Darimana ASAL BAHASA INDONESIA? Kenapa Dipilih Jadi Bahasa Pemersatu? Ditentang! |LearningByGoogling

Summary

This video explores the history and evolution of Bahasa Indonesia, tracing its roots back to Bahasa Melayu, which served as a lingua franca for trade in the Malay Archipelago. It highlights the role of language in the formation of Indonesian identity, particularly through the *Sumpah Pemuda* (Youth Pledge) in 1928, when Bahasa Indonesia was officially declared the national language. The script also delves into the diverse regional languages of Indonesia, their Austronesian origins, and how Bahasa Melayu influenced languages like Tagalog and Malagasy, solidifying its role as a unifying force in Indonesia's diverse cultural landscape.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Austronesian language family has the second-largest number of languages in the world, with over 1200 different languages, many of which are spoken by only a small number of people.
• 😀 Indonesia has over 700 regional languages, making it the second most linguistically diverse country in the world, behind Papua New Guinea.
• 😀 Historically, Indonesia consisted of smaller kingdoms and ethnic regions, each with their own local languages, before the formation of the modern state of Indonesia.
• 😀 The Malay language played a significant role as a lingua franca in Southeast Asia, especially for trade, long before becoming the basis for the national language of Indonesia.
• 😀 The Sumpah Pemuda (Youth Pledge) in 1928 marked the official adoption of Bahasa Indonesia as the national language, unifying diverse ethnic groups and their languages under one national identity.
• 😀 Many regional languages in Indonesia, such as Java, Bali, Aceh, and Madura, are part of the Austronesian language family, with Java being the most widely spoken regional language.
• 😀 The further east you go in Indonesia, the more language variations exist, but the number of speakers generally decreases, whereas in the west, fewer languages are spoken by more people.
• 😀 There are significant influences of Malay and Javanese on other Austronesian languages, such as Tagalog in the Philippines and Malagasy in Madagascar, through historical trade and migration.
• 😀 The influence of Sanskrit, Arabic, and Persian can be seen in the vocabulary of languages like Tagalog and Malagasy, demonstrating the wide-reaching impact of Malay and Javanese on regional languages.
• 😀 Bahasa Indonesia evolved from the Malay language, with adaptations and formalization during the colonial period, eventually becoming the official language after the Youth Pledge and independence in 1945.

Q & A

What is the significance of Bahasa Indonesia in the context of regional languages in Indonesia?

Bahasa Indonesia serves as the national language of Indonesia, uniting various ethnic and regional communities. While Indonesia has over 700 regional languages, Bahasa Indonesia acts as a common language, ensuring communication across diverse groups and fostering national identity.

Why is Bahasa Melayu historically important in the development of Bahasa Indonesia?

Bahasa Melayu was the precursor to Bahasa Indonesia. It played a key role as a lingua franca, especially in trade and communication across the Nusantara region. Its widespread use, particularly in the Malacca Strait region, influenced its adoption as the basis for the national language of Indonesia.

How did the colonial history of Indonesia affect the evolution of Bahasa Indonesia?

During the Dutch colonial era, Bahasa Melayu continued to develop and adapt to new systems of writing. The language was standardized and eventually transformed into Bahasa Indonesia. Despite the colonial influence, Bahasa Melayu’s role in trade and communication helped maintain its importance as a unifying language.

What was the role of the Sumpah Pemuda in the recognition of Bahasa Indonesia?

The Sumpah Pemuda, or Youth Pledge of 1928, was pivotal in declaring Bahasa Indonesia as the national language. It united Indonesian youth from various regions and backgrounds in their commitment to a single national language, despite initial resistance to using Bahasa Melayu as the foundation.

What makes the Austronesian language family significant in Indonesia?

The Austronesian language family is significant because most of Indonesia's regional languages belong to this group, which is the second-largest in terms of the number of languages worldwide. The family includes over 1,200 languages, contributing to Indonesia’s linguistic diversity.

Why do some regional languages in Indonesia have very few speakers left?

Many regional languages in Indonesia are considered endangered due to the dominance of Bahasa Indonesia, the national language. As people adopt Bahasa Indonesia for education, business, and government communication, the number of speakers of regional languages has dwindled, and some languages are at risk of extinction.

How did the influence of Islam and Arabic affect the development of Bahasa Melayu?

The arrival of Islam in the Nusantara region had a profound influence on Bahasa Melayu. The language incorporated Arabic vocabulary, especially in religious and cultural contexts. Later, the script used for writing Bahasa Melayu evolved from the Arabic-based Jawi script.

How does the distribution of regional languages vary across Indonesia?

In Indonesia, regional language variation increases as you move east, where there are many languages with fewer speakers. In contrast, the western part of the country has a higher concentration of languages with more speakers, reflecting historical and cultural influences in different regions.

How did the adoption of Bahasa Melayu as the lingua franca impact trade in Southeast Asia?

Bahasa Melayu became the primary language of trade and communication in the Southeast Asia region due to its widespread use in the Malacca Strait. This facilitated interaction between diverse groups and cultures, enhancing trade and making it easier for merchants and people from various backgrounds to communicate.

Why did the term 'Bahasa Indonesia' replace 'Bahasa Melayu' as the national language in the 1928 Youth Congress?

The change from 'Bahasa Melayu' to 'Bahasa Indonesia' was a compromise after some resistance to using Malay as the national language. The term 'Bahasa Indonesia' reflected the aspirations of the emerging Indonesian national identity, while still retaining much of its linguistic heritage from Malay.