第一代农民工：被国家抛弃的人｜农民工｜进城务工｜社保｜医保｜老无所依｜抛弃｜贫困的遗传｜王局拍案20230706

Summary

本文讲述了中国第一代农民工的辛酸故事。他们为城市的繁荣贡献了青春和汗水，却因年龄增长被限制在工地工作，面临失业和贫困。农民工冯碧全因找不到工作而被迫住在山洞，反映了农民工在城市中的边缘地位和返乡后的困境。文章通过调查揭示了农民工群体普遍缺乏储蓄、医疗保障和养老支持，呼吁社会和政府关注并解决他们的困境，打破贫困代际传递的循环。

Takeaways

• 🏘️ 冯碧全，一位62岁的四川小岩村村民，因无家可归而住在山洞里，反映了第一代农民工的困境。
• 📰 冯碧全的故事在中国新闻中引起关注，揭示了农民工在城市化进程中被边缘化的现实。
• 🧱 农民工在城市从事重体力劳动，如建筑工地工作，但随着年龄增长，他们被迫转行或失业。
• 🚫 地方政府出台政策限制60岁以上农民工在建筑工地工作，出于安全考虑，但也导致他们就业机会减少。
• 💼 农民工在城市中的工作选择有限，通常只能从事保安或清洁工等低收入工作。
• 💔 冯碧全因脾气问题导致家庭破裂，晚年孤独，体现了部分农民工个人生活的悲剧。
• 👵👴 第一代农民工普遍缺乏储蓄，许多人的积蓄不足5万元，难以应对老年生活。
• 🏥 农民工在城市中很少就医，他们通常因为医疗费用昂贵而选择忍受病痛。
• 🔄 农民工在城市与家乡之间处于两难，城市不再需要他们时，他们被迫返回变化巨大的家乡。
• 📊 调查显示，第一代农民工的子女中，有65%-68%继续从事农民工工作，显示了贫困和社会地位的代际传递。
• 📝 秋凤贤教授的研究揭示了农民工问题，但相关讨论和解决方案在社会上并未得到充分重视。

Q & A

冯碧全为何选择在山洞中生活？

冯碧全因为年过60岁，根据规定不能在建筑工地工作，而他曾是石匠，只能从事保安或清洁工作。由于难以找到工作，收入逐渐减少，最终无家可归，选择在山洞中生活。

第一代农民工在中国改革开放初期面临了哪些困难？

第一代农民工在改革开放初期面临了低收入、缺乏社会保障和医疗保障、子女教育问题以及城市对他们的排斥和清理等困难。

根据秋凤仙的研究，第一代农民工的主要问题有哪些？

秋凤仙的研究显示，第一代农民工主要面临的问题包括几乎没有储蓄、很少进行体检或在工作地就医、老年后无处可去以及社会流动性低，子女继续成为农民工。

为什么第一代农民工很少寻求医疗治疗？

第一代农民工很少寻求医疗治疗的原因是医疗费用昂贵，他们认为小病不需要治疗，大病则因为无法承担费用而放弃治疗。此外，新农合医疗保险的报销比例受地域限制，跨省就医报销比例大幅降低。

为什么冯碧全和他的弟弟生活在一起几个月后会产生冲突？

冯碧全和他的弟弟都有不好的脾气，共同生活几个月后，性格不合导致两人产生冲突，冯碧全一怒之下离开了弟弟的家。

秋凤仙在她的调查中发现了哪些关于农民工的悲剧故事？

秋凤仙在调查中发现了一个农民工因为身体状况极差去大医院检查，被诊断出患有无法负担治疗费用的红斑狼疮，被告知回家并卖掉家中物品准备治疗。

为什么第一代农民工的子女大多数仍然继续成为农民工？

第一代农民工的子女大多数继续成为农民工，是因为社会流动性低，他们的家庭出身和教育水平限制了他们的职业选择和社会地位的提升。

秋凤仙对于第一代农民工的未来有什么建议？

秋凤仙建议政府不应轻易让农民工失去工作，应尽量让他们工作至70岁，因为只要他们能工作，就有收入，这样可以减轻他们自身和政府的养老压力。

为什么有关第一代农民工的文章会被审查和禁止传播？

有关第一代农民工的文章被审查和禁止传播，可能是因为这些问题长期以来被忽视，政府和社会没有准备好或不愿意面对这些问题，通过封锁信息来避免社会关注。

第一代农民工对中国改革开放做出了哪些贡献，但他们得到了什么回报？

第一代农民工为中国的经济发展做出了巨大贡献，但他们没有享受到改革开放的成果，反而牺牲了自己的健康和青春，老年时缺乏养老保障。

冯碧全的故事如何反映了第一代农民工的整体命运？

冯碧全的故事反映了第一代农民工被城市、家乡甚至国家遗弃的命运，他们在城市工作多年却无法融入，回到家乡发现已物是人非，最终可能无家可归，生活困苦。

Outlines

00:00

🏘️ 农民工的辛酸与无奈

本段落讲述了四川小燕村的农民工冯碧泉的故事。冯碧泉62岁，曾在广东河源工作数十年，因年老被禁止在工地工作，导致失业。他曾尝试保安或清洁工，但收入微薄，最终因无法负担生活而回到故乡。然而，故乡的变化让他感到陌生，自己的房子也已倒塌，与弟弟同住后因性格不合而搬出，最终选择在山洞中生活。这个故事反映了第一代农民工的普遍困境，他们为城市的建设贡献了一生，却在老年时被城市和家乡同时抛弃，成为无家可归的人。

05:03

📊 农民工的生存现状调查

这一段介绍了安徽某大学教师邱凤贤对第一代农民工生存现状的调查研究。第一代农民工指的是1970年前出生、1980年代开始进城务工的农村居民。他们被称为'生计型农民工'，因为改革开放初期农村贫困，他们被迫进城谋生。调查发现，这些农民工普遍没有积蓄，大多数人的储蓄不足5万元。他们的收入增长缓慢，且多数收入用于家庭开支，难以储蓄。此外，农民工在城市中很少就医，因为医疗费用昂贵，他们通常选择忍受小病或放弃治疗大病。

10:03

👴 老年农民工的困境

第三段进一步探讨了老年农民工的困境。尽管法定退休年龄是60岁，但多数农民工希望继续在城市工作以维持收入。调查中，一位农民工因身患重病被建议回家乡治疗，但医疗费用昂贵，医疗保险报销比例低，他们面临巨大的经济压力。此外，农民工的子女大多数继续从事农民工工作，社会流动性低，贫困可能成为代际传递的问题。

15:05

📜 被遗忘的农民工问题

这一段讨论了农民工问题长期被社会忽视的现实。虽然农民工在城市中随处可见，但很少有人真正关注他们的生活状况和需求。随着第一代农民工逐渐老去，他们的退休和医疗问题亟待解决，但社会和政府似乎并未做好准备或缺乏解决这些问题的意愿。文章的作者质疑为何有关农民工困境的文章会被审查和封锁，暗示这可能是因为政府不愿意面对这些问题。

20:06

🏭 农民工的城市与乡村双重遗弃

第五段指出农民工在城市工作多年，但城市并未给予他们应有的社会保障和关注。当他们年老无法继续工作时，城市会将他们视为负担，迫使他们离开。同时，他们的家乡也发生了巨大变化，使得他们返乡后感到陌生和被遗弃。这段文字强调了农民工在城市和乡村之间被双重遗弃的悲惨境遇。

25:07

📢 农民工的无声呐喊

最后一段强调了农民工在社会中的无声和无力。他们为国家的经济发展做出了巨大贡献，但自己却未得到应有的回报和关怀。政府和社会对他们的老年生活缺乏支持和保障，使得他们在老年时面临生存的困境。文章通过提出农民工被城市、家乡和国家三重遗弃的观点，呼吁社会关注并解决这一问题，同时反思为何农民工的声音和需求被忽视。

Keywords

💡农民工

农民工指的是从农村地区迁移到城市从事非农业劳动的劳动者。在视频中，他们是改革开放后第一批进城务工的人员，他们的生活和工作状况是视频讨论的核心。例如，视频中提到的冯碧泉就是一个典型的农民工，他在城市工作了几十年，但最终因为年龄和政策原因失去了工作，回到农村却发现自己已成为一个无家可归的人。

💡改革开放

改革开放是中国在1978年开始实施的一系列经济和政治改革政策，旨在促进国家的现代化和市场经济的发展。视频中提到的第一代农民工正是在这一时期开始涌入城市，寻求更好的生活和工作机会。然而，他们并没有享受到改革开放带来的全部利益，相反，他们的牺牲和贡献往往被忽视。

💡社会保障

社会保障是指政府为保障公民基本生活和权益而提供的各种保障措施，包括医疗保险、养老保险等。视频中指出，第一代农民工在城市工作多年，却普遍缺乏社会保障，这导致他们在老年时面临生活困境，无法得到应有的照顾和支持。

💡户籍制度

户籍制度是中国特有的一种人口管理制度，它将人口分为农业户口和非农业户口，限制了人口的自由流动。视频中提到，户籍制度使得农民工在城市中难以享受到与本地居民相同的待遇，如教育、医疗等公共服务，这加剧了他们的社会边缘化。

💡退休

退休通常指劳动者达到一定年龄后停止工作，享受养老金等待遇。然而，视频中的农民工由于缺乏足够的储蓄和社会保障，即使到了退休年龄也不得不继续工作以维持生计，这反映了他们在老年时面临的严峻生活挑战。

💡城乡差距

城乡差距指的是城市和农村在经济发展、生活水平、社会服务等方面存在的差异。视频中通过冯碧泉的故事展示了城乡差距如何影响农民工的生活，他们在城市中辛勤工作却难以融入城市生活，在老年时回到农村又发现家乡已经变得陌生。

💡社会阶层

社会阶层是指社会中根据经济、职业、教育等因素划分的不同等级。视频中提到，第一代农民工的子女中，只有大约20%能够向上流动，而大多数仍然从事农民工的工作，这揭示了社会阶层的固化和贫富差距的扩大。

💡医疗保障

医疗保障是指政府或社会为公民提供的基本医疗服务和经济援助。视频中指出，农民工普遍缺乏医疗保障，他们在城市工作时很少进行体检或治疗，一旦生病，高昂的医疗费用成为他们沉重的负担。

💡年龄歧视

年龄歧视是指基于年龄的不公平对待。视频中提到，随着年龄的增长，农民工在城市中找工作变得更加困难，一些城市甚至出台政策限制60岁以上的农民工在建筑工地工作，这体现了对老年农民工的歧视和排斥。

💡社会责任感

社会责任感是指个人或组织对社会和他人福祉的关注和承担的责任。视频中批评了政府和社会对农民工问题的关注不足，缺乏解决他们困境的责任感和实际行动，这反映了社会对这一弱势群体的忽视。

💡代际传承

代际传承指的是一代人的经历、价值观或生活方式传递给下一代。视频中提到，第一代农民工的子女中有很高比例继续从事农民工工作，这表明贫困和农民工的身份在一定程度上是代际传承的，揭示了社会流动性的缺乏。

Highlights

冯毕全是四川小燕村的一位62岁村民，因在山洞生活而成为中国新闻焦点。

冯毕全因年满60岁被禁止在工地工作，导致他只能从事保安或清洁工等低收入工作。

冯毕全在广东河源工作数十年，但因脾气问题导致家庭破裂，最终孤身一人。

冯毕全在家乡没有积蓄，生活陷入困境，甚至无法负担回家的车票。

冯毕全回到家乡后发现家乡变化巨大，自己的老房子已经倒塌，无法居住。

冯毕全与弟弟性格不合，最终选择离开弟弟家，开始在山洞生活。

第一代农民工的生活困境和命运，成为社会关注的焦点。

安徽大学教师邱凤贤通过社会调查，研究了第一代农民工的生活状况。

第一代农民工多为生计所迫进城务工，与后来的农民工有着不同的生活需求和目标。

邱凤贤发现，第一代农民工普遍缺乏储蓄，大多数人的储蓄不足5万元。

农民工因长期从事体力劳动，健康状况普遍较差，但很少寻求医疗帮助。

农民工在城市中缺乏社会保障和医疗保险，老年生活面临巨大挑战。

农民工的子女大多数继续从事农民工工作，社会流动性低。

邱凤贤建议政府应为返乡农民工提供工作机会，延长他们的工作年限至70岁。

农民工在城市中被边缘化，没有享受到改革开放的成果，反而牺牲了健康和青春。

农民工对社会心存感激，但面对现实困境，他们的感激之情显得无奈。

农民工问题被社会和政府忽视，他们的权利和需求没有得到应有的关注和保障。

农民工的困境和未来，需要政府承担起责任，提供必要的社会保障和支持。

Transcripts

"No one wants me anymore, I can't find any work."

The person you are looking at now is Feng Biquan.

He is a rural resident from Xiaoyan Village, Hejiang County, Sichuan Province.

Not long ago, he made headlines in China's news.

Because he lives in a cave near his village in the mountains.

Why does Feng Biquan live in a cave?

It is a long story.

Feng Biquan is 62 years old this year

When he was young, he went south to work with the young people from his village

And arrived in Heyuan, Guangdong

He was there for several decades

While he was in Heyuan, he got married and had a child

But due to Feng Biquan's bad temper

Not long after being married

his wife left him and took the child

Since then, he has been alone

In the blink of an eye, he turned 60 years old

Recently, Heyuan City issued a regulation

that people over 60 years old cannot work on construction sites anymore

And Feng Biquan was a stonemason when he was young

he had been working on construction sites

When he's not allowed to work on construction sites any more

he can only do other jobs

According to local regulations

He can only work as a security guard or cleaner

I guess the local government is also well-intentioned

Because when people get old

engaging in the heavy physical labor on construction sites

If someone was too exhausted and died on the construction site

it wouldn't look good for the whole society

So these people were asked to do security and cleaning jobs

Feng Biquan had a hard time finding security and cleaning jobs

Gradually, he had no income

He had been working in Heyuan for decades

and didn't have much savings

So he couldn't afford to eat

People from his village said

He started living a life where he lived from hand to mouth

After a few months, he became so hungry and very skinny

At first, his cousin helped him out

his younger sister also helped him

But in the long run, it's not a solution either

It is said that he wants to return to his hometown in Sichuan

But he doesn't even have enough money to afford the train ticket back home

During this year's Spring Festival

one of his fellow villagers

was planning to drive back to their hometown in Sichuan

So he gave him a ride from Heyuan

And drove him all the way back to his hometown in Hejiang, Sichuan

But when he returned to Xiaoyan Village

He discovered that his hometown

has undergone earth-shattering changes

In the 30 years he worked away, he only returned home twice

Now, even the name of his village has changed

Villages have merged with each other

And most importantly

His own old house

had collapsed after decades of being unoccupied

In other words, although he has returned to his hometown

there is no longer a place that can accommodate him

Later, he started living at his own younger brother's house

But both he and his younger brother have bad temperaments

After living together for a few months, the two brothers started having conflicts

In a fit of anger, he moved out of his younger brother's house

and started living in a cave in the mountains

When I saw this news, I felt quite emotional

Why?

This elderly man, Feng Biquan, had worked in the city his whole life

The city couldn't accommodate him

But when he returned to his hometown

His hometown, in fact, also abandoned him

In the end, he became homeless

living in a cave in the mountains

His fate became a microcosm of a generation of migrant workers

So today, let's talk about

the story of the first generation of migrant workers behind Mr. Feng Biquan

No one wanted him anymore

He couldn't find work anymore

It is said that a few days ago, on the internet in China

there was an article that spread widely

titled 'Working for Thirty Years: You are My Elders and My Future

This article is written by a new media outlet

The content of this article

is based on a social survey conducted by a teacher named Qiu Fengxian from a university in Anhui

It is a summary of the findings from her survey

After circulating online for a day or two

It was completely banned

Perhaps it was too difficult for some authorities to face

So they simply blocked it

This teacher Qiu Fengxian

She specializes in sociology at a university in Anhui

Her parents were migrant workers

she is the only one in her entire family who has attended college

She mentioned in her speech

after she went to college, she visited her younger sister

her sister and brother-in-law were working in Shanghai at the time

During their time working in Shanghai, she found out that they couldn't afford to rent a house

So they lived with over a dozen other migrant workers in a large room

They separated a small room with a wooden board

That's why she said she considers herself very lucky

So after going to college, she became a teacher after graduating from college

and pays close attention to the fate of migrant workers

In 2017, she applied for a project funded by the Social Science Foundation

which specifically studies the first generation of migrant workers

What does "the first generation of migrant workers" mean?

She categorizes it as:

someone born before the 1970s

and started working in the 1980s

This group of migrant workers is referred to as "livelihood-based migrant workers"

Because at the beginning of China's reform and opening up

rural residents were really poor

More importantly, rural residents were tied to the land

they were not allowed to come to the city

nor were they allowed to work in the city

Later, in the early stages of reform and opening up,

there were some private enterprises in the cities gradually

Soon, all over the country,

rural migrant workers were allowed to come to the city to work

Overnight, Chinese rural residents

started flocking into the cities from the countryside

At the beginning, back then

because there weren't as many job opportunities in the cities

so people all over the country were very unwelcoming towards migrant workers

I remember it myself

In the 1980s, they often said on TV

There was a term called "migrant worker tide"

the so-called migrant worker tide is when every year after the Spring Festival

these migrant workers would swarm to different parts of the country by train

and they were aimless

wherever they saw a city, they would get off and look for work

so many cities were on high alert at that time

they were guarding the train stations and not allowing these migrant workers to get off the train

Later, in the 1990s

After the establishment of China's market economy

private enterprises began to develop rapidly

It was only then that these migrant workers started to continuously enter the cities for work

but at the slightest disturbance

the cities would clean them up and send them back to the countryside

So the fate of China's rural residents

the first generation of migrant workers is truly very, very tragic

They simply cannot understand the policies of this country

but they can understand that there is no hope in the countryside

Only by going to the city can they earn a slightly higher income

so as long as there is a small opportunity in the city

They will come to the city

But after they come to the city

they will find that they cannot do most of the jobs

There are various restrictions in the city

so they can only do a limited few types of work

the first is being a construction worker on a construction site

the second item is that women will enter restaurants to work as waitresses

these are the first generation of migrant workers in China

most commonly worked on

some of them will also do small business in the city

So she summarizes the first generation of migrant workers

as those who enter the city in order to improve their livelihoods

and work hard to make a living

She said,

The difference between the first generation of migrant workers and the second generation of migrant workers is that

the second and third generation of migrant workers have a demand for improved living conditions

and the first generation of migrant workers were purely for livelihood

She conducted this investigation on migrant workers

She interviewed over 200 migrant workers

and distributed over 2,000 questionnaires

She wanted to understand this group of people

to understand their needs, current situation, and concerns

In the end, she discovered that this group of migrant workers

truly became the forgotten and abandoned people in this society

She summarized the main problems faced by this group of migrant workers

the first aspect

she discovered is that the first generation of migrant workers basically had no savings

She conducted a survey

among these migrant workers, only about 70% have savings of less than 50,000 yuan

Think about it, 50,000 yuan in China

Think about what you can do with it

But these migrant workers work in the cities

Now they are gradually entering the age range of 50 to 60

but their lifelong savings

are only about 50,000 yuan or even less

Why is their income so low?

She also discovered that there are two reasons.

The first reason

is when the first generation of migrant workers entered the city

In reality, their income was very low

In China, during the booming years of the market economy

She found that the income of migrant workers in Guangdong increased very slowly

In other words, migrant workers did not benefit from the reforms and opening up

This is the first reason

The second reason

these migrant workers belong to the type of families which solely rely on their income

working outside

they constantly sent money back home

to support their family and send children to school

even to buy a house and help their son to get married

Such a family ecological structure

makes it almost impossible for the first generation of migrant workers to save money

During the interview, she met a migrant worker who shared

that he worked hard all his life

and saved enough money to buy houses for his two sons

but for the third son, he simply doesn't have the capability to do so

when his third son got married

He wrote an IOU to his daughter-in-law

saying, 'He will definitely help his daughter-in-law'

to repay the money they spent to buy the house

After writing this IOU

the elderly couple went out to collect garbage

because they were no longer able to work

For ten years, they collected garbage

to repay the debt for the house their third son bought

Therefore, the first generation of migrant workers hardly had any savings. This is the first aspect.

Secondly, she said these migrant workers

in the city, they rarely seek medical treatment

She said only about 35% of them have had physical examinations

about 68% of them

have never sought medical treatment at their place of employment

Why haven't they sought medical treatment?

Because it's too expensive, they can't afford it

Their conclusion is "minor illnesses don't need to be treated"

just endure it and it will pass

"serious illnesses don't need to be treated either"

because they can't do anything if that happened

and these migrant workers, due to long-term engagement in heavy physical labor

their physical condition

became very poor

But even so,

They are also hesitant to go to big hospitals for medical treatment

He said, "We go to big hospitals for treatment."

"as soon as we enter the hospital gate, we start to panic"

"The panic is not because I might have a serious illness, or an unknown illness"

"I panic because I don't know how much money I will have to spend"

"What kind of diagnosis will the doctor give me?"

"Or what kind of medicine will they prescribe?"

"I have no confidence."

"I worked hard and earned a little money"

"In the end, it all went to the hospital."

He said that although they had the new rural cooperative medical insurance in recent years

but the new rural cooperative medical insurance

in most cases, the reimbursement ratio is determined by the patient's registered residence

It is locally managed

If you seek medical treatment at your own township hospital

you may be reimbursed 90%

Once you cross provinces, the self-payment threshold increases significantly

and the reimbursement ratio decreases significantly

But the majority of these migrant workers

are working in other places than their hometown

Think about it

What will they do when they need medical treatment?

Can they go back to their hometown to seek medical care?

If they go back to their hometown to seek medical care

some of them may lose their jobs

the cost of returning home is very expensive

So most migrant workers just go to the nearby small clinic to have a quick check

She also mentioned a very tragic story of a migrant worker

She said the migrant worker was in a very bad physical condition

so he went to a big hospital for a check-up

After the check-up, the doctor told him

He said, "You, hurry up and take care of yourself."

"Return to your home, return to your hometown"

"Sell the things in your home"

"You should go see a doctor"

"You have lupus erythematosus"

"You can't afford the treatment here"

This is the fate of the first generation of migrant workers

The third aspect, she said these migrant workers

when they get old, where can they go?

She found that the majority of migrant workers over 60 years old

are unwilling to return to their hometown

By law, the statutory retirement age in China

is 60 years old

At 60 years old, you should retire

but most of these migrant workers want to stay in the city and continue working

Why is that?

Because they still want to earn money

They told Teacher Qiu Fengxian

retirement is something that concerns city people

For us, retirement doesn't exist

She asked these migrant workers

when would they want to stop working

he said he will work until he can't work anymore

work until death

It sounds really sad

This is the fate of the first generation of Chinese migrant workers

And, more importantly, she found in her investigation

the first generation of migrant workers

in fact, among themselves and their descendants

the proportion of them moving up the social hierarchy is very low

probably only twenty percent

In most cases

their own children will continue to work as migrant workers

this proportion is approximately 65%-68%

So, you can see

poverty is inherited in Chinese society

If your father is a migrant worker

there is a high probability

that your own children will also become migrant workers

Therefore, she draws a conclusion in this research report

that an individual in today's Chinese society

if they want to change their own destiny

it does not depend on their own efforts

but on social factors

For these rural residents

For these migrant workers

they worked hard and struggled for 30 years

but they were not able to change their own destiny

On the contrary, the destiny of their own descendants remains the same

So, the subtitle in that article says

You are my predecessors and my future

Where are your mom and dad?

They are in Guangdong.

What about you?

Are they both in Guangdong? Do you miss them?

I kind of do.

Mom, I miss you.

I miss you too.

I wonder why the relevant authorities banned this article

It is obvious that this issue has been overlooked for a long time

Although everyone knows about China's migrant workers

In fact, this group is a disadvantaged group in the society

However, the whole society has not seriously discussed about it

many urban residents haven't faced it seriously

They know that when we work in the city

We see migrant workers on construction sites

And the waiters in restaurants are also all migrant workers

But few people would think about it

and pay attention to this group of people

These are people from two different worlds

Especially this group of migrant workers is gradually aging now

According to his statistics

Now, there are over 80 million migrant workers between the ages of 50 and 60

They will soon enter senior stage of their life

What about their retirement?

What about their healthcare?

In reality, nobody pays attention to them

So, Qiu Fengxian

Presented their true living conditions to the society

And this is not allowed

Because, obviously, our current authorities

are not prepared

not do they have the willingness

to solve the problems faced by these people

What should we do then?

Simply block these kinds of articles

If you can't read them, then they don't exist

As for the 80 million migrant workers

As for those migrant workers who return to their hometowns and live in caves

The best solution is to let them fend for themselves

The loading and unloading of express packages for 12 hours, and we have to fight for a salary of merely160 yuan

Only 160 yuan now?

Yes, 12 hours, 160 yuan for loading and unloading.

One loader is forced to work for three people's workload

In this market, they treat you as a person, but once you go, they treat you like a machine

They don't even give you time to take a sip of water.

There is not even time to go to the bathroom

They limit you to do your business in 10 minutes

10 minutes is not enough for a round trip

Even if there is work

“There may be some work in this market.”

“Let you work for a day.”

“After coming back, you have to lie in bed for at least 3 days.”

A few years ago, I watched a documentary.

It's called 'The Story of Three Sisters'.

The filmmaker of this documentary

followed three sisters from a migrant worker family in Sichuan for 16 years

He filmed the various experiences of the three sisters working outside during the process of reform and opening up

If you're interested, you can find and watch it

I think it's very good

These three sisters live in a rural area in Sichuan

Their education level is low, only elementary school

After the reform and opening up, they also went to work in the south

After returning to Sichuan,

The three sisters went to three different places in the country

and started their new lives

One went to Wenzhou

One went to Tibet

And one went to Guiyang

Since this TV drama is broadcasted on CCTV

So the final presentation is still mostly positive

These sisters have changed their own destiny through hard work

But, through this documentary, you can see

The faint silhouette of the struggling generation of migrant workers

and their hardships and efforts

I'm just saying

The first generation of migrant workers were actually abandoned

Although the author of the article

only dares to say they were forgotten, they were actually abandoned.

Who abandoned them?

I think there are three aspects

The first aspect is being abandoned by the city where he works

These migrant workers

although they work in this city

Some have been working for decades

they don't have social security or medical insurance in this city

their children are not even allowed to attend school here at the beginning

So, can you see?

Although they work in this city

this city has nothing to do with them

When they have difficulties

the city will not help them either

when this city no longer needs them one day

they will be immediately ordered to leave

A few years ago, there was a school in Beijing

A security guard

He used a hammer to hit the heads of the children in the classroom of their own school

Several children were injured

It caused a huge shock at that time

Later, the media reported

This security guard has been working at this school for 20 years

Suddenly, Beijing wants to clean up the security guards

Considering them as low-income and low-quality personnel

This security guard lost his job overnight

And when he tried to communicate with the school's leadership, no one paid attention to him

He couldn't accept it

So he picked up a hammer

And started hitting the children he used to protect

I think this security guard

Definitely at that time, what he felt in his heart was

a strong sense of being abandoned

Because in reality, he

spent his entire youth in Beijing

and at this school

But with a single order, he had to leave

He couldn't accept it

I think most of China's migrant workers

Actually share the same fate as this security guard

They seem to live in the city

But this city has never been their own hometown

Never been their own home

One day, when they grow old, they must leave

This is the first aspect

The second that abandoned them is their own hometown

Most of the first generation migrant workers go out to work

They stay out for several decades

At most they visit home for Chinese New Year

So the connection between their hometown and them

is actually very weak already

On the other hand,

The changes in China's rural areas in recent years have been tremendous

So, when these people return to their hometowns in their old age

they will find that their hometowns have undergone earth-shattering changes

For example, their loved ones have slowly left this world

For example, their houses are no longer standing there

For example, the entire social knowledge system in the village

has become very unfamiliar to them

In other words, their hometown is no longer their hometown

After returning home, they have become strangers

they were abandoned by their hometowns

Thirdly, they were abandoned by this country

Think about what happened to them after they entered the city

They became part of the army of Chinese industries

They are engaged in industrial work

Not agricultural labor like rural residents

But on the industrial production line

they have no labor protection

no social security, no medical insurance

No one takes care of them when they get sick

More importantly, when they grow old

No one takes care of them in their old age

Let's think about it

They are the first generation of migrant workers

In the process of working

It was during the decades of China's miraculous economic development

But these migrant workers

return home empty-handed

They have not benefited from the reform and opening up that they have contributed to

They have only sacrificed their own health

even their lives

This society owes them

This country owes them

They have been abandoned by this country

No industrialized country should

abandon its responsibility and obligation towards industrial workers

What is this responsibility?

It is to provide them with medical insurance

When they are sick

And when they are old

taking on the responsibility of elderly care

So they were abandoned by their own country

In their journey of laboring

the difficulties and hardships they have experienced

are different from what we knew

Most of the first generation migrant workers

They have such gratitude towards our era

they are grateful

they didn't exaggerate their own difficulties

They are thankful for this era

“Gave them the opportunity to go out for work”

“Provided them with jobs and income”

In her report, Teacher Qiu Fengxian

made a suggestion for the future prospects of

the first generation of migrant workers returning to their hometowns

She suggested that the government

should not easily let them lose their jobs when they return

And should try to enable them to work until the age of 70

Why is that?

Because as long as they can work

They will have income

It will reduce the pressure of supporting themselves in old age

It will also reduce the pressure on the government

But have you seen?

Teacher Qiu Fengxian

didn't dare to suggest that the government take on more responsibilities

So some people suggest

some people say that Teacher Qiu Fengxian is a bit heartless

She is just suggesting that migrant workers return to their hometowns and continue working

But think about it, if she suggests that the government take on greater responsibility

Will the government listen?

Or does she believe it's possible?

So I guess

Actually, she is suggesting the government

to give these migrant workers, who return home empty-handed

a chance to help themselves

The second aspect

is the actual future of these migrant workers

lies in the government taking responsibilities

Just think about when they spent their youth and sweat

to build this country

this country has completely failed to take care of them

Where did their labor rewards go?

stolen by those business owners

taken away by the state in the form of taxes

And then these people themselves are left with nothing

Shouldn't the government bear the responsibility?

Clearly, it should.

But now you

you can see

What the government is doing is

Farmers over the age of 60

Are not allowed to work on construction sites here

On the surface, it seems like they are being taken care of

But it is actually

dodging the responsibility

Because they think these farmers are too old

If you continue to work on construction sites

you might be in danger

once someone encounters danger and dies

It is possible to trigger a social media explosion

Toward the government's rules like this

so it's easier to force them to leave construction sites

Hurry back home

What's the point of going back home?

Fend for themselves

Why are such articles censored?

Why are these questions censored?

It's because they don't really want to solve these problems

If they really want to solve these problems,

isn't it necessary for everyone to face these problems together first?

Obviously,

The government hopes that these 80 million aging migrant workers

return to their hometowns and fend for themselves

Lastly, we must ask,

why were these people

abandoned by this country?

Clearly, it's because they lack power in their hands

No one speaks for them

No one speaks up for them

Only people like Teacher Qiu Fengxian

did a researech report for them

which just a faint voice

sent out to this society

This article has also mentioned

How many urbanites would seriously listen

to the voices of these migrant workers?

Including our government

in the distribution of finances

How many people care about these migrant workers?

Their contributions to this society

and the responsibility that the government should carry?

None.

So they have become the most vulnerable group in this society

They are not only the most vulnerable group in the social division of labor

But also the most vulnerable group in the rights system

So their rights are violated, and no one pays attention

This is the fate of China's first generation of migrant workers

What's even more tragic is that their children are still facing the same situation

Alright, I will stop here for today

Thank you, everyone.

No one wants it anymore, no one wants it anymore.

I can't find a job anymore.

I worked 12 hours unloading packages and only made 160 yuan.

Now it's only 160 yuan.

Yes, 12 hours of loading and unloading for 160 yuan.

One person doing the work of three.

In this market, they treat you like a human being

But once you go there, they treat you like a machine

At present, the number of rural migrant workers aged 50 and above in China exceeds 80 million. They will soon enter old age. However, surveys have found that the first generation of rural migrant workers who migrated to cities for work after the reform and opening-up policy do not have medical insurance or social security. After working for thirty years, they generally lack savings and lack support for their old age. They continue to struggle on the path of survival

Subtitle: Xiaobai, JackDarlingMP

Proofread: Xiaobai, JackDarlingMP

This generation of rural migrant workers has been abandoned by the cities where they worked, abandoned by their hometowns, and even abandoned by their own country. They have not enjoyed the benefits of the reform and opening-up policy. Instead, they have sacrificed their health and youth. As their hair turns white and wrinkles appear on their foreheads, what awaits them is a future with little to no old-age support.

Most of the first generation migrant workers

for our era

they are grateful

they haven't exaggerated their own difficulties

They are grateful to this era

which has given them the opportunity to work outside

So that they have jobs

and income

What's even more tragic is that among the offspring of this generation of rural migrant workers, only 20% have moved upward in the social hierarchy, while nearly 70% of the descendants still work as migrant workers. The destiny of their families reveals that in contemporary China, changing one's fate has little to do with individual efforts, but rather depends on social factors. If the social structure does not change, the fate of these migrant workers will become an inter-generational cycle, passed down from generation to generation.