Life processes Full chapter | class 10 Animated video | 10th BIOLOGY | ncert #science | Chapter 7

Summary

This educational video script delves into the fundamental life processes essential for organisms' survival. It covers nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion, explaining how they maintain and repair bodies. The script details plant photosynthesis, human digestion, respiratory systems, and the circulatory system's role in transporting nutrients and oxygen. It also explains the lymphatic system and plant transport tissues, concluding with the human excretory system's function in removing waste.

Takeaways

• 🌿 Life processes are essential for organisms to maintain and repair their bodies, and they include nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion.
• 🍃 Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and glucose, taking place in chloroplasts within green leaves.
• 🌱 Plants obtain raw materials for photosynthesis through stomata for carbon dioxide, roots for water, and sunlight through the leaf surface.
• 🥗 Human digestion begins in the mouth with the action of teeth and saliva, which contains the enzyme salivary amylase that partially digests starch.
• 🔄 The human digestive system is a long coiled tube, the gastrointestinal tract, which includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and anus.
• 💊 Gastric juice in the stomach contains pepsin, hydrochloric acid, and mucus, aiding in digestion and protecting the stomach lining from damage.
• 🚰 Nutrients from digested food are absorbed into the bloodstream through villi in the small intestine, which contain blood vessels and lymph vessels.
• 🌀 Respiration is the process of obtaining oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide, with aerobic respiration releasing more energy stored in ATP molecules compared to anaerobic respiration.
• 💨 The human respiratory system includes the nose, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli, facilitating the exchange of gases between the blood and the air.
• 🔄 The human circulatory system involves a double circulation, with the heart pumping oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
• 🌐 Plant transport systems use xylem for water transport and phloem for food transport, with translocation of materials based on the plant's needs and osmotic pressure.
• 🚰 The human excretory system involves kidneys filtering waste products like urea and uric acid from the blood, which then form urine and are excreted through the urinary bladder and urethra.

Q & A

What are the four important life processes mentioned in the script?

The four important life processes mentioned are Nutrition, Respiration, Transportation, and Excretion.

How do organisms obtain nutrients for growth and repair according to the script?

Organisms obtain nutrients through the life process of nutrition, which allows them to obtain food and convert it into nutrients necessary for growth, repair, and maintenance of their bodies.

What is the role of respiration in living organisms?

Respiration is a life process where organisms obtain oxygen from their surroundings and release carbon dioxide. It also releases energy from food molecules like glucose, which is essential for various cellular activities.

Can you explain the process of photosynthesis as described in the script?

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and glucose, which is a form of energy. This process takes place inside the chloroplasts of plant cells, specifically in the green structures of leaves.

How do plants obtain the raw materials for photosynthesis?

Plants obtain carbon dioxide through stomata, water from the soil through their roots, and sunlight enters the chloroplasts through the upper surface of the leaves.

What is the human digestive system and how does it start?

The human digestive system is a long coiled tube called the alimentary canal, which starts with the mouth and ends with the anus. The process of digestion begins in the mouth, where food is broken down into a paste by the action of teeth and saliva.

What are the components of gastric juice and their roles in digestion?

Gastric juice contains pepsin, hydrochloric acid, and mucus. Pepsin is a protein-digesting enzyme, hydrochloric acid makes the stomach medium acidic for pepsin to function properly, and mucus protects the stomach walls from the damaging effects of hydrochloric acid.

How does the small intestine contribute to the digestion process?

The small intestine is the longest part of the digestive system and contains enzymes from pancreatic juice and intestinal juice, such as trypsin, lipase, pancreatic amylase, peptidases, and nucleosidases, which help in the digestion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Bile from the liver aids in the emulsification of fats and maintaining the intestinal pH for carbohydrate digestion.

What is the role of the human respiratory system in the process of respiration?

The human respiratory system is designed to absorb oxygen from the atmosphere and release carbon dioxide. It includes the nose, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli, where the exchange of gases between the blood and alveoli takes place.

How does the blood circulatory system transport nutrients and oxygen throughout the body?

The blood circulatory system, composed of the heart, blood, and blood vessels, transports nutrients and oxygen by pumping blood through arteries to various body parts and collecting deoxygenated blood through veins back to the heart and lungs.

What is the function of the human excretory system and its components?

The human excretory system eliminates toxic waste products like urea and uric acid from the body. It consists of two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder, and one urethra. Nephrons within the kidneys filter the blood, producing urine that is stored in the bladder and excreted through the urethra.

Outlines

00:00

🌿 Fundamental Life Processes and Photosynthesis

This paragraph introduces the essential life processes necessary for organisms to maintain and repair their bodies. It explains that cells, composed of molecules, require a constant supply of new materials and removal of waste, facilitated by life processes. Four key processes are highlighted: Nutrition, Respiration, Transportation, and Excretion. The paragraph then delves into the specifics of nutrition in plants, describing photosynthesis as the process by which plants convert inorganic materials into glucose and oxygen using sunlight. It also details the role of chloroplasts in photosynthesis and the steps involved, from the activation of chlorophyll to the production of glucose and oxygen. The paragraph concludes with an explanation of how plants obtain their raw materials for photosynthesis, including the role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in providing necessary nitrogen.

05:00

🍽️ Human Digestion and Respiration

The second paragraph focuses on human digestion, starting from the mouth and ending at the anus, describing the process of food breakdown through various stages of the digestive system. It details the role of saliva, teeth, and the stomach with its gastric juices, including pepsin, hydrochloric acid, and mucus. The small intestine is highlighted as the primary site for nutrient absorption, with the help of enzymes from the pancreas, intestinal glands, and bile from the liver. The paragraph then transitions to respiration, explaining the process of aerobic respiration, where glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid, which then enters the mitochondria to produce water, carbon dioxide, and energy stored in ATP molecules. It also touches on anaerobic respiration, which occurs without oxygen and results in less ATP production, and mentions the role of fermentation in yeast.

10:01

💨 The Human Respiratory and Circulatory Systems

This paragraph explores the human respiratory system, detailing the journey of air from the nostrils through the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles to the alveoli, where gas exchange occurs. It explains the role of hemoglobin in transporting oxygen and the mechanics of breathing. The paragraph then describes the circulatory system, emphasizing the heart's function in pumping blood, the distinction between oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, and the concept of double circulation. Blood vessels are categorized into arteries, veins, and capillaries, each with specific roles in transporting blood throughout the body. The lymphatic system is also introduced, explaining its function in absorbing digested fats and returning interstitial fluid to the bloodstream.

15:03

🌱 Plant Transport Systems and Human Excretion

The fourth paragraph contrasts the transport systems of plants and animals. In plants, the transport of food and water is facilitated by xylem and phloem tissues, with the process of translocation driven by osmotic pressure and root pressure. The paragraph explains how plants use ATP to transport glucose and other nutrients and how water is absorbed through roots due to ion concentration differences. It also discusses the human excretory system, which eliminates waste products like urea and uric acid. The kidneys, with their nephrons, are described as the primary filtration units, producing urine that is stored in the urinary bladder and excreted through the urethra.

20:03

🚰 The Functioning of the Human Excretory System

The final paragraph delves deeper into the human excretory system, focusing on the kidneys and their nephrons as the key filtration units. It describes the process of blood filtration, where waste products are separated from useful substances. The reabsorption of essential materials back into the bloodstream and the formation of urine from waste and water are explained. The paragraph outlines the journey of urine from the kidneys through the ureters to the bladder and its eventual excretion through the urethra, highlighting the importance of this system in maintaining the body's internal balance.

Keywords

💡Life Processes

Life processes are the essential biological functions that organisms perform to maintain and repair their bodies. They are vital for survival and include nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion. In the video, life processes are the central theme, as they are described as the foundation for how organisms, including plants and humans, sustain themselves and carry out their daily activities.

💡Cells

Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life, composed of molecules. They are the building blocks of all living organisms and are responsible for carrying out life processes. The video script emphasizes their importance in maintaining life by participating in the maintenance and repair of the body.

💡Nutrition

Nutrition is one of the four key life processes and involves the intake and utilization of food by organisms. In the video, it is explained as the process by which organisms obtain food and convert it into nutrients, which are essential for growth, repair, and maintenance of the body. The script also differentiates between plant nutrition through photosynthesis and human nutrition through the digestive system.

💡Respiration

Respiration is a critical life process where organisms obtain oxygen and release carbon dioxide, along with the release of energy from food molecules. The script explains two types of respiration: aerobic, which requires oxygen and is common in most organisms, and anaerobic, which does not require oxygen and occurs in some bacteria and yeast, including in human muscle cells during vigorous exercise.

💡Transportation

Transportation is another essential life process that facilitates the movement of materials within organisms. The script describes how it is crucial for the delivery of nutrients and oxygen to cells and the removal of waste products. It is highlighted in the context of both the human circulatory system and the plant's xylem and phloem tissues.

💡Excretion

Excretion is the process by which waste products are eliminated from an organism's body. The video script explains it as an important life process that helps to remove toxic substances like urea and carbon dioxide, which are produced as a result of cellular metabolism. The human excretory system, including the kidneys, urinary bladder, and urethra, is discussed in detail.

💡Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen. It is a form of nutrition specific to plants and is central to their survival and growth. The script describes the process in detail, including the role of chloroplasts and the raw materials and products involved.

💡Digestive System

The digestive system is the series of organs responsible for breaking down food into nutrients that can be absorbed by the body. The video script outlines the human digestive system, starting from the mouth and ending at the anus, detailing the process of digestion from ingestion to absorption and excretion of waste.

💡Circulatory System

The circulatory system is the body's 'transport' network, responsible for the distribution of nutrients, oxygen, and the removal of waste products. The script explains the human circulatory system, focusing on the heart, blood, and blood vessels, and how they work together to ensure efficient transportation throughout the body.

💡Chlorophyll

Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, which plays a crucial role in photosynthesis by absorbing sunlight. The video script describes how the activation of chlorophyll by sunlight initiates the process of splitting water molecules, leading to the production of glucose.

💡ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

ATP is the primary energy currency of the cell, storing and releasing energy for various cellular processes. The script explains that ATP is produced during respiration, where energy is released from food molecules like glucose and packaged into ATP molecules, which then supply energy for cellular activities.

Highlights

Life processes are essential for organisms to maintain and repair their bodies.

All living things are composed of cells made up of molecules, requiring maintenance for survival.

Life processes involve the supply of new materials and removal of waste from cells.

Four important life processes are nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion.

Nutrition allows organisms to obtain and convert food into nutrients for growth and repair.

Respiration is the process of obtaining oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide, along with energy release from food molecules.

Transportation is vital for moving useful materials and toxic substances within organisms.

Excretion removes toxic wastes produced in the body.

Plants produce their own food through photosynthesis using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.

Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, the green structures within plant cells.

Plants obtain raw materials for photosynthesis through stomata, roots, and sunlight.

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into forms usable by plants.

Human digestion begins in the mouth and ends at the anus, involving a complex system of organs.

Digestive enzymes like pepsin and amylase break down food into simpler components.

The small intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption into the bloodstream.

Respiration in humans involves the intake of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide, facilitated by the respiratory system.

Aerobic respiration releases more energy than anaerobic respiration but requires a continuous oxygen supply.

The human circulatory system transports oxygen and nutrients to cells and removes waste products.

Plants transport nutrients and water through xylem and phloem tissues, respectively.

The human excretory system eliminates toxic substances like urea and uric acid from the body.

The kidneys filter the blood and produce urine, which is stored in the urinary bladder and excreted through the urethra.

Transcripts

foreign

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that we are going to study is life

processes the life processes helps the

organisms to maintain their bodies as

well as to repair their bodies that

means the organisms cannot survive

without the life processes do you know

all living things are made up of cells

cells are made up of molecules

to keep a cell alive it needs to be

maintained well and repaid from time to

time for this repair and maintenance two

things are to be done one supply of new

materials and two removal of waste and

unwanted materials from these cells

these two tasks are achieved by life

processes in this chapter we will learn

about four important life processes they

are One Nutrition two respiration three

transportation and four excretion first

life process nutrition it is a life

process by which organisms are able to

obtain their food and can convert that

food into nutrients these nutrients

helps the organisms in their growth and

repair and maintenance of their bodies

the second process is respiration in

this process organisms obtain oxygen

from their surroundings and releases

carbon dioxide side out of their bodies

respiration also releases energy from

the food molecules like glucose third

life process is transportation this

process helps in the transport of useful

materials like glucose oxygen and toxic

materials like carbon dioxide

urea Etc cells get oxygen and nutrients

by these three life processes cells use

these materials for production of energy

and to make new complex molecules in

these cellular reactions toxic materials

like carbon dioxide and urea are

produced these toxic materials are to be

sent out of the body then who does this

job exclusion excretion is another

important life process in which toxic

wastes produced in our body are sent out

nutrition in plants plants prepare their

own food by using simple inorganic

materials like water carbon dioxide and

sunlight this process is called

photosynthesis photo means light and

synthesis means making or preparation

now let us see the definition of

photosynthesis photosynthesis is the

process by which plants use sunlight

water and carbon dioxide to produce

oxygen and energy in the form of glucose

that means in photosynthesis water

carbon dioxide and sunlight or the raw

materials glucose and oxygen are the

products we know that photosynthesis

takes place inside the green leaves but

do you know the exact location of

photosynthesis inside the leaf if we

look at the cross section of any Leaf

under a microscope we will be able to

see this kind of green structures

these are chloroplasts

these are the structures in which

photosynthesis takes place now let us

see how plants get their raw materials

for photosynthesis plants get the carbon

dioxide through stomata stomata are the

tiny pores present on the underside of

the leaf plants get water from the soil

through roots

sunlight enters the chloroplast through

the upper surface of the leaf now let us

see the different steps of the process

photosynthesis

step 1. chloroplasts have a green

pigment called chlorophyll this

chlorophyll molecule gets activated by

sunlight

step 2. this light activated chlorophyll

splits the water molecules into hydrogen

and oxygen step 3. the hydrogen produced

in Step 2 reacts with carbon dioxide and

forms glucose apart from glucose plants

also make proteins in their bodies

plants need nitrogen to make protein

molecules plants get this nitrogen from

this soil

nitrogen is present in the soil in the

form of nitrites and nitrates

but from where do these nitrites and

nitrates reach the soil the nitrogen

fixing bacteria present in the soil

converts the atmospheric nitrogen into

nitrites and nitrates this is all about

the nutrition in plants

nutrition in human beings food enters

our body through mouth our digestive

system begins with mouth and ends with

anus different parts of the digestive

system are arranged like a long coiled

tube this tube is called Elementary

Canal the food inside the mouth is made

into a paste by the action of teeth and

saliva saliva is a fluid that makes the

food soft and wet saliva has an enzyme

called as salivary amylase it digests

the starch partially the food is well

chewed in the mouth and it passes down

into the stomach through esophagus the

rhythmic contractions of the esophagus

helps the downward movement of the food

these rhythmic contractions are called

peristalatic movements

this is stomach it is a hollow muscular

organ gastric glands present in the

walls of the stomach they produce

gastric juice

the gastric juice has different

compounds in it they help the stomach in

the process of digestion let us see

different components of this gastric

juice gastric juice has pepsin

hydrochloric acid and mucus in it pepsin

is a protein digesting enzyme the medium

of the stomach should be acidic for the

proper action of the pepsin so the

medium of the stomach is made acidic by

hydrochloric acid HCL is a strong acid

it can cause damage to the stomach walls

a thick layer of mucus protects the

walls of the stomach from the action of

HCL at the end of the stomach there is a

muscular sphincter called as pyloric

sphincter this sphincter releases the

partly digested food slowly into this

small intestine small intestine is the

longest part of the elementary Canal it

is highly coiled to fit in less space

pancreas s secretes pancreatic juice

intestinal glands secrete intestinal

juice and liver secretes bile juice into

the small intestine pancreatic juice and

intestinal juice have enzymes like

trypsin lipase pancreatic amylase

peptidases and nucleosis these enzymes

help in the digestion of carbohydrates

fats and proteins the bile juice that

comes from liver does two important jobs

one emulsification of fats means

converting the bigger fat droplets into

smaller fat droplets by doing this the

surface area of the fat droplets

increases due to increase its surface

area enzymes can digest these fat

droplets more efficiently the second job

of bile is to make the intestinal pH

alkaline in this small intestine

alkaline medium is required for the

digestion of carbohydrates the digestion

of the food gets completed in the small

intestine in the complete process of

digestion carbohydrates are converted to

sugars proteins are converted to amino

acids fats are converted to fatty acids

and glycerol the nutrients that are

formed in the digestion reaches the

cells through the blood circulatory

system but how do these nutrients enter

the blood circulatory system absorption

of nutrients

small intestine has numerous finger-like

projections on its inner surface

these finger-like projections are called

Villi blood vessels and lymph whistles

are present inside these Villi nutrients

get absorbed into these vessels and

enters the bloodstream undigested food

enters into the large intestine the

water present in this undigested food is

absorbed into the blood remaining

undigested waste is excreted out through

anus

respiration now we will study about

respiration respiration is one more

important life process nutrition helps

to get the nutrients like glucose from

food whereas respiration helps in the

release of energy from nutrients like

glucose

in some organisms oxygen is needed for

the process of respiration

the respiration that takes place in the

presence of oxygen is called aerobic

respiration

in aerobic respiration one glucose

molecule splits into two pyruvic acid

molecules

this step takes place in the cytoplasm

of the cell now this pyruvic acid

molecules enters the mitochondria inside

the mitochondria these pyruvic acid

molecules turn into water and carbon

dioxide in this process energy is

released this energy gets packed in ATP

molecules the full form of ATP is

adenosine triphosphate these atps supply

energy to different activities of these

cells for this reason these atps are

called as cell currency in some

organisms oxygen is not needed for

respiration this type of respiration is

called anaerobic respiration but in

anaerobic respiration less atps are

released when compared with aerobic

respiration anaerobic respiration is

observed in organisms like bacteria and

in yeast sometimes even in our bodies

anaerobic respiration takes place why

while doing vigorous exercise the oxygen

levels decrease in our muscle cells this

leads to oxygen deprivation and leads to

anaerobic respiration in anaerobic

respiration pyruvic acid molecules turns

into lactic acid by releasing energy the

buildup of this lactic acid in the

muscle tissue due to anaerobic

respiration leads to muscle soreness or

muscle pain in organisms like yeast

during aerobic respiration pyruvic acid

molecules are converted into ethanol

this process is called as alcoholic

fermentation the energy that is released

in aerobic respiration is greater than

the energy released in the aerobic

respiration but for the process of

aerobic respiration a continuous supply

of oxygen is needed but how do aerobic

organisms gets the continuous supply of

oxygen it is done by breathing

breathing plants have small pores on

their leaves called stomata for the

exchange of gases animals need special

respiratory organs for the exchange of

gases then how do humans get the oxygen

let us see breathing is an important

part of respiration breathing helps to

obtain oxygen from these surroundings

human respiratory system is well

designed to absorb oxygen from the

atmosphere

let us see the structural and functional

importance of human respiratory system

human respiratory system begins with a

pair of nostrils air enters the nose

through the nostrils thin hairs present

in the nasal passage filters the dust

particles that we breathe in the nasal

cavity is lined with mucus and it makes

the air moist and humid now this moist

air enters the windpipe windpipe is also

called as trachea it is supported by

c-shaped cartilaginous Rings these Rings

support the trachea and helps to keep it

open all the time

windpipe divides into two branches these

branches are called bronchi they are

further divided into fine branches

called bronchioles

finally these bronchioles are attached

to small balloon-like structures these

balloon-like structures are called

alveoli the wall of the alveoli has a

network of blood capillaries here the

exchange of gases takes place between

the blood and alveoli the blood that

comes from the body parts has more

carbon dioxide in it the air that enter

the alveoli has more oxygen in it due to

this difference the exchange of gases

takes place between the blood and the

alveoli oxygen is transported by a

pigment called as hemoglobin which is

present in the RBC of blood

carbon dioxide is transported by blood

in dissolved now let us look at the

human transport system transportation is

an important life process materials

required for nutrition respiration and

excretion are supplied by the transport

system hot blood and blood vessels are

the three important parts of the human

transport system just like how an

electric motor pumps water in the pipes

heart pumps the blood into the blood

vessels our heart is a muscular organ it

is in the size of our fist heart does

two important jobs the first job is to

collect deoxygenated blood from the

different parts of the body and send it

to the lungs for the oxygenation this

task is done by the right side chambers

of the heart the second job is to

collect the oxygenated blood from the

lungs and Supply it to the different

parts of the body this task is done by

the left side chambers of the heart but

these two tasks are to be performed at

the same time at first left atrium and

right atrium gets relaxed the left

atrium gets the oxygenated blood from

lungs right atrium gets the deoxygenated

blood from the body parts now both these

Chambers get contracted and pump the

blood into the bottom Chambers now the

left ventricle get contracted and sends

the oxygenated blood to the body parts

at the same time right ventricle pumps

the deoxygenated blood into lungs

animals like birds and mammals have a

four chambered heart in the circulatory

system of these organisms oxygenated and

deoxygenated blood circulates separately

the blood travels through the heart

twice in one complete cycle of blood

circulation one time between the heart

and lungs and the second time between

the heart and body parts so this type of

circulation is called double circuit

Circle relation or double circulation

now we will study about the blood and

blood vessels in our body we have three

different types of blood vessels named

as arteries veins and capillaries

arteries carry the oxygenated blood from

heart to different parts of the body

heart pumps the blood into arteries with

great pressure arteries have thick and

elastic walls to resist this blood

pressure veins collect the deoxygenated

blood from the body parts and carry it

to the heart veins do not have thick

walls since the pressure of blood is low

in veins but veins have valves in them

due to these valves the flow of blood

takes place only in one direction to

supply the materials to cells arteries

split into thin fine tubules called

capillaries these capillaries join

together to form the veins if all blood

vessels are cut in any accident blood

flows out through these blood vessels

this leads to loss of blood to stop the

bleeding blood blood platelets move to

the site of the leakage and plug the cut

temporarily just like blood circulatory

system we have another system in our

body called as lymphatic system lymph

Flows In This lymphatic system lymph is

a colorless fluid the liquid part of the

blood is called plasma this plasma

escapes out the circulatory system

through this small pores present in the

walls of the capillaries this fluid gets

accumulated in the intercellular spaces

of different tissues later this fluid

becomes the lymph this lymph enters the

lymphatic vessels through the lymph

capillaries finally these lymph vessels

open into the large veins lymphatic

system does two important jobs the first

job of lymph is to absorb the digested

fats in the intestines the second job is

to collect the extracellular fluid and

deposits it into the bloodstream these

are the important points of the animal

transport system now we will study about

the plant transport system the

requirement of energy in plants is less

that's why they have a slow transport

system in Plants the transport of food

and water takes place by two different

types of tissues they are xylem and

phloem the food that is prepared in the

leaves of the plants during

photosynthesis has to be supplied to

different parts of the plants this

process is called as translocation the

translocation of food materials like

glucose takes place through phloem

tissue in Plants this translocation

takes place in both upwards and in

downwards directions energy is required

for the process of translocation cells

get this energy from ATP at first with

the use of energy from ATP sucrose

enters the phloem tissue then the

osmotic pressure inside the phloem

tissue increases now due to this osmotic

pressure water enters the phloem tissues

now with this pressure food materials

are taken to to different tissues of the

plants phloem transports the food as per

the requirements of the plants for

example in Spring season buds need food

material for flowering then the phloem

transports the food from stem or root

the transportation of water takes place

through xylem tissues in plants plant

parts like stems branches roots and

leaves have xylem vessels and tracheids

in them now we will see how the water

enters into the roots the cells of the

roots that comes in contact with this

soil actively takes the ions from the

soil into them due to this kind of

active transport of ions the difference

in the concentration of ions develops

between soil and root cells to balance

this difference water enters the roots

during night the transportation of water

in Plants takes place through root

pressure during day time plants keep

their stomata open for the process of

transpiration due to this transpiration

water moves up in the xylem now we will

discuss about the human excretory system

cells while carrying out their

activities they produce toxic

nitrogenous substances like urea and

uric acid these compounds are to be

eliminated from our body this job is

done by the excretory system blood

collects and Carries these toxic

materials to the excretory system for

filtration human excretory system has

two kidneys two ureters one urinary

bladder and one urethra in it nephrons

are the structural and functional units

of the kidney these are the tiny

structures that filter the blood each

nephron has a tuft of capillaries called

glomerulus and a cup-like structure

called Bowman's capsule nephrons filter

the blood and removes the waste like

urea uric acid creatinine Etc useful

materials like glucose amino acids and

salts also get filtered in the Bowman's

capsule but later they get reabsorbed

back into the blood circulatory system

filtered wastes along with water is

called as urine it enters the urinary

bladder through ureters once the bladder

is full it triggers the sensation of

urination when we relax the muscles of

the urinary bladder then the urine flows

out through the urethra these are the

important points of the life process

thanks for watching

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thank you