Periodisasi Pemberlakuan UUD di Indonesia

Summary

The video explores the stages of constitutional development in Indonesia, detailing the evolution from the 1945 Constitution through the 1949 RIS Constitution, the 1950 temporary constitution, and the return to the 1945 Constitution in 1959. It highlights key events such as the formation of state institutions, the transfer of sovereignty, political turmoil, and the challenges of democratic governance. The narrative emphasizes the role of leaders like Soekarno and Hatta, the establishment of parliamentary and presidential systems, and the importance of constitutional law in shaping Indonesia's democracy. Lessons include the necessity of government oversight to prevent arbitrary power and maintain political stability.

Takeaways

• 😀 The UD 1945 Constitution was Indonesia's first written constitution, enacted on August 18, 1945, marking the beginning of constitutional democracy in the country.
• 😀 The UD 1945 Constitution was initially considered temporary and incomplete, as it was created under urgent circumstances, mainly to solidify Indonesia’s sovereignty and independence.
• 😀 The BPUPK (Indonesian Preparatory Committee for Independence) played a pivotal role in drafting the UD 1945, with key contributions from figures like Muhammad Yamin and Soekarno.
• 😀 The UD 1945 was divided into three parts: Preamble (Opening), Body (15 chapters, 36 articles), and Closing (Chapter 16, Article 37 on amendments).
• 😀 Despite being temporary, the UD 1945 was legally binding and set the foundation for Indonesia's government structure, including the roles of the President and Vice President.
• 😀 The period of UD RIS (1949–1950) saw Indonesia shift to a federal state with a parliamentary system, reflecting the country's evolving governance structure after gaining sovereignty from the Netherlands.
• 😀 The UD RIS established Indonesia as a federal state with a parliamentary government, but the form of government was later revised to a unitary state after public demand for unity.
• 😀 The Temporary Constitution (UDS 1950–1959) was enacted to govern Indonesia until a permanent constitution could be drafted, but it faced political instability with seven cabinet changes.
• 😀 In 1959, the failure of the Constituent Assembly to draft a permanent constitution led to Soekarno's Presidential Decree, reinstating the UD 1945 and disbanding the Assembly.
• 😀 The return to UD 1945 in 1959 marked a period of full democratic indicators in Indonesia, including accountable governance, functioning mass media, political freedom, and decentralization of power.

Q & A

What were the stages of constitutional development in Indonesia?

The stages of constitutional development in Indonesia can be grouped into several periods: the UD 1945, the 1949 Constitution, the UD 1950, and the subsequent amendments to the UD 1945, which were implemented after 1999.

What was the significance of the UD 1945 Constitution?

The UD 1945 Constitution, enacted on August 18, 1945, marked the first written constitution of Indonesia. It laid the foundation for constitutional democracy, although it was initially considered temporary due to its incompleteness and the context of the country's independence struggle.

Why was the UD 1945 Constitution considered temporary?

The UD 1945 Constitution was considered temporary because it was drafted quickly to meet the urgent needs of the newly independent nation. It was believed to be incomplete, and as such, it was understood to be a provisional document until a more permanent constitution could be established.

What role did Muhammad Yamin and Soekarno play in the drafting of the UD 1945?

Muhammad Yamin proposed the principle of 'Pri Rakyat' (People's sovereignty), while Soekarno advocated for consensus-based democracy. Both of them contributed significantly to shaping Indonesia's early commitment to democratic governance.

What were the main sections of the UD 1945 Constitution?

The UD 1945 Constitution consisted of three main parts: a preamble (opening part), the body (15 chapters with 36 articles), and the closing section, which included transitional rules and a process for amendments.

How did the Indonesian government organize itself after the enactment of the UD 1945?

After the UD 1945 was enacted, the Indonesian government was structured with the President and Vice President at the top, along with a series of state apparatus such as the People's Security Agency (BKR) and the Central Indonesian National Committee (KNIP), which handled legislative functions.

What were the main amendments made to the UD 1945 Constitution during the period after its initial enactment?

The amendments made to the UD 1945 Constitution were mostly minor and focused on terminology changes such as renaming 'basic law' to 'constitutional law,' and introducing provisions for constitutional amendments, which were previously absent.

What were the key events that occurred on December 27, 1949, in relation to the Indonesian Constitution?

On December 27, 1949, significant events included the transfer of sovereignty from the Dutch Kingdom to Indonesia, the recognition of the Republic of Indonesia's sovereignty, and the transfer of power from Dutch representatives to Indonesian officials.

What was the purpose of the 1950 Temporary Constitution?

The 1950 Temporary Constitution was designed as a temporary legal framework, awaiting the creation of a permanent constitution. It was introduced after Indonesia transitioned to a unitary state and away from a federal system under the Dutch-influenced RIS Constitution.

What led to the return to the UD 1945 Constitution in 1959?

The return to the UD 1945 Constitution in 1959 was prompted by political instability, including frequent cabinet changes and a failed effort to draft a permanent constitution. On July 5, 1959, President Soekarno issued a Presidential Decree re-enacting the UD 1945 and dissolving the Constituent Assembly.

What lessons can be learned from Indonesia's constitutional periods as described in the script?

A key lesson is the importance of government control and accountability. Without proper control, power can become arbitrary and unchecked, leading to instability and dissatisfaction among the populace.