researcher's argument or main point.
Creating an outline before writing helps in organizing thoughts and ensuring the research is coherent and logically structured.
Effective academic writing requires planning, understanding, and clarity about the research's direction and goals.
Students must learn to evaluate and synthesize information from multiple sources to construct well-informed arguments.
Developing a broad understanding of a topic includes familiarizing oneself with its history, methodologies, and key contributors.
Research should aim to address specific issues or problems, making the findings applicable and relevant.
Academic research is a tool for communication and argumentation, not just for personal learning or teacher evaluation.
Transcripts
foreign
this is another video about resource
methodology again just telling that this
is something that I am doing for my
class my research methodology class at
science
this this lecture this short lecture
that I'm hoping to do is about something
called attitude Transformations that are
needed for research methodology
and one of the things that the reason
why I'm doing this is because I was
thinking about the science context the
students many of us who come to sayax
come from colleges that do not emphasize
academic writing or academic research
and then suddenly a size we are supposed
to figure it out how to write articles
research papers
TC's uh how how are we supposed to do it
and somehow research methodology
is of course that is geared to help you
in that but it's one of those things
that it actually takes time to learn
so what I what I was looking at was I I
saw that there was some kind of
transformation needed in terms of what
we think about research and again like I
say we'll be doing this in class in
terms of workshops but this is just uh
these videos are just for Theory some
theoretical foundation for what I'm
talking about you can ignore these
videos or you can use them to help okay
so I've taken some notes here that's
what I'll keep looking over here but the
goal is to just understand the activity
Transformations that are needed which I
think are needed there may be many more
but I'm just going to highlight a few I
wanted to most important goal I mean the
attribute that needs to change is that
when we're reading a book
uh I think some people think that when
they are reading a book they read it so
that they learn something from the book
so when you read a book about Mission
you're learning something about Mission
when you read something about theology
then you're learning something about
theology uh so uh it's it's one of those
things that you have to be uh it's it's
a common thing we tell our children read
a book to find out
but research now at least the way
academic research is defined today is uh
is not to Simply read to learn something
but to determine uh what of what you
read is better or best for learning and
here like the uh the difference where
suddenly we are no longer reading a book
to learn something you're reading a book
to see how this book relates to another
book and perhaps another article to see
which is a better learning for you to
learn
and that sort of uh brings a step of
learning uh it almost looks like as if
you're waiting to learn you're waiting
to uh waiting to actually learn
something and you're not looking at one
book to learn something you're looking
at several now why I call this an
attitude transformation is because this
is what we sometimes call critical
thinking and it can be seen as something
negative critical and being critical
about something but the goal is to say
that what I read may not be right
it may not be the best option and rather
than simply just takes read something
and accept it as true the the question
is is this the best I can understand and
if you're thinking about writing is this
the best learning I can give my church
are there are there better options are
there ways of understanding that I have
not thought about and that expansion of
reading and that evaluation of uh one
material versus another uh changes the
goal of how we read we're not reading to
learn something just as if I'm reading a
book about Mission and then saying oh
and now I know Mission but I'm reading a
book about Mission and seeing how this
relates to another book about Mission
and determining which one is better and
that we feel is a very important
attitude change that needs to come in a
reading and naturally in writing I'm not
sure whether all of you
can do this automatically I think many
of us have to learn this and have to
practice it but it's an important change
that needs to occur it may not occur
today it may not occur in the next few
weeks but it's something that if you
understand this that you need to learn
to read several books on one topic to
understand which is the better way then
I think if you can understand that
you're you're on the way to good
academic thinking and writing uh the
other attitude change so what we talked
about the attitude change about uh you
must learn to read uh and evaluate
multiple options not simply read one
book and learn but it's the idea of
learning best which one is the better
option the second attitude change that
needs to happen is that research the
data that you get let's say for instance
I learned something
it is not simply for uh as a deaf goal
it's not simply as if now that I figure
out something that's it that's the end
of it
I've learned it so that that's the idea
that research the goal is to learn
something
it's rather the goal is to communicate
something the goal is to uh explain
something the goal is to argue for
something and that's an attitude change
that needs to occur as well many of us
are satisfied to learn something so
let's say we've looked at and learned
multiple options about what mission is
or what possible theology is and what
we've learned a new understanding about
who God is uh however the the the the
the point of academic reading and
writing is to think of that learning of
what we have learned not as the goal
that's it I finish it but as a tool to
communicate as something as
uh of what we get to make a point it's
part of an argument and I know this
expands it I I think it's great to just
learn something and just be satisfied
with that learning but we must expand
this to how we can communicate through
the church to our peers uh to uh
not I'm not saying for our teachers
because we sometimes think we're doing
research papers for our teachers but
it's mainly for the world outside and
for the church outside how do we
communicate and most of us when we are
communicating we we know this very well
we'll say something and we'll justify it
with some either experience or some
prior learning that we have that's what
we need to see academic writing as uh it
it's just that all that we learn must be
seen as part of an argument of what we
are trying to communicate it must make a
point and this is more so in writing
perhaps in conversations we can get by
with using experience
but if we are trying to make a point in
writing then we must think of whatever
we are learning in our book reading must
help us directly uh or indirectly for
making our point and that's something
that is an attitude change that I'm not
sure uh we it we can do it automatically
it's something that I think we need to
learn what we are learning in our books
all the research that we're doing is for
a purpose
to communicate clearly to create to
substantiate my argument so on and so
forth
the the other the other attitude
transformation I'm thinking whether this
is actually an attitude transformation
or not uh or whether this is a subset or
something else the idea is that we need
to have a broad working knowledge of our
topic uh now I think this has to do with
Point number one where we said that we
need to look at multiple sources but the
goal of learning and the goal of reading
is also to understand the entire
discipline so you must learn to read
about if you're learning let's say about
uh
to take a look at the studies example
let's say you're studying
The Book of John and looking at the I am
sayings in the Book of John or whether
Jesus says I am the way I am the truth
and you want to look at that you must
also have a clear understanding of New
Testament as a discipline what are the
tools in New Testament what are the ways
New Testament researchers talk who are
the key spokespersons in New Testament
writing and I actually wrote a few
things here a broad knowledge about your
topic means something like understanding
its history
how did the New Testament discipline
develop what are the main ideas and mean
content or myth theology is coming out
of New Testament studies where did the
discipline come up and what kind of
ideas did it promote what are its main
methodologies how does New Testament
studies progress that I I know something
about so I can say like in about 200
years ago or 100 years ago there was a
dominant methodology in New Testament
studies called historical critical
method and today we are moving more into
literary critical methods or like for
instance narrative or rhetorical and
perhaps Evangelical critics Evangelical
Scholars
trying to mix and match they take a bit
of history and they pick up a bit of
literary work and they combined it so
that you could call it um holistic or a
multiple or interdisciplinary method now
you can you can actually chart out the
history of the methodology of the New
Testament discipline how it used to use
methodologies and how it currently uses
it and a researcher must know that broad
knowledge not just in biblical studies
but in missions gastrocology and
Theology and religions we all need to
have a sense of how our discipline has
grown
and within that just who are the means
Scholars who are the key performance of
this view who are the big shots so for a
theology for instance if I was to say
the word kalbot and most of our
theologians will say yes that's that's
the key theorism if I was to say
somebody like
I don't know who would be the
not significant one but let's say for
instance I would say somebody like
foreign
that you dialogue with
um and so it's uh you have to know who
the main Scholars are the main people in
the field rather than just taking
everybody as if they're equal you need
to be able to see who has uh who is
worth listening to of course that
doesn't mean that somebody like Ian
Payne is not important because if you
read this book and perhaps then you are
able to see hey this is something equal
to uh
but uh but but that is something you
must prove there because most of us
would not know about it so you must
argue for The Importance of Being
paint's work and his thinking and uh and
and then argue that this is a very
substantial piece of writing now uh so
that that being said we need to know who
the key theologians are we need to know
that and the faster we know that the
better it will be in our writing in our
thinking in understanding what the
language is
the sad part of what I'm saying over
here why is an attitude change is
because there are no shortcuts to this
you cannot just read one book to
understand who the key theologians are
because what I'm asking for is not
simply knowing the names of the key
theologians but to know the history of
the discipline to know its main ideas to
know its main methodologies and for that
you need to read a lot uh you need to
read a historical works you need to read
contemporary works you need to read
multiple theologians who's saying what
you need to recognize which Theologian
is better which Theologian is uh is off
on his own tangent which writers are
worth
aligning yourself to and we cannot do
that without actually reading it and if
you don't read it and just hear somebody
say like for instance I just said kalbot
and you said okay is important then I'll
read I'll read him then you may find
yourself just repeating what I am saying
there is a true academic writing would
be hey I want to assess kalbad versus uh
Emil Brunner there's another
contemporary and many people actually
prefer Bruno as a theologian to Karbach
so perhaps you can make that decision
for yourself who are the main people
rather than building nicer you can
actually read for yourself be pruner
meet Bart and see who's better and if
you don't read them you will find
yourself just repeating what other
people who have let them have said and
that's dangerous in academic writing you
need to be able to make your own
decisions
now I just talked about uh have a broad
knowledge so that was my third
assumption the third thing that we need
to change attitude change the broad
reading the other activities change and
that's the opposite is we need to narrow
down our topics uh that's something
really hard it's like if I use this
example earlier uh where I said let's
say I want to investigate uh drug
addiction or alcoholism in nagaland it's
a very clear problem that's facing that
area uh the reason I know it is because
many people have done their thesis on
that topic and and many people are
working in that region uh in that area
but uh
how is if if I just say drug addiction
or alcoholism in another land that is
too broad so narrowing down topic would
mean something like
um
making something researchable
so if I was to say drug addiction and
alcoholism in Nathan perhaps I should
focus on one rather than say drug
addiction and alcoholism I either focus
on alcoholism and I focus on or I focus
on drug addiction there are two similar
but separate issues they relate to each
other but they're not the same issue
drug addiction is more expensive
actually I don't know but uh
but there are some some issues in drug
habits that are different from
alcoholism
and uh and for instance then you can add
smoking and if to group it all together
it's very tough uh to address it so if
you narrow down you take one issue this
similarly then you talk about nagaland
which is very big uh perhaps you can
talk about uh bhimapur which is the
hotbed of these problems the city the
big city the plains where there are
multiple cultures and there are many
issues happening and there's this very
significant uh drug addiction and
alcoholism is actually there in The
Villages and small towns up in the hills
perhaps that's something I'm personally
not sure of but you can either take the
small heavy areas which would have
different issues or you can take like
big city area the dimapur area which
will have different issues the access in
dimapuru is very different from the axis
and let's say
so uh that's something about narrowing
your topic similarly are you looking at
the church's response or are you looking
at the social workers response who are
you talking to uh are you talking to the
Church of how they can help drug addict
drug addicts or are you looking at
Society at large and again I would say
narrow down your topic so with Society I
talk about ngos uh so on and so forth so
this that that attitude change you must
have is how do I narrow down my topic to
make it researchable
um I have two more so I've finished four
so let me see if I can finish the five
and six so number five is you must have
a thesis now I know most of us think of
thesis as uh the NTS thesis that we will
write the 100 120 page the work that we
have but a thesis is your point what are
you trying to say if in one sentence you
could see what I you want to say that's
your thesis so for instance let's
take talk about uh
Addiction in Netherlands but perhaps
let's talk about alcoholism
but you know which one is easy I don't
know but okay let's say alcoholism in
nagaland so my thesis could be that
alcoholism in nagaland or okay let's say
dimapur is an issue that affects not
simply I do lessons but also the elderly
now most people have focused on
adolescence as as the key focus of
alcoholism but what if for instance I
start focusing on alcoholism as a
cultural problem that affects not just
the young but also the old our parents
our
grandparents where they are addicted to
alcohol and and there are different
issues and so I promote that that it's a
problem facing that but that too is it's
it's still a problem I guess what would
my thesis be my thesis would be what
would be my solution so the church or my
solution could be my thesis could be The
Church Must engage with uh alcoholism
actor uh Universal level not simply
focus on the Young and focus on
educating the young people about
alcoholism but educate the church the
children the elderly the the adults the
the regular the leaders they all must be
is talk to about alcoholism and about
its dangers and how to come out of it
so that would be a thesis where you you
propose something for the church what
should the church do uh or as a new way
as opposed to how things have been done
now this is not a great thesis and I'm
sure it can be better but the idea is
that it's something that you yourself
are promoting you will have to make an
argument you'll have to do your research
and you'll have to State it so that's
your thesis and any work whether it's a
long work or it's something like a short
research paper needs to eventually
have a thesis
and the last point is you should try to
work with outlines and an outline means
you need to not only have a thesis
which is a broad understanding of of
your entire work but every small section
must build towards something else and
must follow from something else so your
introduction should lead to the next
paragraph your next paragraph should
lead to the next paragraph which could
be your next point but the way you
achieve that Clarity is if you write
down the thesis or write on the main
points
um before even you start writing your
entire work now the reason why I'll call
this an attitude change is because most
of us uh and I and I put myself into
this bracket most of us have written
like this when we have a topic we start
writing it's right from the beginning
introduction and we're writing it on our
computers or or even handwritten but
definitely computers and the issues and
the ideas are emerging as we write so we
are not actually planning towards a
certain point we're writing it we look
at one book we look at another book we
write it uh then we look out for other
books and we then we like that point and
that actually is poor writing
um I myself have done it and so that's
why I I'm saying it needs an attitude to
change where we need to know what we're
saying before we write it so I should
have done my reading I should have done
my understanding I should have done my
grappling and I got my point and then I
sit down and write uh this point will
lead to this point will lead to my third
point will lead to my conclusion that
kind of clarity if you can get in an
outline you will find your writing to be
much clearer and more uh more
effectively argued and the problem means
that means you need to start early you
need to read
much you need to read earlier not start
last minute and you need to have a clear
sense of where you are going by the time
you start writing I found that when I
changed this attitude when I focused on
reading and understanding and be
developing an outlines I could write
much faster than otherwise I was
spending a lot of time
writing I would spend many days writing
but it would be unclear but if I spend
many days reading and understanding and
developing my outline then my writing
can take a day or two or three I mean it
can actually done depending on your
dieting speed much faster
and because you're clear now what you're
trying to say so those are the six uh
attitude changes I'm sure there are more
but these are the six I felt important
to share that the goal of research is
not simply to learn from a book but to
determine what of what we read is best
more worthy to learn from to evaluate
which one is the best thing to learn
from then the other goal of the attitude
change that we need to have is that
research should be seen as a tool to
address issues or problems rather than
simply just for learning
and then we need to read to get a broad
understanding of our topic and then
relatedly we need to develop our
research paper then narrowly deal with
one specific issue and then finally the
last two we need to have a thesis and we
need to have an outline and uh and uh
hopefully these attitude changes if you
can even focus on these six over the
next few months or you will definitely I
feel improve in your academic writing
thanks
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