Gender, Socioeconomic, and Cultural Attributes of the Learner

Summary

The video script delves into gender differences in cognitive abilities and educational performance, emphasizing the need for gender equality in opportunities. It also explores the impact of socioeconomic status on health and the importance of cultural competence in healthcare, discussing various cultural groups' health beliefs and practices. The narrative highlights the significance of understanding and respecting these differences for effective patient care and teaching.

Takeaways

• 🧬 Individual differences within genders are often greater than differences between males and females, highlighting the complexity of gender characteristics.
• 🧠 Both genetic and environmental factors interact to influence brain structure and functioning in males and females, affecting cognitive abilities and affective responses.
• 📚 Girls tend to perform better in spelling and grammar, while boys may show strengths in mathematical reasoning, indicating gender-related differences in academic performance.
• 🏆 Girls generally have more stable scholastic performance than boys, especially at the elementary school level, suggesting differences in educational achievement and motivation.
• 🤝 Socio-emotional skills and achievement motivation differ between genders, with girls showing more social skills and boys more inclined towards competitive activities.
• 🌐 Socioeconomic status significantly impacts health and education, with variables such as education level and family income affecting health beliefs and practices.
• 🏥 The cost of healthcare can adversely affect individuals' financial well-being, particularly for those with lower socioeconomic status, emphasizing the need for accessible healthcare.
• 🌟 Cultural understanding is crucial in healthcare and education, requiring professionals to assess and respect health beliefs, values, and practices of different cultures.
• 🌱 Stereotypes and biases can influence healthcare professionals' practices, potentially leading to negative consequences for patients, underscoring the importance of cultural competence.
• 🌈 Promoting diversity and inclusivity in healthcare and education involves creating welcoming environments, avoiding assumptions, and adjusting practices to be more inclusive.
• 📈 Increasing minority representation in nursing and other professions is essential for better reflecting the diverse population and improving healthcare outcomes.

Q & A

What are some of the key gender differences mentioned in the script regarding cognitive abilities and school achievement?

The script mentions that girls tend to perform better on tests of spelling and grammar, while boys show signs of excellence in mathematical reasoning. On average, girls get better grades than boys, especially at the elementary school level, and their scholastic performance is more stable.

How does the script describe the impact of sex role expectations on gender-related behaviors?

The script suggests that sex role expectations, which are strongly communicated from an early age, influence the types of activities that males and females are more likely to excel in and express motivation for, such as social skills and relations for females, and intellectual or competitive activities for males.

What is the definition of gender equality as presented in the script?

Gender equality is defined as a state where people of all genders have equal rights, responsibilities, and opportunities.

Why is it important for teaching methods to be inclusive of various genders?

Inclusive teaching methods are important to create a welcoming environment for all, avoid making assumptions about individuals' family structures or lifestyles, and to adjust intake forms to be more inclusive, ensuring that all students feel represented and valued.

How does socioeconomic status impact health and educational outcomes according to the script?

Socioeconomic status is identified as a significant determinant of physical and mental health, affecting health beliefs, practices, and readiness to learn. Lower education levels can result in lower-paying jobs, which in turn can affect one's ability to prevent illness, comply with treatment, and stay motivated to learn.

What are some of the cultural health beliefs and practices mentioned in the script for different ethnic groups?

The script mentions various cultural health beliefs and practices such as the use of herbs, teas, and home remedies in Hispanic culture; the belief in spirits and voodoo in Black American culture; and the concepts of yin and yang, as well as the belief in spirits of dead relatives or animals in Asian Pacific Islander cultures.

How should healthcare professionals approach patients from diverse cultural backgrounds according to the script?

Healthcare professionals should be aware of and respect patients' cultural customs, beliefs, and lifestyles, and be willing to adapt their practices to accommodate these cultural differences.

What are some of the specific guidelines for assessment provided by the script to understand patients from different cultural orientations?

The guidelines include observing patient and family interactions, actively listening to the patient, considering communication skills and patterns, exploring customs or taboos, determining the notion of time, and being aware of the use of interaction to approach the patient with respect.

How does the script address the issue of stereotypes and implicit biases in healthcare practice?

The script highlights the importance of recognizing and overcoming stereotypes and implicit biases to avoid negative impacts on patient care, emphasizing the need for healthcare professionals to provide treatment based on individual needs rather than preconceived notions.

What is the role of educators in implementing successful teaching interventions according to cultural beliefs, as mentioned in the script?

Educators should use universal skills and active listening to assess problems, guide, help, and accept the client's explanation in a non-judgmental manner, while also being aware of and respecting the health beliefs, values, and practices of different cultures.

What is the script's perspective on the importance of cultural competence in nursing education and practice?

The script emphasizes that cultural competence is crucial for nursing education and practice, as it helps in understanding the cultural characteristics of patients and families, improving relationships, and providing effective care in a multicultural environment.

Outlines

00:00

🧠 Gender Differences and Socioeconomic Impacts on Health and Education

This paragraph discusses the greater individual differences within genders compared to between them, highlighting the influence of genetics and environment on gender characteristics. It touches on cognitive abilities and affective responses, noting that girls tend to perform better in school, especially in elementary levels, while boys show strengths in mathematical reasoning. The paragraph also addresses gender-related personality behaviors and the importance of gender equality in rights and opportunities. It further explores the impact of socioeconomic status on health and education, emphasizing that low socioeconomic variables can affect health beliefs, practices, and readiness to learn, as well as the cost of medical care.

05:03

🌐 Cultural Sensitivity in Health Education and Assessment

The second paragraph emphasizes the importance of understanding cultural beliefs, opinions, and traditions in health education and assessment. It underlines the necessity of active listening and non-judgmental communication to guide and accept clients' explanations. The text also discusses the role of educators in implementing successful teaching interventions using universal skills. It provides guidelines for assessment that should be used regardless of the client's cultural orientation, such as observing patient interactions, considering communication skills, and being aware of the patient's notion of time. The paragraph concludes by stating that assessment is a crucial component of the teaching process.

10:03

🌟 Preparing for Diversity in Healthcare and Cultural Competence

This paragraph focuses on the importance of preparing nurses for diversity in care and the need for a culturally informed approach in healthcare. It discusses the potential benefits of diversity for the nursing profession, such as increased organizational effectiveness and enhanced productivity. The text calls for an increase in minority representation in nursing and the recruitment of more minority students and faculty. It also stresses the need for innovative nursing education that incorporates social values and acknowledges multicultural perspectives. The paragraph concludes by reviewing the beliefs and health practices of four major cultural groups in the U.S., emphasizing the need for medical technologists to be aware of and adapt to clients' customs and beliefs.

15:05

🌿 Health Beliefs and Practices of Hispanic and Black Americans

The fourth paragraph delves into the health beliefs and practices of Hispanic and Black Americans, noting the prevalence of certain health issues within these communities. It describes common practices such as the use of herbs, teas, and home remedies, as well as beliefs in diseases of hot and cold, and the cure through balancing these elements. The paragraph also touches on the cultural origins and heritage of Black Americans, discussing their strong religious values and beliefs in practices like voodoo. It highlights the importance of understanding these cultural aspects to address health issues effectively.

20:05

🙏 Beliefs and Practices in Asian and Pacific Islander Health Cultures

This paragraph explores the health beliefs and practices of Asian and Pacific Islanders, influenced by philosophies such as Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism. It explains the concept of suffering in Buddhist philosophy and the importance of moral personality in Confucianism. The text also discusses the belief in yin and yang, the balance of opposing forces for good health, and the practice of offering and rituals to rid bad spirits or 'fee'. The paragraph concludes by addressing the challenge for healthcare practitioners to integrate Western medicine with traditional non-Western tribal folk medicine.

25:05

🏥 The Impact of Stereotypes on Healthcare Practice

The final paragraph presents a scenario involving a patient named Angie Davidson, who is homeless and diabetic, and a healthcare professional's interaction with her. It highlights the importance of healthcare professionals understanding the impact of stereotypes and implicit biases on their practice. The text emphasizes the critical need for healthcare providers to be aware of their patients' medical history to provide better treatment and avoid life-threatening consequences due to oversight or prejudice.

Keywords

💡Individual Differences

Individual differences refer to the unique attributes, behaviors, and characteristics that distinguish one person from another within a group. In the context of the video, it highlights that the variations among males and females within the same sex are generally greater than the differences between males and females as a whole. This concept is crucial for understanding the diversity within genders and the importance of not generalizing based on sex.

💡Gender Characteristics

Gender characteristics are the traits, behaviors, and roles that are socially and culturally associated with being male or female. The video script discusses how these characteristics include a complex interaction of genetics and environment, brain structure and functioning, and cognitive abilities. They play a significant role in shaping how individuals perceive and interact with the world around them.

💡Cognitive Processing

Cognitive processing encompasses the mental operations involved in thinking, such as perception, memory, attention, and problem-solving. The script mentions cognitive processing in relation to gender differences, suggesting that the way males and females process information can vary, which is an important aspect of understanding individual capabilities and educational strategies.

💡Socioeconomic Status

Socioeconomic status (SES) is a measure of an individual's or family's economic and social position in relation to others. It is determined by factors such as income, education, and occupation. The video emphasizes SES as a critical determinant of health, affecting access to care, health practices, and overall well-being. It illustrates the importance of considering SES in healthcare and educational interventions.

💡Health Beliefs

Health beliefs are the perceptions, values, and attitudes that individuals hold about health, illness, and healthcare practices. The script discusses how understanding a patient's health beliefs is essential for effective healthcare delivery, as it influences their decisions about treatment and lifestyle choices.

💡Cultural Diversity

Cultural diversity refers to the variety of cultural backgrounds, beliefs, and practices within a group or society. The video script highlights the importance of recognizing and respecting cultural diversity in healthcare and education to ensure inclusive and effective practices that cater to the needs of diverse populations.

💡Gender Equality

Gender equality is the state of equal rights, responsibilities, and opportunities for all genders. The video script advocates for gender equality by emphasizing the need to create an inclusive environment and avoid assumptions based on gender, which is integral to fostering a fair and just society.

💡Achievement Motivation

Achievement motivation is the drive to surpass a standard of excellence. The script contrasts the types of achievement motivation expressed by different genders, noting that females may excel in social skills and relations, while males may be more inclined toward intellectual or competitive activities. This concept is important for understanding gender-based approaches to motivation and success.

💡Cultural Assessment

Cultural assessment is the process of evaluating a patient's cultural background to understand their health beliefs, values, and practices. The video script outlines specific guidelines for cultural assessment, emphasizing the importance of active listening, observing interactions, and respecting cultural differences in healthcare.

💡Healthcare Disparities

Healthcare disparities refer to the differences in the quality of healthcare received by different population groups. The script touches on healthcare disparities in the context of socioeconomic status and cultural differences, highlighting the need for healthcare professionals to be aware of and address these disparities to ensure equitable care.

💡Implicit Bias

Implicit bias refers to the unconscious attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding, actions, and decisions. The video script warns about the impact of implicit bias in healthcare, showing how even small biases can have significant consequences for patient care and outcomes.

Highlights

Individual differences within genders are generally greater than differences between males and females.

Gender characteristics are influenced by the interaction of genetics and environment, including brain structure and functioning.

Affective responses and cognitive processing differ between males and females, affecting abilities such as intelligence, verbal and mathematical skills.

Girls tend to perform better on spelling and grammar tests than boys.

Boys show signs of excelling in mathematical reasoning by the end of elementary school.

Girls generally have more stable scholastic performance than boys at the elementary school level.

Socioeconomic status is a significant determinant of physical and mental health, affecting health beliefs and practices.

Educational level, family income, occupation, and family structure are key socioeconomic variables impacting health.

Cultural beliefs, values, and practices play a crucial role in health and should be considered in teaching interventions.

Effective teaching requires understanding and respecting cultural differences and implementing universal skills.

Assessment in health care should consider cultural orientation and involve active listening to the patient's needs.

Healthcare professionals must be aware of and adapt to the cultural characteristics and beliefs of different ethnic groups.

Hispanic health beliefs include the use of home remedies and the concept of diseases caused by hot and cold imbalances.

Black Americans may view higher body weight positively and have strong religious values influencing health practices.

Asian Pacific Islanders have beliefs rooted in Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism, affecting their health practices.

American Indians may still practice witchcraft and require incorporating spiritual beliefs into their healthcare.

Stereotypes and biases can impact healthcare professionals' practice and patient outcomes.

Healthcare professionals must be prepared to manage diversity within the workforce and provide culturally informed care.

Increasing minority representation in nursing is a goal for enhancing diversity and inclusivity in healthcare.

Transcripts

individual differences within groups of

males and females are generally greater

versus between the sexes

other gender characteristics include

interaction of genetics and environment

brain structure and brain functioning in

males and females

affective responses cognitive processing

and gender related cognitive abilities

such as general intelligence verbal

ability

mathematical ability spatial ability

problem solving and school achievement

and here are how things and females

differ from each other

but are still the same human beings

my brains are likely to hurt that's okay

i have more

[Music]

it girls and do consistently better on

tests of

spelling and grammar than boys

let's hear who we read

and there was

by the end of elementary school however

boys show signs of excellent and

mathematical reasoning

without exception girls get better

grades on average

than boys particularly at the elementary

school level

scholastic performance of girls is more

stable

and less fluctuating than that of voice

[Music]

are more likely to express achievement

motivation

in social skills and social relations

whereas men are more likely to try to

succeed

in intellectual or competitive

activities

like this voice playing competitively in

basketball

this difference is thought to be due to

sex

role expectations that are strongly

communicated at very early ages

these are the gender related personality

behaviors

which also include aggression conformity

and dependence

emotional adjustment values and life

goals

achievement orientation gender gap and

gender bias

[Music]

gender equality is when people of all

genders

have equal rights responsibilities and

opportunities

just like this group of friends

[Music]

foreign

[Music]

a good teaching method in a variety of

genders

must include number one create an

environment

welcoming to all men and women secondly

avoid making assumptions about family

structure

sexual preference or lifestyle and

lastly

adjust admission or intake forms to be

more inclusive

socioeconomic status is the most

important determinant of

physical and mental health in our

society

socioeconomic variables such as

educational level family income

occupation and family structure

affect health beliefs health practices

and readiness to learn low education

levels results in occupations with lower

levels of pay

prestige and intellectual demand

this does not allow one to easily change

a pattern of life

lack of financial sources has a negative

impact on prevention of illness

compliance with treatment and motivation

to learn

the cost of medical care and supplies

can negatively

impact a person's or family's financial

well-being

especially if social economic level is

already low the good thing is that

feel healthy

occupation of parents income of family

location of residence and educational

level of parents

are the types of indices for the

measurement

of social class

[Music]

general assessment and teaching

interventions is all about understanding

every beliefs

opinions and traditions in every culture

and how it works for us all in general

see we all have different understanding

when it comes to

health that's why according to the book

the role

of educator must implement successful

teaching interventions using universal

skills and also active listening

to assess the problem because you are

not only teaching and assessing a

specific group of people

also it requires an active listening

skills in order for

you to guide help and accept

the client's explanation in a

non-judgmental manner

according to the book assessment should

attempt to determine

health beliefs values and practices

that's because some of us

have traditions that we need to follow

like ethnic groups a culture has a great

influence on health problems

and understands what their ways of

treatments that is why assessment is

very important to plan an action for

some behavioral change

for example there are some culture that

believe

that if a person shows no symptoms of

illness

then he or she is not ill

now we all know that there are some

diseases that are

asymptomatic or shows no symptoms

that belief or that belief could be a

problem and

can cause multiple death i have a

scenario

there's been an accident where the

motorcycle

rider crashed and is badly wounded

let's say his life is at that door

the rider was brought to the hospital

and the doctor decided to do

mercy killing since the patient has no

chance of

living just to end his painful suffering

and that and the fast forward and the

doctor did what's best

with the family's consent now some

people would not understood

what the doctor did most of the people

will say

he or she would have treated the writer

without knowing that

it's what's best for him that's why in

general

we must be ready to learn and to be

assessed

according to sir anderson 1987

specific guidelines for assessment

should be used

regardless of the particular cultural

orientation of

the client number one observe the

interactions between patients

and family members and among family

members

you should know who is the decision

maker

and what is important to the patients

and family

that includes how they want you to treat

their patient number two listen to the

patient

listening to the patient is a good way

of communication

you will know what the patient wants

three consider

communication skills and patterns

sometimes

non-verbal behavior they do are normal

for them

but in another way can offend you

choose to understand the situation or

explore costumes or taboos

explore and ask with restrictions you

may ask too much

that can affect them there may be a

provision

to the treatment with regards to social

or their religious customs of their

family

5. determine the notion of time

be aware of the patient and its family's

special time

and lastly number six be aware of use

for interaction determine when to

approach

and how to approach with respect

that way you can comfortably address a

person

with comfort security these guidelines

will help you become

effective not only as a health care

worker

but also a teacher

guidelines for assessments

[Music]

assessment is a component of the

teaching process

that attempts to determine health

beliefs

values and practices to understand

problems

how are we sure that the assessments are

used correctly

regardless of the cultural orientation

well we know more because it is easily

attainable

by respecting each other's cultural

differences

and by following the specific guidelines

for assessment

[Music]

determine who makes the decisions how

decisions are made

who is the primary caregiver what type

of care is given

and what foods and other objects are

important to the patient

and family find out what the patient

wants how do patients once differ from

what the family wants

and they differ from what you think is

appropriate

be aware of non-verbal behaviors and

etiquettes of interaction

that may be acceptable or unacceptable

to the patient

and family the patient's primary

language

which may be different from your own and

manners of speaking like

rate of speech expressions used

that can enhance or hinder the

understanding

observe behaviors and ask to clarify

beliefs

and practices that may restrict care or

treatment

become oriented to the patients and

family's sense of time

and importance of time frames

determine which approaches are

appropriate for patients and families

with respect to how to comfortably

address the person

with whom you are interacting and the

symbolic objects are the activities that

provide

comfort and security

[Music]

preparing nurses for diversity care

delivering the appropriate chapter today

and in the future

will depend on use of a culturally

informed approach that goes beyond

simple language sensation

and an understanding of the

characteristics of different cultures

the nursing profession must be prepared

to establish a new paradigm

for creating and managing diversity

within our workforce

as well as putting a new hardware

marketplace consisting of consumers and

staff from multicultural backgrounds

diversity has the potential to

positively affect

our profession by increasing

organizational effectiveness

creating greater access to care lifting

more our patients and staff

and enhancing productivity in the

workforce

[Music]

in this new century our goal is to

increase minority representation in

nursing

we need to recruit and retain more

minority students and faculty

to expand diversity within us the

nursing workforce

compromises less than 10 percent of

people from minority groups

whereas more than 28 of the total u.s

population

belongs to a variety of cultural

subgroups

innovative nursing education means

incorporating social values that

recognize diverse lifestyles

and acknowledge multicultural and

multi-racial

perspectives as trevor points out

narcissists not only better understand

the cultural characteristics and traits

of patients and families from different

ethnic backgrounds

but also improve the relationship

between nurses and clients from

different cultural backgrounds

jarrar aptly states the transcending

cultural differences

is more than an appreciation of cultural

it is transcending one's own investment

in the social and economic system

as long as it ends

as caregivers we must learn how to

relate to people

both patients healthcare practitioners

show a variety of cultural backgrounds

and discover the cultural meaning

of various health events

there were hundreds of subgroups in the

us and many more worldwide

the following is a review of the beliefs

and health practices of the four major

cultural groups

hispanics blacks asian pacific islanders

and american indians

in this matter medical technologists

must be aware of clients customs beliefs

and lifestyles and be willing to take

the responsibility

for making adaptations in the

institutional

environment

[Music]

the term hispanic is used to label this

heterogeneous group of americans with

varied backgrounds in culture and

heritage

they are disproportionately affected by

certain cancers

alcoholism drug abuse obesity

hypertension diabetes adolescent

pregnancy dental disease and hiv aids

[Music]

health beliefs and practices stress

exotic

folklore practices such as

herbs teas

home remedies and

over the counter drugs these things are

for treating symptoms of acute and

chronic illnesses

diseases of hot and cold believed to be

due to an imbalance intake of

foods or ingestion of foods

cold air was thought to lead to joint

pain in a cold womb

while heating or chilling was the cure

for parts of the body

afflicted by disease

this location of internal organs used by

massage or

physical manipulation of the body

magical origin caused by mal oho or evil

eye

a disorder of infants and children as a

result of a woman's

looking admiringly at someone else's

child

without touching the child resulting in

crying

fit for sleep diarrhea vomiting and

fever

[Music]

disease of emotional origin attributed

to sudden

or belong terror

teaching strategies includes proved to

be successful

if cultural beliefs were observed

educator was first introduced by an

individual accepted

and respected by the learners if family

members were included

and community was encouraged to take

responsibility for resolving the health

problems disease

the cultural origins and heritage of

black americans are quite diverse

the roots mainly from africa and

caribbean islands

the increase of exposure to hazardous

working constitutions

has resulted in a greater incidence of

occupation-related diseases

and illnesses

[Music]

another major problem

[Music]

food to them symbolizes health and

wealth

so a higher than ideal body weight is

viewed as positive by this ethnic group

[Music]

black americans believe system

emphasizes three major themes

the world is a hostile and dangerous

place to live

the individual is vulnerable to attack

from external forces

and the individual is considered

helpless with few internal resources to

combat adversity

black people often have strong religious

values

and these religious beliefs may extend

to their feelings about illness

and health practice called voodoo

it consists of beliefs about spirits

inhabiting the world

all animate and inanimate objects of

good or evil spirits

a religious priest with dr medicine man

has the power to appease or release

hostile spirits

[Music]

in the decades following political and

social upheavals in southeast asia

almost three-quarters of a million

people of asian pacific islander origin

immigrated into the united states the

medical system of this cultural group

needs to be understood to successfully

deal with their health

issues

[Music]

buddhism confucianism

taoism and fee

a fundamental belief is that all

existence

is suffering according to the buddhist

philosophy

no humans are limited to a single

existence

terminating in death

confucianism has a concept of the moral

personality that is focused

tawism has its roots in the two opposite

magical forces

in nature the yin negative and the young

positive the idea of a good health

depends on the balance between

hot and cold fee is a belief

in the spirits of dead relatives or the

spirits of animals

in nature belief that if a bad fee

happens in the atmosphere it can result

in illness or death

offerings are made and special rights

are performed to

rid the person of a bad fee

[Music]

the current challenge to health care

practitioners

is to integrate western medicine with

traditional non-western tribal folk

medicine

to provide cross-cultural health

education

to native americans in reservation-based

communities

across the nation

[Music]

so

when someone's ill witchcraft is still

performed by some tribes

some beliefs require incorporating the

medicine

mind into the system of care given to

[Music]

patients

[Music]

let's take a look at my brother here

jeremy lin basketball's favorite

underdog story

his story celebrates his accomplishments

through the

lens of his culture groups that didn't

really happen to any of the other famous

basketball players did it

now it may seem charisable to promote

jeremy lin's heritage as the key to his

success

thus extending praise of lin to the

entire asian community

this story has a dark side to it asians

are

often thought as the model minority in

places such as new zealand

smart hard-working obedience and humble

but all these positive stereotypes have

been

invoked to explain his success on core

his intelligence is frequently noted

and you'd get people like on espn's uh

hubie brown

talking about some sort of high

basketball iq or something like that

[Music]

hey what you doing i'm just getting a

bunch of meds ready for my patients i've

got a bunch of patients right now lots

to do are you really busy right now

no i just got back from break i was

wondering then if you're not too busy if

you could just go check there's a

patient that's been waiting out

in the emergency waiting room for a

little while there and if you could just

go check on her that would be great

yeah sure all right thank you

hi hi what's your name

um last name's davidson davidson yeah

yeah angie

angie davidson how are you doing are you

i'm i'm not doing very well

um i'm really dizzy right now

and i'm really having difficulties just

focusing on things

and walking and just getting here and

i've been really sick

the last few days i've been throwing up

a lot

and i'm so thirsty and i'm just

so confused right now okay do it alone

is there anybody at home i can call

um no i live on the street

so there's no one to call but

but i came here i mean yeah okay i'll be

back

thank you hurry

hey how's it going hey good yeah

um i'm just wondering did you that

patient out in the emergency area did

you check on them earlier

oh yeah okay um i just i was just out

there and they don't look like they're

doing so well

yeah they're they're homeless and

they're just drunk

have they seen anyone yet um yeah i went

out there and i said hi to her she just

looks difficult she's so strong

okay um because in your patients chart

if you

looked in the chart you would realize

that your patient's a diabetic

oh oh i i didn't know that

so you can provide better treatment for

your patients

it is critical for healthcare

professionals to understand how

stereotypes can

impact their practice even small

implicit biases can have large

consequences for patients

and can lead to life or death situations