成瘾始于痛苦,戒瘾终于平衡!深度解读多巴胺,用身体内稳态戒瘾【心河摆渡】

心河摆渡
6 Aug 202312:17

Summary

TLDR本视频探讨了成瘾的本质,指出成瘾行为并非总是因为其带来的快乐,而可能是为了逃避痛苦。通过个人经历和专家观点,揭示了多巴胺在成瘾过程中的作用,以及如何通过三种方法——利用痛苦激发多巴胺、物理阻断和彻底诚实——来恢复大脑平衡,减少戒断痛苦并最终克服成瘾。视频鼓励观众正视成瘾问题,寻求改变,同时不要为此感到羞耻。

Takeaways

  • 😀 成瘾不仅仅是为了快乐,更多是为了逃避痛苦。
  • 📉 多数成瘾行为是为了避免学习、工作等现实压力带来的痛苦。
  • 📊 多巴胺的作用不仅仅是让人感到快乐,而是驱使人追求快乐。
  • 🔄 大脑处理快乐和痛苦的区域重叠,追求快乐会引发更大的痛苦。
  • 🎮 成瘾行为如打游戏、吸烟等会不断加重对多巴胺的依赖。
  • 🧠 神经适应性使得一次体验的快乐减弱,导致更多的依赖。
  • 💡 斯坦福大学教授提出的成瘾治疗方法包括主动寻求痛苦来平衡多巴胺水平。
  • ❄️ 例如,用冷水泡澡可以显著增加多巴胺浓度,减轻戒断症状。
  • 🏃‍♂️ 运动、吃辣椒和看恐怖电影等痛苦体验也能带来长时间的快乐。
  • ✋ 完全戒断成瘾物质和行为,包括环境中的所有相关刺激物,是戒瘾的关键。
  • 🗣 诚实地承认自己的成瘾,可以增强大脑前额叶皮质的活动,提高自我控制力。
  • 👥 通过社会监督和宣誓,可以有效帮助克服成瘾行为。
  • 🛑 使用低级替代品(如无糖可乐)往往会增强对原有成瘾物的渴望。
  • 💬 戒瘾过程中的疼痛感反而可以转化为更长久的快乐和专注力。
  • 👍 接纳自己的成瘾并积极改变,才能真正解决问题。

Q & A

  • 为什么人们会形成上瘾行为?

    -人们形成上瘾行为往往是因为上瘾行为最初能带来快乐,但随着时间的推移,即使不再感到快乐,不重复上瘾行为会带来痛苦,从而形成了依赖。

  • 高中时期作者为什么沉迷于网络游戏?

    -作者在高中时期因为学习压力大,成绩平平,为了逃避学习的痛苦,选择通过网络游戏来麻木自己,从而形成了对游戏的依赖。

  • 上瘾行为如何影响日常生活和学习?

    -上瘾行为会让个体在日常生活中持续期待上瘾活动,导致任务变得更加繁重和压力重重,进而形成更深层次的依赖和欲望。

  • 多巴胺在上瘾过程中扮演什么角色?

    -多巴胺是一种神经递质,它在上瘾过程中起到关键作用,它不是带来快乐,而是激发人们对快乐的渴望,当不满足这种渴望时,会产生不满足的痛苦。

  • 为什么说上瘾行为是逃避现实的一种方式?

    -上瘾行为可以让人暂时逃离现实生活的压力和痛苦,通过刺激大脑释放多巴胺获得短暂的快乐,但这种快乐是短暂的,一旦停止上瘾行为,痛苦和压力又会回来。

  • 为什么说上瘾很难戒除?

    -上瘾很难戒除是因为一旦形成依赖,大脑会对上瘾行为产生强烈的渴望,同时,戒断过程中的多巴胺水平下降会导致痛苦和不适,这种痛苦会驱使人们继续上瘾行为。

  • 如何理解多巴胺在上瘾中的“奖励预测误差”机制?

    -“奖励预测误差”是指实际奖励需要超出预期,才能激发多巴胺的释放。例如,第二次吃巧克力或玩游戏应该比第一次更令人兴奋,否则多巴胺的效果会减少,这是神经适应的结果。

  • 为什么说上瘾会导致“快感阈值”提高?

    -因为神经适应的作用,人们需要更多的刺激来获得与之前相同的快乐感,这导致快感的阈值不断提高,使得个体感受到的快乐越来越少,而痛苦则越来越深。

  • 如何通过“以痛治痛”的方式来减少戒断痛苦?

    -通过主动追求痛苦,如冷水浴等,可以触发大脑自身的稳态调节机制,使大脑在痛苦之后平衡痛苦与快乐,从而减少戒断时的痛苦感。

  • 为什么彻底戒除上瘾行为需要远离所有上瘾源?

    -远离所有上瘾源可以避免触发大脑的上瘾反应,防止上瘾行为的重复发生,这是彻底戒除上瘾的关键步骤。

  • 为什么诚实面对自己的上瘾行为有助于戒除上瘾?

    -诚实面对自己的上瘾行为可以激活大脑的前额叶皮层,增强自我控制能力,帮助我们更理性地选择延迟满足,从而有助于戒除上瘾。

Outlines

00:00

🎮 游戏成瘾的心理机制

本段讨论了成瘾行为背后的心理原因,指出成瘾不仅仅是因为快感,更多是因为逃避痛苦。以高中时期沉迷网络游戏为例,说明了成瘾行为的起源和过程。成瘾行为开始时可能带来快乐,但随着时间推移,即使不再感到快乐,停止这些行为会带来痛苦。此外,还探讨了成瘾行为如何加重生活压力,形成恶性循环。最后,介绍了斯坦福大学医学教授Anna Lenbuk对成瘾的研究,以及多巴胺在成瘾中的作用,包括不同行为对多巴胺释放量的影响。

05:01

🧠 多巴胺与成瘾的神经适应

这一段深入探讨了多巴胺在成瘾过程中的作用,特别是奖励预测误差机制,即实际奖励必须超出预期才能产生多巴胺效应。介绍了神经适应现象,即成瘾者为了维持快感,需要不断增加刺激强度,导致快感阈值提高,痛苦加深。还讨论了成瘾者在戒断过程中所面临的挑战,包括如何通过一个月的时间重置大脑回路,以及使用低级替代品可能导致的问题。最后,提出了三种方法来帮助恢复大脑平衡,减少戒断痛苦,包括通过主动追求痛苦来触发多巴胺释放,以及通过锻炼来促进其他神经递质的释放。

10:02

🚫 彻底戒断成瘾的策略

本段提供了彻底戒断成瘾的具体策略,包括完全切断与成瘾源的联系,如注销游戏账号、删除游戏、取消信用卡等。讨论了成瘾后的大脑敏感化现象,即成瘾者对成瘾相关事物特别敏感,容易触发重复成瘾行为。提出了“3R诚实”的方法,即通过承认自己的成瘾行为,增强前额叶皮层的活动,提高自我控制能力,从而更理性地选择延迟满足。此外,还强调了戒断成瘾时不应感到羞耻,因为成瘾行为往往是现实压力的结果,而非个人意愿。最后,鼓励观众通过点击支持和留言来参与互动。

Mindmap

Keywords

💡成瘾

成瘾是指个体对某种物质或行为产生强烈的依赖性,难以自控地重复该行为。视频中提到,成瘾不仅仅是因为成瘾物质或行为带来的快乐,更多是因为不进行成瘾行为时的痛苦。例如,高中时期的叙述者因学习压力而沉迷于网络游戏,成瘾行为帮助他逃避学习的痛苦。

💡多巴胺

多巴胺是一种神经递质,通常与奖赏和快感相关联。视频中解释了多巴胺如何作为“通用货币”来衡量个人成瘾的可能性,如巧克力、性行为、尼古丁和安非他命都能不同程度地增加大脑中多巴胺的释放,从而增加成瘾的风险。

💡逃避

逃避是指个体为了远离不愉快的情境或感受而采取的行为。视频中的叙述者通过玩网络游戏来逃避学习的压力和痛苦,这种行为最终导致了他对游戏的成瘾。

💡痛苦

痛苦在视频中被描述为成瘾行为的一个重要驱动力。当个体停止成瘾行为时,他们会感到痛苦,这种痛苦促使他们重复成瘾行为以逃避。例如,叙述者如果不玩游戏,就会回到学习的痛苦现实中。

💡神经适应

神经适应是指神经系统对持续刺激的反应逐渐减少的现象。视频中提到,随着成瘾行为的重复,个体需要更多的刺激来获得同样的快感,这导致快乐阈值的提高和痛苦的加深。

💡快感

快感是指个体经历愉悦或满足的感觉。视频中讨论了快感与成瘾的关系,指出快感的体验往往是短暂的,而成瘾行为则可能导致长期的不快乐和痛苦。

💡奖励预测误差

奖励预测误差是指实际获得的奖励超出预期时,多巴胺的释放会增加。视频中提到,这种机制是维持欲望和奖励预测的重要方式,例如第二次吃巧克力应该比第一次更顺滑,从而产生更多的快感。

💡痛苦治疗

痛苦治疗是指通过主动承受一定程度的痛苦来达到治疗或缓解成瘾症状的方法。视频中提到,通过承受冷刺激等痛苦体验,可以触发身体自身的调节机制,释放多巴胺,从而缓解成瘾症状。

💡物理阻断

物理阻断是指通过消除成瘾源或相关触发因素来帮助个体戒除成瘾行为的方法。视频中建议,如果想要彻底戒除成瘾,应该清除所有与成瘾有关的物质和事物,以避免触发成瘾行为。

💡诚实

诚实是指个体对自己和他人坦率表达真实想法和情感的品质。视频中提到,通过承认自己的成瘾行为并公开声明戒除的决心,可以激活大脑的前额叶皮层,增强自我控制能力,帮助戒除成瘾。

💡自我调节机制

自我调节机制是指生物体内部维持稳态和平衡的能力。视频中讨论了大脑如何通过自我调节机制在快乐和痛苦之间寻找平衡,以及成瘾行为如何打破这种平衡,导致长期的不快乐。

Highlights

今天我们讨论的话题可能会颠覆你对成瘾的认知,无论你的成瘾有多大,也许你能从中得到一些启示。

成瘾并不仅仅是因为带来的快乐,事实上,很多成瘾者重复成瘾行为时已经感受不到快乐,但不重复会非常痛苦。

我在高三时因为学习压力大,开始去网吧打游戏,起初是为了逃避学习的痛苦,但渐渐形成了依赖。

成瘾行为让学习压力和痛苦加重,从而加深对游戏的依赖,最终形成成瘾。

成瘾不仅仅是追求快乐,更是为了逃避现实中的痛苦。

成瘾行为会让大脑中的多巴胺释放增加,导致更容易上瘾。

戒掉成瘾行为很难,因为戒断时的痛苦感受非常强烈。

斯坦福大学医学教授安娜·伦布克研究成瘾问题已有25年,她的研究成果表明戒断成瘾需要至少一个月的时间。

多巴胺是大脑中的一种神经递质,它驱动人们追求奖励,而不是带来快乐。

多巴胺的释放在奖励之前发生,让人们渴望快乐,但如果没有实现,随之而来的就是痛苦。

痛苦和快乐在大脑中是通过一个平衡机制调节的,当快乐体验结束后,平衡会自然倾向于痛苦的一侧。

为了恢复平衡,可以主动追求痛苦,通过增加痛苦来让身体自我调节,达到长时间的愉悦感。

科学研究表明,冷水浴、运动等痛苦体验可以触发身体的自我调节机制,产生长时间的愉悦感。

戒掉成瘾行为需要彻底切断与成瘾相关的一切事物,以免被触发成瘾行为。

诚实地承认自己的成瘾行为,可以增强大脑的自我控制能力,有助于戒除成瘾。

结合以上三种方法,可以有效恢复大脑的平衡,减少戒断痛苦,体验改变的快乐。

Transcripts

play00:07

Hello everyone, welcome back to Xinhe Ferry

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What we're talking about today

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May upend your perception of addiction

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whatever your addiction

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no matter how big your addiction is

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Maybe you can get some inspiration from it

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Generally we think of an addiction to something

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It must be because of the pleasure it brings

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This statement is true but not quite true

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in fact

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When many addicts repeat addictive behaviors

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I can't feel happy anymore

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But if the addictive behavior is not repeated

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they will be very painful

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Why is this so

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it starts with me

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When I was in the third year of high school, my study was average

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In addition, the task is heavy and stressful

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Soon I got into the habit of going to Internet cafes to play games

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Because only with a gun on the computer

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when bludgeoning the enemy

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I can let myself breathe

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In order to feel the fun of high school life

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so from the beginning

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I just want to escape the pain of learning

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I chose to use games to numb myself

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Then I went to class and wanted to eat and sleep

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I still want to have expectations for the game all the time

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It also makes the task heavier and more stressful

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learning pain

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Let me have a deeper dependence and desire for the game

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Addiction is formed

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even hit

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The game no longer has the thrill of the first time

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but if you don't hit

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I can only go back to reality and bear the pain of learning

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It hurts to think about it

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Hahaha

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Hahaha

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This is how many addictions are formed.

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Just imagine

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You go to the shift from nine to night every day

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Carrying the burden of raising a family every day

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The pressure of work and life squeezes you

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no space

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Maybe you can only run to the toilet to smoke a cigarette and brush your phone

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Play games and have some beer late at night

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to bring a moment of pleasure

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Because those are the times when you are most relaxed

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But after enjoying the pleasure brought by dopamine

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The pain is still waiting for you

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And the back and forth will make you feel more painful

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So you run away every chance you get

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Evasion is shameful but useful and fun

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Driven by pain you're addicted to pleasure

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this happy

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May be smoking and drinking

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Sex Addiction Internet Addiction Mobile Addiction Game Addiction

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food addiction and more

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Anything that stimulates the brain to release dopamine

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act of pleasure

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possibility of addiction

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And the more dopamine released

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more prone to addiction

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Once addicted, it is harder to quit

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Fortunately, the way we talk today

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from Stanford University

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Professor of Addiction Medicine at the School of Medicine

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anna lenbuk

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past 25 years

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He's been working on a cure for gambling

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video game heroin

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Addiction to various things

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So he has the absolute right to speak about addiction

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For example, he multiplied by a case in this book

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a young man

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Smoking, drinking and smoking marijuana since the age of 17

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Cocaine use at 18

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Switched to OxyContin and Alpzolam at age 19

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What kind of heat breaking system did you use one after another in your 20s?

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Fentanyl, LSD, PCP, etc.

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I can't even name these

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When he came to see Professor Rumbok

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14 drugs have been used

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so compared to him

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Our addictions are all pediatrics.

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In order to facilitate the understanding of the principles of addiction

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Let's get to know dopamine first

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This neurotransmitter is the equivalent of a universal currency

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Scientists generally use it to measure the personal

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likelihood of addiction

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such as chocolate

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Can increase the release of dopamine in the brain by 55%

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Sex performance can be improved by 100%

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Nicotine increased by 150%

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amphetamine, the main ingredient in some drugs

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Can increase by 1,000%

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obviously

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The addiction level of these things is also increasing

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So some behaviors once tried

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It's really hard to quit

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Some people may think that just try once

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strong willpower

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so no problem

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nonexistent

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due to the pain of withdrawal

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It can also be evaluated according to this magnitude

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Someone described the feeling of drug withdrawal

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It's like after a broken body

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I'm still moving my body

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Just thinking about it makes your scalp tingle, right?

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in the brain

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Only 0.0005% of brain cells produce dopamine

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almost negligible

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But it's just a little bit of chemicals

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Let people have seven emotions and six desires

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Also make life colorful

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However, the main role of spotty

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It's not about making people feel happy after receiving a reward

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Rather, it drives people to be motivated to receive rewards

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Like you're happy eating a piece of chocolate

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The brain remembers the feeling

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Next time I see chocolate

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Dopamine activates wall circuits in the brain

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You can enjoy the silky feeling before eating

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And the urge to eat it

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You see dopamine is released before pleasure

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so it doesn't bring you happiness

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but to make you long for happiness

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but if you don't eat this chocolate

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Unsatisfied longing and pain follow

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scientists found

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Areas of the brain that process pleasure

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It overlaps with the area that deals with pain

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It's like we have a balance in our brain

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When nothing is placed at both ends

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balance in balance

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When we eat chocolate, play games and swipe our phones

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The scale is starting to tilt towards the happy side

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The bigger the tilt, the happier we are

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But any living system

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have a powerful self-regulatory mechanism

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The brain tries to keep the scales in balance

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Just apply an equal amount of pressure on the other side

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It can be imagined as a group of pain elves running over

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sit on the other side

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When the pleasure experience wears off

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balance is natural

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Naturally tilted to the side of pain

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so

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Sometimes I feel empty after swiping my phone all morning

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Feel lost when you come back from a trip

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that's why

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You want to get rid of the feeling of emptiness and loss

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Just keep putting more weight on the happy side

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so you have to have another chocolate

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play another game

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but here's the problem

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It's actually dopamine that's at work.

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it makes us appreciate the reward

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A very important mechanism for always maintaining the desire

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reward prediction error

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That is to say, the actual reward has to exceed expectations.

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The second chocolate should be smoother than the first

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The second game is more exciting than the first

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Otherwise the mottled effect will be reduced

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The pleasure produced will also be diminished

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This is called neural adaptation

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It's like adding pain to your side

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There are more and more elves

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The problem is the high you're after is short-lived

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is capped

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Those elves are long term and unlimited

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They camped out on the other side

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I am determined to fight a protracted war for you

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In the end you still can't beat them

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You can feel the threshold of happiness will be higher and higher

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The pain the elves bring you is getting deeper and deeper

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The balance is no longer balanced

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Instead, always lean towards the painful section

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cause anhedonia

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So for heavy addicts

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Don't tell them to quit addiction

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Normal life is already a pain

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some drug addicts

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those drugs for them

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probably about the same as salt water

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but no way

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they just can't quit

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because only continue to suck

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They're the ones who can bring the balance back into balance

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This looks kind of ironic

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pursuit of extreme happiness

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as a result, unable to enjoy any form of pleasure

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Addiction may be enough once

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But how long does it take to quit addiction?

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one year ten years

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If I say it again, you might have to curse

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turn off the video

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don't run

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In fact, according to the clinical experience of Professor Renbok

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Reset Brain Award

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The minimum time required for a project loop is generally one month

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We don't seem long

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But if you really want to let you not use your mobile phone or play games for a month

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don't smoke or drink

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don't do what you most want to do

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can you really hold back

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And a big problem is

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What should I do this month to get myself through

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you might be thinking

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Can I use a low ban?

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Instead of a high ban

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Get rid of this idea as soon as possible

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The brain is not so gullible

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I used to lose weight

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Try Diet Coke to help you quit Coke

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Who knew diet coke was like a hook

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makes me crave more coke

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As a result, Coke did not quit

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Drink an extra can of Diet Coke every day

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Combined with the suggestions in the book, I have summarized three methods

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mechanism of action of dopamine

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Allows you to efficiently restore the balance of the balance

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and minimize withdrawal pain

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pain cure pain

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Since the brain area responsible for pleasure is also responsible for pain

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Since the brain balances pleasure with pain,

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Then if we instead actively pursue pain

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Does the brain balance pain with pleasure?

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Researchers at Charles University in Prague

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Get 10 volunteers

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Soak in cold water at 14 degrees Celsius for an hour

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sample their blood

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turn out

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dopamine in their plasma

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Concentration increased by 250 percent

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Duration of high dopamine levels

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well beyond the duration of the painful stimulus

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That is to say

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This method of treating pain with pain is feasible

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pain

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triggers the body's own homeostasis regulation mechanism

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When we take the initiative to increase the weight in the painful period

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The body also balances painful sensations with pleasure

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and often the duration

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longer

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We should have all experienced the feeling of pain and happiness

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like eating chili

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Although stimulating the pain sensory nerve

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But the more you eat, the more enjoyable you are

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like watching a horror movie

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Even though I'm sweating profusely from fear, I still feel good

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Another example is sports

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You insist on running for 5 kilometers and you are exhausted

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You can also gain a kind of pleasure called runner's orgasm

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you can choose one of the

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Exercise may be the best option from a health standpoint

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Because it releases dopamine in addition to

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Can also promote the release of other neurotransmitters

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Such as norepinephrine, endorphins, etc.

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like endoderm

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Provides pleasure while relieving pain

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And it's different from chasing pleasure

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The pleasure generated by pain not only does not make us anxious

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Instead, it relieves anxiety

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long time after pain

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your mood will improve

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focus more

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Of course more importantly

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You can in the process of closing the eyes

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Feel the joy that dopamine brings to you

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like pain is our pleasure

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pay the same price

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Pleasure is also the reward we get from pain

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Two physical blocking

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After becoming addicted to something or behavior

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Sensitization of the brain

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that is

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You are particularly sensitive to things related to addiction

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They'll hook your addiction out

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make you repeat addictive behavior

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There is a case in the book

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An addict with the last name used to recover well

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The first day he saw naked women on TV

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he endured

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Saw body paint on my phone the next day

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he endured again

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On the third day he couldn't take it anymore

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my head is about to split

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Bring back the handicraft machines that have been thrown away

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Crazy output

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So if you want to quit addiction completely

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addictive substances

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and all things addictive

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no one left

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Get rid of it all

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If you are addicted to spending money, close the Huabei IOU

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Credit card cancellation salary all handed over

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If you are addicted to playing games, log off your account

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delete the game

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What switch check box

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sell it or give it away

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smoking addiction

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Let the family hide all the cigarettes in the house

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Don't be around people who smoke if you don't have to

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purpose of doing this

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It's to cut you off from the drug completely.

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Don't Let Them Hook Your Addiction Out

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Don't try to give yourself room to maneuver

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Hide some private money and keep a trumpet to ask others for cigarettes

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It's better not to borrow

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Because once you lower your standards

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your standards will get lower and lower

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I used to borrow the game like this

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I thought I played it anyway, so I might as well play it again.

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In the end, the trumpet practiced at a higher level than the tuba

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Hahaha

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Of course I know it's not easy

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But I can't bear to force myself

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Can't quit addiction

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You can use the first method with

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Stimulates the release of dopamine anyway

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Your brain doesn't care if you're masturbating or letting go

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3 radical honesty

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no one will

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What's the point of voluntarily acknowledging yourself

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Even in various ways to cover up

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own meaning

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Anyway, I used to go to Internet cafes to play games

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I always lied to my parents about going to a classmate's house to review my homework

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afraid of being beaten

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this is one aspect

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The main reason is that I know myself

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this is not a benign behavior

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So you can only deceive yourself and others by lying

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for reasons other than shame

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more importantly

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cut off the brain wall

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Connection between the upper circuit and the forehead eyelid

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Brain's reward circuitry is activated in addiction

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lie again

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ruins

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Constraints of the prefrontal eyelid on the reward circuit

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The preocular cortex is responsible for rational decision-making and future planning

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The result is

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The brain really thinks you're not addicted

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you just relax and have fun

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don't mind

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So in many addiction treatment programs

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both involve strengthening and rebuilding the connection between the two

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And honestly it can be done

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researchers found

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Stimulate the prefrontal cortex

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Can increase one's honesty

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vice versa

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when we admit to addiction

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Activity in the prefrontal cortex is also enhanced

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Improve self-control

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Let us choose to delay gratification more rationally

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The specific way is when the addiction comes

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You meditate in your heart what addiction I have

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i want to quit this addiction

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if you can let go

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you just find the people around you

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Declare this sentence to him solemnly

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It's better than saying it in your head

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First of all, this sense of ritual

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Greater stimulation of the preocular cortex

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Second, humans are social animals

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It might be a fake

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Play it 100 times and it's real

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In the end you told so many people

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They all played a supervisory role

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Someday you solidify Fu Meng and let them see

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Where to save face, right?

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These 3 methods are superimposed

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Trust me you will experience the joy of change

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I just keep playing every morning

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balls and cold showers

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It's really good when it's over

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And work more focused and energetic

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One last thing I want to say

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Let's not be ashamed of what we are addicted to

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In many cases, it’s really not what we want to show off.

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no self-motivation, no willpower

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It's the pressure of reality that makes us breathless

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But now we also know

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those escapist addictive activities

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does not solve the problem

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Instead, it will cause more serious problems

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Today's content is a bit long

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Thank you guys for persevering

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see here

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Do you also feel that there is a little dry stuff?

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So I hope everyone can click three times

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If this still doesn't help you

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remember to leave me a message

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I'll think about it

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