Pembelajaran Rabu, 18 Februari 2026.

Summary

In this Islamic lesson, Pak Fahri teaches Tafsir of Surah Al-Baqarah (183-184) to SMP Negeri 95 Jakarta students. He explains the importance of fasting, its historical context, and the wisdom behind it, drawing from the works of Imam Jalaluddin Al-Mahali and Imam Jalaluddin Assuyuti. The lesson covers the obligations and exemptions related to fasting, such as for the sick, travelers, elderly, and those in difficult circumstances. Additionally, it highlights the spiritual and moral benefits of fasting. The session concludes with a prayer and an invitation for students to ask questions if any part of the explanation is unclear.

Takeaways

• 😀 The lecture starts with a series of Islamic prayers and supplications for blessings and guidance.
• 😀 The teacher, Pak Fahri, explains that the lesson will focus on Tafsir (interpretation) of Surah Al-Baqarah, Ayat 183-184.
• 😀 Ayat 183 emphasizes the obligation of fasting during certain days, as prescribed for the Muslim Ummah and also earlier nations.
• 😀 Fasting is meant to increase piety (taqwa) and self-control over desires, particularly to avoid excesses that lead to sin.
• 😀 Ayat 184 outlines exemptions for fasting, including illness or travel, with the requirement to make up missed fasts later.
• 😀 Fidyah (feeding a poor person) can be given if fasting is too difficult, and voluntary charity during fasting is highly recommended.
• 😀 The duration of fasting is limited to the month of Ramadan, which is one month in a year, making it a relatively small portion of a lifetime.
• 😀 The term 'Musafir' (traveler) refers to someone traveling over 80-90 km, who is allowed to break their fast and make up for it later.
• 😀 Sick individuals who cannot fast due to a condition like terminal illness or prolonged sickness are also exempt and may provide fidyah.
• 😀 Pregnant and breastfeeding women who fear harm to themselves or their child may also skip fasting and provide fidyah instead.
• 😀 The teacher concludes the lesson with apologies for any mistakes and offers further clarification through direct contact (WhatsApp or in person).

Q & A

What verses are being explained in the lesson?

The lesson explains Surah Al-Baqarah verses 183 and 184, which discuss the obligation of fasting in Ramadan and the rules related to those who are exempt.

According to the lesson, what does the phrase "Ya ayyuhalladzina amanu" indicate?

The phrase "Ya ayyuhalladzina amanu" (O you who believe) indicates that what follows is an important command or prohibition directed specifically to believers, often implying an obligation.

What is the meaning of the word "kutiba" in Surah Al-Baqarah 183?

The word "kutiba" means "it has been prescribed" or "it has been made obligatory," indicating that fasting is a mandatory act of worship.

Was fasting only prescribed for the followers of Prophet Muhammad?

No, fasting was also prescribed for previous nations before the followers of Prophet Muhammad, as mentioned in the verse "as it was prescribed for those before you."

What is the main purpose of fasting according to the explanation in the lesson?

The main purpose of fasting is to attain taqwa (God-consciousness) by controlling desires and preventing oneself from falling into sinful behavior.

What does "ayyam ma'dudat" mean in verse 184?

"Ayyam ma'dudat" means "a limited number of days," referring to the month of Ramadan, which is only one month in a year and therefore not burdensome compared to the entire year.

Who is considered a musafir (traveler) allowed to break their fast?

A musafir is someone traveling a distance that permits shortening prayers (approximately 80–90 kilometers). Such a person is allowed to postpone fasting and make it up later.

Who is categorized as sick (marid) and allowed not to fast?

A person who is seriously ill and whose recovery is uncertain or whose condition may worsen without eating or taking medication is allowed not to fast.

What is fidyah, and who is required to pay it?

Fidyah is a compensation in the form of feeding a poor person for each missed fast. It is required for those who are permanently unable to fast, such as the elderly or those with chronic illnesses.

What is the approximate amount of food required for fidyah?

The amount is approximately one "mud" of staple food per missed day, which is slightly less than one kilogram, based on the common staple food of the region.

How were the rules of fasting different in the early period of Islam?

In the early period of Islam, healthy individuals were given the choice between fasting and paying fidyah. Later, this ruling was abrogated, making fasting obligatory for those who are able.

What is the ruling for pregnant and breastfeeding women according to the explanation?

Pregnant and breastfeeding women who fear harm to their child may break their fast and compensate by paying fidyah.

Why is fasting described as better for believers?

Fasting is described as better because it strengthens self-control, increases spiritual awareness, and brings greater rewards if believers truly understand its wisdom.