為什麼很多人對生活越來越無感?► 聽聽史丹佛大學精神醫學教授怎麼說 - Dr. Anna Lembke 安娜·倫伯克博士(中英字幕)

Wisdom Bread 智慧麵包
30 Dec 202303:46

Summary

TLDR本视频剧本探讨了快感与痛苦的神经科学,揭示这两种感觉是如何在大脑中共存的。视频强调,当我们经历快乐时,大脑倾向于通过感受痛苦来恢复平衡状态,这一过程被称为家庭静态。此外,剧本解释了重复追求快感导致的多巴胺调节失衡,最终可能导致无法享受生活的厌世感。视频通过分析日常活动,如观看YouTube或使用社交媒体,来说明这一点,并提出了意识到这一过程并适当调整行为的重要性,以避免长期的心理和情绪后果。

Takeaways

  • 🧠 大脑中处理快乐和痛苦的是相同的部位,它们像天平一样工作,旨在保持平衡。
  • ⚖️ 快乐和痛苦工作原理是平衡的,体验快乐后,大脑会努力恢复到原来的平衡状态,即家庭静态。
  • 📺 观看令人愉快的视频(如美国偶像)会使大脑倾向于快乐,停止观看后会感到相反的痛苦。
  • 🔄 我们通常不会意识到快乐和痛苦之间的这种转换,除非我们开始有意识地注意到它。
  • 🕹️ 沉迷于令人愉快的活动(如社交媒体)会导致想要更多的欲望,从而可能进入一个痛苦的循环。
  • 🚫 最终我们需要断开与这些行为的连接,因为我们不能一直生活在这种状态中,还有其他事情需要做。
  • 🧪 体验极度快乐后,大脑会通过下调多巴胺受体来补偿,导致所谓的“宿醉”或低落感。
  • 🔄 如果不等待这种感觉自然消退,而是不断追求快感,会导致大脑重置为缺乏快乐的状态,类似于临床抑郁。
  • 💔 长期追求快感会导致多巴胺系统紊乱,引发诸如焦虑、易怒、失眠、不快等问题。
  • 📉 当大脑处于多巴胺缺乏状态时,几乎所有事物都无法与之前追求的快感相比,导致生活中缺乏乐趣。

Q & A

  • 大脑中哪些部分同时处理快乐和痛苦的感觉?

    -大脑中处理快乐和痛苦的是同一部分。

  • 什么是大脑的平衡原则?

    -大脑的平衡原则是指大脑希望保持平衡状态,不想长时间倾向于快乐或痛苦,总是努力恢复水平状态或称为稳态。

  • 观看YouTube视频如何影响大脑的平衡?

    -观看YouTube视频使大脑倾向于快乐的一侧,停止观看后,大脑会相应地倾向于痛苦的一侧,以恢复平衡。

  • 我们是否总是意识到大脑平衡的变化?

    -我们大多数时候不会意识到大脑平衡的变化,除非我们真的开始注意它。

  • 在社交媒体上的行为如何展示了大脑的这种平衡原则?

    -在社交媒体上,我们可能因为看到一个好的帖子而感到快乐,但一旦停止,就会感到一种失落感,这反映了大脑试图恢复平衡的过程。

  • 重复追求快感有哪些长期后果?

    -长期重复追求快感会导致大脑重置为缺乏乐趣的状态,这是一种多巴胺缺乏的状态,类似于临床抑郁、焦虑、易怒、失眠和不快乐。

  • 什么是多巴胺调节,它如何与快乐和痛苦的感觉相关?

    -多巴胺调节是指大脑如何调整多巴胺受体和传输以补偿快乐活动。过度刺激后,大脑会减少多巴胺传输,导致痛苦的感觉。

  • 为什么终止重复的快乐行为是重要的?

    -终止重复的快乐行为是重要的,因为这可以防止大脑状态重置为缺乏乐趣的状态,帮助维持多巴胺水平的正常调节。

  • 如何理解大脑的稳态(homeostasis)?

    -大脑的稳态是指大脑努力保持其化学和物理状态的平衡,以保持正常运行和情绪稳定。

  • 为什么正常生活对于成瘾者来说可能看起来不够有趣?

    -对于成瘾者来说,正常生活可能看起来不够有趣,因为他们的大脑已经适应了重复的高水平快乐刺激,使得正常水平的刺激无法产生满足感。

Outlines

00:00

😊大脑中的快乐和痛苦

本段讨论了大脑中处理快乐和痛苦的相同部分,它们像天平一样互相平衡。当我们感到快乐时,天平会向一边倾斜;当我们感到痛苦时,它会向相反的方向倾斜。大脑会努力维持平衡。所以当我们停止 plaisurable 活动时,我们会体验“戒断”的痛苦。我们可以通过再次参与那些活动来减轻这种痛苦,但这可能导致依赖。反复高强度的快感会减少我们大脑的多巴胺接受器,从而导致我们比平时更难获得快乐。

Mindmap

Keywords

💡上瘾

上瘾指的是个体对某种行为或物质产生强烈的依赖和渴求,难以自拔。在视频中,上瘾被描述为一种因习惯性行为(如观看YouTube视频)而难以摆脱的状态,导致正常生活变得无趣。这体现在个体在停止行为时感受到的痛苦,以及对重复该行为的强烈欲望上。

💡快乐与痛苦

快乐与痛苦在大脑中是共位的,即同一脑区负责处理这两种感受。视频中指出,当个体体验快乐时,大脑会倾向于平衡这种状态,通过经历痛苦来恢复平衡,形成一种快乐和痛苦的循环。这解释了为何快感消退后会有想要重复体验的冲动。

💡平衡

平衡指的是大脑力求维持快乐与痛苦之间的一种稳定状态,即内稳态。视频中强调,当个体体验到快乐时,大脑会努力通过引入痛苦来重回这种平衡状态,以避免长时间倾向于任一方。

💡内稳态

内稳态是指生物体内部环境相对稳定的状态。视频中提到,大脑通过内稳态机制来调节快乐和痛苦,确保个体不会长时间沉溺于单一情绪,促进心理和生理健康。

💡刺激

在视频中,刺激指任何能够引起大脑快乐或痛苦反应的外部因素,如观看视频。大脑对这些刺激的反应遵循平衡原则,即快乐的体验会引起痛苦的反弹,以恢复平衡状态。

💡多巴胺

多巴胺是一种神经递质,与快乐、奖励和上瘾行为密切相关。视频中提到,快乐活动(如观看视频)释放多巴胺,但长期刺激会导致大脑减少多巴胺受体,从而增加痛苦感,引发依赖。

💡补偿机制

补偿机制指大脑对快乐刺激的自我调节过程,通过降低快感以恢复平衡。视频中讨论了在体验高强度快乐后,大脑如何通过降低多巴胺反应来补偿,导致了后续的痛苦或渴望感。

💡缺乏愉悦感

缺乏愉悦感是指长期过度追求快乐刺激后,个体无法从通常活动中获得满足或快乐,生活变得枯燥无味。视频中解释,这是因为反复的快乐刺激导致大脑调整其反应,减少多巴胺释放,从而使个体难以感受到快乐。

💡临床抑郁

临床抑郁是一种严重的心理疾病,表现为持续的悲伤、兴趣丧失等症状。视频中指出,长期的快乐追求和大脑补偿机制的过度激活可以导致多巴胺系统功能障碍,进而引发类似临床抑郁的状态。

💡痛苦

痛苦在此上下文中指的是在经历快乐之后为恢复平衡所必须经历的感觉。视频中描述了这种痛苦不仅是物理上的,也是心理上的,如停止观看视频后感受到的空虚或渴望,这种痛苦促使个体再次寻求快乐,形成可能的上瘾循环。

Highlights

快乐和痛苦位于同一个大脑区域,它们像天平一样互相平衡。获得快乐时天平向一边倾斜,感到痛苦时向另一边倾斜。

大脑会努力恢复快乐和痛苦的平衡状态,这称为“稳态”。一旦停止获得快乐的刺激,大脑会产生等量的痛苦感。

我们很少意识到快乐和痛苦之间的平衡。这是一种反射,除非我们真正开始注意,否则我们通常不会意识到。

重复获得快乐会导致大脑产生多巴胺缺乏状态,造成抑郁、焦虑、烦躁、失眠等症状。这类似于临床抑郁。

Transcripts

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you can't stop yourself as soon as I

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disengage from this behavior I'm going

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to experience a kind of a pain in a

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previous conversation we had you said

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something that really rung in my mind

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which is that many people who become

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addicted to things have this feeling

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that normal life isn't interesting

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enough one of the most significant

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findings in Neuroscience in the last 75

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years is that Pleasure and Pain are

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collocated which means the same parts of

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the brain that process pleasure also

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process pain pain and they work like a

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balance so when we feel pleasure our

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balance tips one way when we feel pain

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it tips in the opposite direction and

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one of the overriding rules governing

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this balance is that it wants to stay

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level so it doesn't want to remain

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tipped very long to pleasure or to pain

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the brain will work very hard to restore

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a level balance or what scientists call

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homeostasis and the way the brain does

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that is with any stimulus to one side

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there will be a tip an equal and

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opposite amount to the other side so

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like I like to watch YouTube videos when

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I watch YouTube videos of American Idol

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it tips to the side of pleasure when I

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stop watching it I have a cown which is

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a tip to the equal and opposite amount

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on the other side and that's that moment

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of wanting to watch one more YouTube

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video This Moment of wanting to watch

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another that is associated with pain are

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we always aware of that happening

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because you just described in a very

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conscious way but when I um indulge in

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something I enjoy I'm usually thinking

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about wanting more of that thing I don't

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think about the pain I just think about

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more right really excellent point

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because we're mostly not aware of it and

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it's also reflexive so it's not

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something that consciously happens or

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that we're aware of unless we really

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begin to pay attention and when we begin

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to pay attention we really can become

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very aware of it in the moment again

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it's like a falling away you're on

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social media and you get a good tweet of

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something and then you can't stop

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yourself because there's this awareness

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a latent awareness that as soon as I

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disengage from this behavior I'm going

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to experience a kind of a pain right a

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falling away a missing that feeling a

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wanting more of it and of course one way

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to combat that is to do it more right

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and more and more and more but

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ultimately we do need to disengage right

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we can't live in that space all the time

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right we have other things we need to do

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and there are also serious consequences

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that come with trying to repeat and

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continue that experience or that feeling

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what happens right after I do something

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that is really pleasurable and releases

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a lot of dopamine my brain is going to

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immediately compensate by down

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regulating my own dopamine receptors my

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own dopamine transmission to compensate

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for that and that's that come down or

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The Hangover that after effect that

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moment of wanting to do it more now if I

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just wait for that feeling to pass then

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my dopamine will reregulate itself and

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I'll go back to whatever my chronic

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Baseline is but if I don't wait and

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here's really the key if I keep

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indulging again and again and again

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ultimately I have so much on the pain

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side that I've essentially reset my

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brain to what we call like an anhedonic

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or lacking enjoy type of state which is

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a dopamine deficit state which is akin

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to a clinical depression anxiety

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irritability insomnia dysphoria and then

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nothing is enjoyable then everything

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sort of pales in comparison to this one

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drug that I want to keep

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doing

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