PKN Kelas XI - BAB 2. A. Periodisasi pemberlakuan konstitusi di Indonesia

Summary

This video explores the evolution of Indonesia’s democratic system, tracing the history from the 1945 Constitution to the present. It covers key constitutional shifts, such as the transition from the 1945 Constitution to the RIS and the Provisional Constitution, highlighting democratic indicators like accountability, leadership rotation, and open political recruitment. It also examines the challenges faced during these periods, including political instability and the struggle to implement democratic principles fully. The video delves into Indonesia’s journey of balancing democratic ideals with the realities of governance and national unity.

Takeaways

• 😀 The 1945 Constitution of Indonesia marked the beginning of constitutional democracy in the country, though it was initially considered temporary due to its limitations and context at the time.
• 😀 Indonesia’s journey to democracy involved a long process of deliberation, debates, and the setting aside of personal and group interests to reach a common agreement on governance.
• 😀 Four key provisions in Indonesia's constitutions emphasize sovereignty in the hands of the people, with each amendment refining how this sovereignty is exercised by different branches of government.
• 😀 Five indicators of a functioning democracy in Indonesia include: accountability, rotation of power, open political recruitment, general elections, and the fulfillment of basic rights such as freedom of expression and the press.
• 😀 The historical flow of democracy in Indonesia can be traced through different periods, such as parliamentary democracy (1945-1959), guided democracy (1959-1965), Pancasila democracy (New Order era), and reform democracy post-1998.
• 😀 During the 1945-1949 period, Indonesia's focus was on independence and sovereignty, with the implementation of constitutional democracy beginning under the 1945 Constitution, despite its imperfections.
• 😀 The Provisional Constitution of 1950 (UDS) was designed as a temporary measure while awaiting the creation of a permanent constitution, which would replace the 1945 Constitution.
• 😀 The return to the 1945 Constitution in 1959 was triggered by political instability, as the Constituent Assembly failed to draft a new permanent constitution, leading to Soekarno's presidential decree.
• 😀 The 1950 Constitution established a parliamentary system, but due to political turmoil and a lack of stability, Indonesia returned to the unitary state and the 1945 Constitution for a more effective governance framework.
• 😀 Key lessons from this historical period highlight the importance of government control to prevent unchecked and arbitrary power, as well as the need for stable political institutions to ensure democratic continuity.

Q & A

What was the process like before the ratification of the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia?

Before the 1945 Constitution was ratified, there were many differences of opinion and heated debates. However, through wisdom and mutual deliberation, the parties involved put aside personal and group interests to reach a final agreement.

What does the 1945 Constitution say about sovereignty in Indonesia?

Article 1, Paragraph 2 of the 1945 Constitution initially stated that sovereignty was in the hands of the people and exercised entirely by the People's Consultative Assembly. After amendments, it was stated that sovereignty is still in the hands of the people, but carried out according to the 3rd Constitution.

What are the key indicators of democracy according to Afan Gafar?

The key indicators of democracy include accountability, rotation of power, open political recruitment, general elections, and fulfillment of basic rights, such as the right to express opinions, associate, assemble, and enjoy a free press.

Has Indonesia truly implemented a democratic system based on its historical constitutions?

Indonesia has adhered to democratic principles throughout its various constitutions, but the actual implementation of democracy has evolved over time, with certain periods witnessing more robust democratic practices than others.

What was the democratic system like during the Parliamentary Democracy period (1945-1959)?

During this period, Indonesia saw the emergence of democratic practices such as the formation of political parties, the establishment of the People's Representative Council (DPR), and regular elections. However, political instability led to challenges in fully realizing democracy.

What does 'guided democracy' mean, and when did it occur in Indonesia?

'Guided democracy' refers to a period from 1959-1965, where Soekarno emphasized strong central authority and reduced the role of political parties in favor of a more controlled political system, which weakened democratic practices.

Why was the 1950 Constitution considered temporary?

The 1950 Constitution was considered temporary because it was designed as a provisional framework until the Constituent Assembly could draft a permanent constitution for Indonesia, following the general elections.

What led to the return of the 1945 Constitution in 1959?

In 1959, due to political instability, the failure of the Constituent Assembly to reach a consensus, and the growing desire to return to a unitary state, Soekarno issued a Presidential Decree that reinstated the 1945 Constitution, effectively ending the 1950 Constitution.

What role did political parties play during the 1950-1959 period?

During the 1950-1959 period, political parties played a crucial role in shaping Indonesia's political landscape. However, the instability caused by frequent cabinet changes led to dissatisfaction among the people and local governments.

What lessons can be learned from the period of political instability in the 1950s?

One key lesson is the importance of government control. Without adequate checks and balances, political power can become unchecked and arbitrary, leading to instability and dissatisfaction among the public.