Proses Ekstraksi Minyak Kemiri | Praktikum Kimia Dasar TIN Unpad

Summary

This video demonstrates the step-by-step extraction of candlenut (kemiri) oil using a Soxhlet apparatus followed by solvent removal with a rotary evaporator. It begins with preparing the sample in a filter paper thimble, securely tied to prevent leakage, then assembling the Soxhlet system with a boiling flask, extractor, and condenser properly connected for continuous reflux. The extraction process is monitored through multiple reflux cycles to ensure optimal oil recovery. Afterward, the extract undergoes evaporation under vacuum using a rotary evaporator, where controlled heating and rotation efficiently remove the solvent, leaving behind pure candlenut oil ready for storage.

Takeaways

• 😀 Proper preparation of materials is crucial for the extraction process, including tying the filter paper securely to prevent spills.
• 😀 The setup involves several essential pieces of equipment: string, filter paper, boiling flask, condenser, Soxhlet extractor, and candlenut (simplisia).
• 😀 The filter paper should be folded into a tube-like shape, ensuring the simplisia stays contained and doesn't leak during extraction.
• 😀 Once prepared, the filter paper with the simplisia is placed into the Soxhlet extractor for the extraction process to begin.
• 😀 The boiling flask should be placed at the bottom of the Soxhlet extractor setup, followed by the extractor, and the condenser at the top.
• 😀 Ensure the extraction system is stable and secure by using clamps, and connect water tubing to the condenser for proper cooling circulation.
• 😀 Begin the extraction process by heating the system using a heating mantel set at three-quarters full power. This will start the reflux process.
• 😀 Reflux happens when the solvent in the Soxhlet extractor exceeds its limit and falls back into the boiling flask for continued extraction.
• 😀 After extraction, transfer the liquid to a larger boiling flask for solvent evaporation using a rotary evaporator, adjusting the temperature to the solvent's boiling point.
• 😀 The rotary evaporator uses vacuum pressure to aid in solvent evaporation, making it more efficient and ensuring the oil is left behind.
• 😀 Once the solvent is fully evaporated, cool the system and collect the extracted candlenut oil for storage.

Q & A

What are the primary materials used for the extraction of candlenut oil?

The main materials used for the extraction of candlenut oil are string, filter paper, boiling flask, condenser, Soxhlet extractor, and candlenut simplicity.

How is the filter paper prepared for the extraction process?

The filter paper is folded into a tube shape, and the top is tied with string to prevent the simplicity from spilling out during the extraction process.

What is the purpose of using the Soxhlet extractor in this process?

The Soxhlet extractor is used to continuously extract oil from the candlenut simplicity by allowing the solvent to repeatedly pass through the material.

What should be ensured when setting up the Soxhlet extractor?

It is important to ensure that the instruments are stable and not shaking. The extractor should be correctly assembled, with the boiling flask at the bottom, the Soxhlet extractor in the middle, and the condenser on top.

Why is it necessary to connect the water inlet and outlet to the condenser?

The water inlet should be connected to the bottom of the condenser, while the outlet should be at the top. This ensures that the water is evenly distributed within the condenser for efficient cooling.

What happens during the reflux process in Soxhlet extraction?

During reflux, the solvent reaches its limit in the Soxhlet extractor, and it falls back into the boiling flask, continuing the extraction process.

What is the role of the rotary evaporator in the oil extraction process?

The rotary evaporator is used to evaporate the solvent after Soxhlet extraction by creating a vacuum and increasing the surface area, which allows the solvent to evaporate efficiently and condense into a separate flask.

How is the vacuum condition achieved in the rotary evaporator?

The vacuum condition is created by using a vacuum pump, which reduces the pressure in the system, allowing the solvent to evaporate at a lower temperature.

What happens when the solvent reaches its boiling point in the rotary evaporator?

When the solvent reaches its boiling point in the rotary evaporator, it begins to evaporate and collect in the condenser, where it changes from gas to liquid form.

What should be done once the solvent has completely evaporated in the rotary evaporator?

Once the solvent has completely evaporated, the rotary evaporator should be turned off, and the receiving flask with the condensed solvent should be removed. Allow the temperature to cool before removing the boiling flask.